Vol.51, Iss. 3

Utilization of Emulsiflex Prepared Escherichia coli Strain EC4 Oxyrase for Improved Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria by using Hungate Technique and Determination of its Kinetic Parameters

Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq

Present study was conducted for the utilization of Emulsiflex prepared oxyrase extracted from cytoplasmic of membrane fragments of E. coli. For this purpose, 88 E.coli isolates from 30 intact poultry intestines were cultured and identified preliminary on the b…

Evidence of Biological Detoxification Potential of Saccharomyces cervisiae against Aflatoxin B1 in Quails (Coturnix japonica)

Sakhra Mahmood, M. Younus, A. Aslam, A.A. Anjum, S. Umar, Aamerzish Mushtaq et al.

Aflatoxin B1 imparts serious public health hazards by effecting 25% of world’s food crops. To get optimum production performance from livestock and poultry, proper detoxification of AFB1 in feed is mandatory. This study was designed to analyze the biolog…

Association of ChREBP Expression and Polymorphism with Serum Biochemical Indices in Cherry Valley Duck

Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang, Yuan-Yu Qin, Lei Wu

ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein) plays a crucial role as a central regulator of lipid synthesis and glycolysis in animal liver. In this study, the relative quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that the duck ChREBP mRNA is widel…

Growth Performance, Blood Lipid Profile, Relative Organ Weight and Meat Quality of Broilers Fed Corn-Soybean Meal Based Diets Containing Graded Levels of 1,3-Diacylglycerol

Wen Chao Liu, Kwan Sik Yun, In Ho Kim

This 28-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with different levels of 1,3-diacylglycerol (1,3-DAG) on growth performance, blood lipids profiles, relative organ weight and meat quality of broilers. A total of 512 male…

Diagnosis of Late Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows by Measuring Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein and Pregnancy-Specific Protein B Levels

Osman Ergene, Isfendiyar Darbaz, Serkan Sayiner, Selim Aslan

In the study, blood and milk samples were taken from fifty-eight cows at 28, 30, 32 and 40 days after artificial insemination (AI). Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was performed on all cows on days 30 and 40 after AI. Measurements were carried out on 9 cows…

Intraspecific Diversity Analysis of Rice Frogs, Fejervarya multistriata (Anura: Ranidae), Based on mtDNA D-Loop Sequences, in Tongren, Guizhou Province, China

Zhen-Yang Wu, Guang-Xin E, Hui Ran, Da-Hui Wang, Tian-You Yang

The rice frog, Fejervarya multistriata, is an amphibian that is widely distributed in Guizhou Province, China. In this study, we determined the diversity and phylogeography of 10 geographic populations (252 individuals) from Tongren, Guizhou Province using 516…

Evidence of Brucella abortus in Non-Preferred Caprine and Ovine Hosts by Real-time PCR Assay

Muhammad Zain Saleem, Raheela Akhtar, Asim Aslam, Muhammad Imran Rashid, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry, Muhammad Adeel Manzoor et al.

The present study was conducted in Sheikhupura and Kasur districts for molecular based confirmation of B. abortus in both sheep and goats. Brucellosis in sheep and goats is caused by B. ovis and B. melitensis, respectively but B. abortus (causative agent of bo…

Pathology of Experimentally Induced Hydropericardium Syndrome in Ostrich

Attaur Rahman, Sadeeq ur Rahman, Ashfaq Ahmad, Abdul Sajid, Muhammad Asif Hussain, Mian Muhammad Salman et al.

 Pathology of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) induced by fowl adenovirus-4 (FAdV-4) in ostriches was compared with that of broiler chicken kept as standard. A 106.25/ml/bird (chicken lethal dose 50 (CLD50)) was injected to ostriches and broiler (control)…

Nutritional Evaluation of Two Sorghum Varieties in Broiler Fortified with Phytase

Asad Sultan, Rabia Ali, Rifat Ullah Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Naila Chand, Ambrina Tariq

 Poultry industry is largely based on cereals for energy component in poultry ration. However, certain anti-nutritional factors hamper the bioavailability of nutrients and need to be addressed to avoid compromised birds’ performance. The present stu…

Existing Status and Resurgence Strategies for Chinese Alligator (Alligator sinensis)

Iram Maqsood, Ke Rong

Recently merely two crocodile’s species has been enjoying this universe, and one of them is Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) who is at the edge of extinction in nature. Approximately, 130-150 individuals left in wild. Habitat loss is considered as…

Effect of Dietary Vitamin E, Selenium and Their Combination on Concentration of Selenium, MDA, and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Some Tissues of Laying Hens

