Vol.53, Iss. 2

Association between Microsatellite Polymorphism and Body Size Traits in Sonid Bactrian Camels

Jun Yan Bai, Ren Tao Di Wu, Qiang Zhang, Di Bao, Le Ma Dao, Xing Hua Tian

In this study, 17 microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of Sonid bactrian camels, and the correlation between microsatellite markers and their body size was analyzed to find microsatellite markers associated with the body size trait…

Impact of Weather Changes and Human Visitation on the Behavior and Activity Level of Captive Humboldt Penguins

Jiawei Zhang, Thomas Quirke, Shibao Wu, Shaoshan Li, Fidelma Butler

This paper describes an assessment of the Impact of weather changes and human visitation on behavior and activity level of Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) in captivity. The study is based on activity time-budgets from a flock of over 20 birds at Fota W…

Nutrient Digestibility in Labeo rohita Fingerlings Fed Citric Acid Acidified Phytase Sprayed Diet

Syed Zakir Hussain Shah, Muhammad Afzal, Mahroze Fatima, Syed Makhdoom Hussain, Tanveer Ahmed

A factorial experiment under completely randomized design was conducted by using citric acid (CA) supplementation (3 levels) and phytase (PHY) supplementation (3 levels) as the main effects. CA was supplemented at 0, 1.5 and 3% and PHY was added at 0, 750 and…

Effect of Different Environmental Stresses on the Antioxidant Capability of Air-Breathing Loach, Paramisgurnus dabryanus (Sauvage, 1878)

Yaqiu Liu, Zhijian Wang, Xinhui Li, Jianrong Zhao, Weitao Chen

The effect of oxidative stress on gill and gut enzyme activity in Paramisgurnus dabryanus was studied under different breathing restraint treatments. A total of 150 healthy mature individuals (mean initial body weight = 16.1 ± 3.7 g and mean initial tot…

In-vitro Susceptibility of Mycoplasma capricolum Subsp. capripneumoniae Pakistan Strain to Commercially Available Quinolones

Mumtazur Rahman, Farhan Anwar Khan, Umar Sadique, Ijaz Ahmad, Shakoor Ahmad, Faisal Ahmad et al.

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is a highly contagious and deadly disease of small ruminants, especially goats. It is an economically important disease, causing high morbidity and mortalit…

Population Dynamics of Echinometra mathaei (Echinoidea: Echinodermata) Found on Buleji, Pakistan, North Arabian Sea

Saima Siddique, Zarrien Ayub

The population structure of Echinometra mathaei was studied monthly from May 2011 to November 2012 at a rocky shore of Buleji, Pakistan, Northern Arabian Sea. The test diameter and total weight showed significant temporal variations. The test diameter/wet wei…

Pathology of induced Velogenic Viscerotropic Newcastle Disease (VVND) in Japanese Quail and Myna

Muhammad Faisal Ayoob, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani, Asghar Ali Kamboh, Mansoor Ayoob, Waseem Ali Vistro, Abdul Sattar Baloch

The present study was designed to investigate the pathology and transmission of experimental velogenic viscerotropic newcastle disease (VVND) in Japanese quails and mynas. Both birds were divided into Q1, Q2, Q3, M1, M2 and M3 group each of four bird. The bird…

An Updated Checklist of Bird Species in the Arjin Mountain Nature Reserve, China: Conservation Implications

Mardan Aghabey Turghan, Roller MaMing, Li Weidong, Di Jie, Xu Guohua

An updated checklist of bird species that occur in the Arjin Mountain Nature Reserve and its adjacent areas, including parts of Kunlun Mountain, Qimantagh and Kumkul Basin, is provided as part of the basic data for a second nation-wide field survey of wildlife…

Thyroid Abnormalities in Relation to Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Quetta, Balochistan

Mohsin Ali, Nargis Haider Kakar, Rida Dawood, Qurat-ul-ain Fatima, Zunera Tanveer, Shoaib Ahmad Malik et al.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is responsible for a large number of deaths worldwide, and diabetic patients are at risk of having other immune diseases including thyroid abnormalities. The current study, undertaken in collaboration with Shaikh Khalifa-Bin-Zayed Hospit…

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes between White and Black Skin Tissues by RNA-Seq in the Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries)

Zhen-Yang Wu, Li Li, Yu-Hua Fu, Sheng Wang, Qing-Ming An, Xiao-Hui Tang et al.