Åžaban Çelebi

 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin-E (α-tocopherol acetate), selenium (selenomethionine) and their combination on Se concentration in liver, heart, kidney and breast muscle. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA…

Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Risk Factors for Bovine Subclinical Mastitis in District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan

Abdul Maalik, Shahzad Ali, Anam Iftikhar, Muhammad Rizwan, Haroon Ahmad, Iahtasham Khan

 The present study was designed to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of subclinical mastitis along with antibiotic resistance of one of the causative agent of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from…

Immunohistochemical Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha between Rat Submandibular and Sublingual Salivary Glands during Post-Natal Development

Shaher Bano, Nadia Naseem, Sarah Ghafoor

 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) is a mitogen polypeptide that regulates the pre and post-natal development, structure and function of salivary glands. The localization of TGF-α in post-natal submandibular gland (SMG) of rats and huma…

Molecular Identification and Characterization of Lactic Acid producing Bacterial Strains Isolated from Raw and Traditionally Processed Foods of Punjab, Pakistan

Sohaib Afzaal, Usman Hameed, Nasir Ahmad, Naeem Rashid, Muhammad Saleem Haider

Seventeen (17) wild strains of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) were screened, out of one hundred and forty-four (144) bacterial strains isolated from different local food groups, on the basis of stress tolerance assays. Identification of the screened stra…

Evaluation of Population Dynamics of Sucking Pests on Bt and Non Bt Cotton Cultivars

Azam Ali, Amjad Farooq

 The purpose of current study was to highlight the population dynamics of sucking pests on Bt cotton varieties (Lalazar, IUB-33, Sitara-009and MNH-988) and one non-Bt (NIAB) varieties in Multan Southern Punjab, Pakistan. During 2014 to 2016, eggs count an…

Population Size and Sex Ratio of Wintering Scaly-Sided Merganser Mergus squamatus in the Poyang Lake Water System, Jiangxi Province, China

Zhi Yijin, Shao Mingqin

 The line transect method was used to examine the population size and sex ratio of the scaly-sided merganser Mergus squamatus (the merganser) in four rivers of the Poyang Lake water system, Jiangxi province, China. Spatial and temporal variations in popul…

Evaluation of Synthetic Insecticides and Essential Oils for the Management of Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Afzal, Yasir Iftikhar, Samina Khalid, Zahoor Hussain et al.

 Citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is a destructive insect pest of citrus nurseries as well as orchards in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of some synthetic insecticides a…

The Effect of Pyrethrum and Bacillus thuringiensis Biopesticides on Diprion pini L. and Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) Larvae

Temel Göktürk, Göksel Tozlu

The larvae of the common pine sawfly (Diprion pini L.) and the European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) can cause epidemic, around the globe. Recently, an outbreak has been reported in young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in Artvin - Borçka,…

Molecular Cloning and Function Characterization in Feeding of Neuropeptide Y in Gibel Carp, Carassius auratus gibelio

Luo Lei, Xingxing Deng, Dengyue Yuan, Zonglin Zheng, Chengke Zhu, Hui Luo et al.

To elucidate the mechanism of neuropeptide Y (npy) gene in feeding in gibel carp, we cloned and identified the npy cDNA sequence. Furthermore, we examined the npy mRNA distribution in 21 tissues and investigated the effect of its expression at different nutrit…

Cloning, Expression and Characterization of Highly Active Recombinant Thermostable Cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila

Aisha Khalid, Muhammad Tayyab, Abdual Rauf Shakoori, Abu Saeed Hashmi, Tahir Yaqub, Ali Raza Awan et al.

Current study deals with the production, purification and characterization of recombinant thermostable cellulase from Thermotoga naphthophila. PCR using the genomic DNA of T. naphthophila as template resulted in amplification of 1 kb cellulase gene. The amplif…

Studies on the Physical Parameters for Cephalosporin Biosynthesis from Acremonium chrysogenum by Submerged Fermentation

Umar Farooq Gohar, Hamid Mukhtar, Ali Nawaz, Ikram-ul-Haq, Asad Mehmmood

The present study was performed to optimize physical parameters for the maximum production of antibiotic (cephalosporin) by isolated fungal strain Acremonium chrysogenum (IIB-10). The strain IIB-10 was cultivated on medium containing (%, w/v): Baker’s fl…

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Oriental Sweetlips, Plectorhinchus orientalis and Plectorhinchus vittatus (Perciformes: Haemulidae) with the Molecular Analysis on their Synonym Controversies

Rishen Liang, Meng Zhou, Zhenxiang Lin, Guozhang Li, Yuan Chen, Xuan Lin et al.

Plectorhinchus orientalis and Plectorhinchus vittatus were two species of colorful coral reef sweetlips which distribute in the areas of Indo-Western Pacific. The two species have long been considered as a synonym (oriental sweetlips) in morphology. In order t…

Interaction between MTHFR Polymorphisms and Maternal Age Increases the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Down Syndrome

S. Justin Carlus, Atiyeh M Abdallah, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi, Khalid M Al-Harbi

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is responsible for one-third of all congenital anomalies in newborns and is the most frequent cause of infant deaths. Several cohort studies show that down syndrome (DS) and CHD are associated, and maternal hyperhomocysteinemia i…

Relationship of Physico-Morphic Characters of Okra Cultivars with their Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera

Ajmal Khan Kassi, Humayun Javed, Tariq Mukhtar

Resistance to plants is often attributed to physical, morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic characteristics of the plants. As the information about the relationship between physico-morphic characteristics of commercially grown okra c…

Inter-Specific Differences in the Sensitivity, Accumulation and Antioxidant Capacities of Three Cyprinids Exposed to Heavy Metals Mixture

Fariha Latif, Muhammad Javed

The potential use of biochemical techniques along with antioxidant parameters has gained considerable attention due to their use as biomarkers to assess contaminants impact on fish at earlier level of exposure. Fish from different species has diverse ecologica…

A Hybrid Approach of Data Envelopment Analysis Based Grey Relational Analysis: A Study on Egg Yield

Hande Küçükönder, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan, Aykut Burgut, Mustafa Boğa

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of conditions of both feeding and the climate in poultry house on production performance in a commercial poultry enterprise with a hybrid approach. In accordance with this purpose, the hybrid approach has two main…

The Impact of Selected Breeding and Environmental Factors on the Efficiency of Rearing Calves

Marian Kuczaj, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Alicja Mizera, Renata Pilarczyk, Bogumiła Pilarczyk, Patryk Barton

The purpose of the paper was the analysis of the impact of selected breeding and environmental factors on the results of rearing heifers of the phf red-white variety. The research included 133 cows and heifers and their offspring, i.e. 116 calves only from sin…

Determination of Protein-Lipid Profiles in Hydrolysates Obtained from Trout Byproduct

DoÄŸukan Ölmez, Gonca Alak

The seafood processing sector contains too rich wastes in terms of protein. These wastes can be converted into different economic value products under controlled conditions. Under controlled conditions, byproducts have the potential to be converted into nutrie…

Ameliorative Effect of Zinc and Multistrain Probiotic on Muscle and Bone Characteristics in Broiler Reared under Cyclic Heat Stress

Muqader Shah, Hafsa Zaneb, Saima Masood, Rifat Ullah Khan, Salahud Din, Shakirullah et al.

 From day 22, a total of 280 day-old broiler chicks were allotted to seven groups with five replicates till 42 days. The groups were designated as T1, thermoneutral zone; T2, heat stressed (HS); T3, HS + zinc (Zn) supplementation (30 mg/kg); T4, HS + Zn (…

Immunomodulatory and Growth Promoting Effects of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) and Ascorbic Acid in Heat Stressed Broiler Chickens

Ali Raza Jahejo, Nasir Rajput, Wen-xia Tian, Muhammad Naeem, Dildar Hussain Kalhoro, Asmatullah Kaka et al.

The research was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory and growth promoting effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum) and ascorbic acid in heat stressed broiler chicken. A total of 360 (Hubbard) one-day old broilers were reared under heat stress (38 ±…

Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Hematological and Seral Biochemical Components of Fish Oreochromis mossambicus

Shehzad Ghayyur, Sadia Tabassum, Munawar Saleem Ahmad, Naveed Akhtar, Muhammad Fiaz Khan

 Effect of three concentrations (0.25, 0.75 and 1.25ppb) of chlorpyrifos administered for 96 h has been studied on hematological and seral biochemical components of Oreochromis mossambicus. RBCs, Hb and Hct decrease significantly (p < 0.05) indicating…

Vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida is a Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Technology for Better Nutrient Recovery and Organic Waste Management in Upland Areas of China

Syed Turab Raza, Zhu Bo, Zulfiqar Ali, Tang Jia Liang

 Management and recycling of organic waste materials such as agricultural crops (wheat straw, rapeseed) and animal manure (pig manure, cow dung) is becoming an important issue in rapidly growing population. Vermicomposting by earthworms (Eisenia fetida) i…

Root-Knot Nematodes Infecting Okra in Major Vegetable Growing Districts of Punjab, Pakistan

Muhammad Arshad Hussain, Tariq Mukhtar

 The lucrative production of okra throughout the globe is threatened by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). As very little information is available on the distribution of root-knot nematodes in okra plantations, therefore, in the present studies surve…

Dietary Protein Level in the Practical Diet of Yellowfin Seabream, Acanthopagrus arabicus, Juveniles for Optimum Growth Performance, Survival and Carcass Composition

Naveed Ahmad, Amjad Ali, Khan Mir Khan, Rafaqat Masroor, Noor ul Akbar, Muhammad Amin et al.

An experimental feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of dietary protein on growth performance, feed utilization, survival and carcass composition of yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus arabicus. Five semi-purified experimental diets were fo…

Comparative Efficacy of Triclabendazole, Oxyclozanide and Nitroxynil against Bovine Fasciolosis and its Effect on Various Blood Parameters

Abdul Wahaab, Muhammad Ijaz, Syed Saleem Ahmad, Umair Iqbal, Abdul Tawaab, Iahtasham Khan

A study was conducted in order to determine the comparative efficacy of Triclabendazole, Oxyclozanide and Nitroxynil against Fasciola sp. infestated bovines (cattle and buffaloes) and their effect on various blood parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT and MCHC). For t…

The Potential of Huwa-San TR50 as an Acaricide for Controlling Hyalomma dromedarii (Koch) and Hyalomma impeltatum (Schulze & Schlottke) (Acari: Ixodidae)

Saleh S. Alhewairini, Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy

In this study, an alternative control method was developed for camel tick (Hyalomma dromedarii Koch) and cattle tick (Hyalomma impeltatum Schulze & Schlottke), to replace the widely used traditional acaricides. Huwa-San TR50 is a formulation of hydrogen pe…

Effects of Biotechnologically Produced Fulvic Acid on Nutritional Status and Health Indicators of Sprague-Dawley Rats

Yang Liu, Jing-xin Mao, Xiao-dong Wei, Man Yi, Xiao-long Zhang, Ke Zheng et al.

The present study was aimed at determining the efficacy and safety value of biotechnology produced fulvic acid (BFA) as a functional feed additive. Four BFA products produced by lactobacillus, bacillus, yeast and fermented BFA from above 3 mixed bacteria were…

Effect of Two Microecological Preparations on the Breeding of White Leg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

Song Jiang, Fa-Lin Zhou, Jian-Hua Huang, Qi-Bin Yang, Li-Shi Yang

To explore the effect of microecological preparations on the growth and stress resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae, different amounts of Bacillus and Lactobacillus bacteria were added to the L. vannamei aquaculture water during seeding. Seven groups were…

Polymorphism and Allele Frequency Variation in Proximal End of Promoter and Exon 1 of Human Growth Hormone Gene in Pakistan- A Pilot Study

Madeeha Khalid, Amtul Jamil Sami

Growth hormone gene belongs to a highly polymorphic gene family whose members contain regions of very similar conserved sequences making this gene a challenging candidate to analyze. Almost 90% of the sequence of growth hormone gene family members is similar a…

Use of Factor Scores in Multiple Regression for Predicting Live Weight in Indigenous Savak Akkaraman Lambs

Adile Tatliyer, Sinan Bas, Serdar Yagci

 The objective of this study is to predict live body weight from 12 different morphological traits measured from Savak Akkaraman lambs at three different periods (average 11 days after birth, weaning and at the beginning of grazing) using factor scores in…

Commercial Fumigant Fitness and Bio-Pesticides Potential against Resistant Strains of Quarantine Insect Pests

Abdul Khaliq, Muhammad Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Afzal, Akhlaq Ahmad, Yasir Iftikhar

 Food spoilage of perishable and other grains are seriously proliferated during storage by stored grain insect pests under variable conditions. Resistance development in insect pests against fumigants is a serious threat to effective commercial use of fum…

Breast Cancer Prognostic Indicators and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism (FokI and TaqI) in Pakistani Women

Amna Younus, Mariam Faiz, Abida Yasmeen

 The aim of present study was to investigate vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI and TaqI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotypic frequency among different clinico-pathological features in Pakistani breast cancer patients. Newly di…

Identification of Circulating miRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Triple Negative Breast Cancer in the Population of Pakistan

Jawaria Shaheen, Samiah Shahid, Sabahat Shahzadi, M. Waheed Akhtar, Saima Sadaf

 Triple negative breast cancer is the heterogeneous and most aggressive known subtype of breast cancer due to absence of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptors. We aimed to identify a panel of circulating miRNAs which can act as diagnostic and prognost…

Retraction Note

    It was brought to our attention that Dr. Ghulam Abbas from Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi, Pakistan has exploited the peer-review process in the Journal of Zoology by generating fake reviewers email addresses. This…

Assessment of Genotoxicity in Lymphocytes of Active and Passive Cigarette Smokers Attenuated with Green Tea

Saleha Gul, Muhammad Khisroon, Ajmal Khan, Attaullah, Saira Gul, Gul Nabi Khan

 The well-reported carcinogens in tobacco smoke are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrosamines cause the production of DNA adducts and leading to lung cancer. However, the adverse effects of cigarette smoke on other tissues are largely unknown. We…

A Study on the Correlation of Serum Electrolytes and Trace Elements along with Associated Risk Factors in Diarrheic Buffalo and Cattle Calves

Fazal Abbas, Muhammad Ijaz, Zunaira Akhtar, Khalid Mehmood, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder, Umair Iqbal

 Diarrhea is a leading factor towards calf fatality and among common diseases of the calves worldwide which cause huge economic losses for the dairy and beef industry. For this study 120 clinically affected calves (n=60 cattle calves; n=60 buffalo calves)…

Seed Dispersal of an Endangered Kmeria septentrionalis by Frugivorous Birds in a Karst Habitat

Guo-hai Wang, Zai-xi Yang, Pan Chen, Wei-ning Tan, Chang-hu Lu

Seed dispersal and plant regeneration in particular habitats by frugivorous birds are of great concern. In this study, we recorded the bird’s seed foraging and dispersing behavior of local bird species to examine their role in dispersing seeds of Kmeria…

Diversity of Retrotransposons (Ty3-gypsy, LINEs and Ty1-copia) in Sordaria fimicola

Tazeen Jamil, Saba Ijaz, Rabia Arif, Faiza Akram, Muhammad Saleem

 Retrotransposons have become an inevitable source of genetic diversity due to their abundance in eukaryotic genomes and their insertion in coding regions leads to altered gene expression. We examined the diversity of retroelements in four consecutive gen…

Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 1 in Innate Immunity – A Review

Jie Yang

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are innate immunity proteins that are conserved from insects to mammals, recognize bacterial peptidoglycan, and function in antibacterial immunity and inflammation. Mammals have four PGRPs (PGLYRP1, PGLYRP2, PGLYRP3 a…

Pioglitazone Mediated Reduction in Oxidative Stress and Alteration in Level of PPARγ, NRF2 and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in Mouse Preimplantation Embryo during Maternal to Zygotic Transition

Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li, Nan-Zhu Fang

 Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the reasons for the slow growth of mammalian preimplantation embryos. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) functions in the nuclear regulatory factor 2 (Nrf2) an…

Thermodynamic Characterization of Kidney Superoxide Dismutase from Labeo rohita Exposed to the Mixture of Lead and Chromium

Huma Naz, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Muhammad Anjum Zia

 Toxic effect of lead (Pb)+chromium (Cr) mixture on superoxide dismutase (SOD) from kidney of Labeo rohita exposed to sub-lethal concentration for 14 days was evaluated. After purification, specific activity of enzyme was 1750.13 and 1272.72 U mg-1 in kid…

Effect of Dietary Selenium Yeast Supplementation on Morphology and Antioxidant Status in Testes of Young Goat

Iqra Bano, Moolchand Malhi, Pershotam Khatri, Saeed Ahmed Soomro, Hira Sajjad, Ambreen Leghari et al.

This experiment was done on twelve cross breed male goats of age (2-3 months) having 8-9 kg body weight. After 15 days of adaptation period, they were divided into two groups viz. control (C) and selenium yeast supplemented (SY) (n=6), respectively. Basal diet…

The Mitochondrial COI Gene Reveals the Genetic Diversity of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) in the Taiwan Strait and its Adjacent Waters

Liyan Zhang, Zhidong Zhou, Haiping Li, Yanlong Qiao, Yueping Zhang

The mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was used to evaluate the population genetics and elaborate the historical demography of Scomber japonicus collected from four geographical locations in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters. T…

Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Paradigm of Carbapenem Resistant Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Producing Gram Negative Rods

Muhammad Hidayat Rasool, Muhammad Zaheer, Muhammad Farooque Hassan, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Usman Qamar

Rapid spread of acquired Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among major Gram negative pathogens is an emerging threat and a matter of great concern worldwide. Especially increasing resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporin and carbapenems is an issue of h…