Tibetan sheep is one of China’s three coarse-wool sheep, the wool is mainly used for the production of Tibetan carpets and its coat color as one of important economic traits which can affect wool price directly. In this study, to investigate the function…

Amphibians and Reptiles of Sheikh Baddin National Park, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Diversity, Threats and Conservation Prospects

Hannan Nasib Hamid, Muhammad Rais, Muhammad Arif, Rubina Noor

Amphibians and reptiles hold significant position amongst the vertebrates, and play a vital role in the ecosystem. The present study reports herpetofauna of Sheikh Buddin National Park for the first time which could be used as a baseline. The national park fea…

Effects of Epidermal Growth Factor on Glutamine and Glucose Absorption by IPEC-J2 Cells Challenged by Lipopolysaccharide using the Ussing Chamber System

Xiaopeng Tang, Kangning Xiong

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on glutamine and glucose absorption of IPEC-J2 cells using the Ussing chamber system. Cells were treated with: (1) EGF (0 ng / mL) + LPS (0 μg / mL) (Control group), (2) E…

Effects of Feeding Frequency on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkia

Jin-Juan Wan, Mei-Fang Shen, Hui Xue, Hong-Yan Liu, Mei-Qin Zhang, Xi-He Zhu et al.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of feeding frequency on growth performance, antioxidant status and immunity of juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia (average weight: 3.01±0.02 g). Crayfish were randomly assigned to one of five fee…

Polymorphisms in NCF4 and SAA2 Genes and Production and Reproduction Traits of Dairy Cattle

Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska

The aim of the study was to analyze the possible influence of polymorphism in the NCF4 and SAA2 genes on selected milk and reproductive traits in the Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle (black and white variety). Analysis of genotypes of individual species was car…

Prevalence of Endo-parasites in Peafowls (Pavo cristatus) under Captivity Stress and Ameliorative Effect of Anti-Helminthic Drugs

Arnab Tanveer, Shabana Naz, Azhar Rafique, Asma Ashraf

A study was conducted to find the prevalence of endo-parasites in Pavo cristatus and the comparative efficacy of Albandazole and Levamisole against the endo parasites at three different locations viz. Jallo Wildlife Park Lahore, Wildlife Park Murree and Wildli…

Population Dynamics of Whitefly and Thrips under Different Row Spacing and Plant Density Conditions in a Cotton Field of Punjab, Pakistan

Abid Mahmood Alvi, Naeem Iqbal, Javid Iqbal, Kazam Ali, Muhammad Shahid, Waqar Jaleel et al.

In the current study, populations of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and thrips (Thrips tabaci) were observed in 2016 under three different conditions: 75 cm row to row spacing without mapiquate chloride (growth inhibitor), 30 cm row to row spacing without mapiquate…

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of E2f3b in Pig

Wentao Wang, Xu Lin, Jianshu Zhuo, Dongjie Zhang, Xiuqin Yang, Di Liu

E2F3 is an important member of E2F transcription factors and has been involved in carcinogenesis. So far, little is known on porcine E2F3. Here, we cloned the complete coding sequence (CDS) of E2F3b and identified seven alternatively spliced transcripts in pig…

Effect of Feed Quantity on Reproductive Performance and Semen Production of Broiler Breeder Males

Qianbao Wang, Zhengyang Huang, Shoufeng Li, Huayun Huang, Chunmiao Li, Zhenhua Zhao

An appropriate dietary quantity level is considered to be important in controlling body weight and improving semen quantity and quality in broiler breeder males. A total of 60 F line broiler breeder males from 20 maternal families were averagely distributed in…

Comparing the Efficacy of Multi-Source Serum for in vitro Culture of Equine Achilles Tendon Fibroblasts

Somia Shehzadi, Sana Javaid Awan, Maryam Javed, Asif Nadeem, Tahir Yaqub

In-vitro culture of equine Achilles tendon fibroblasts (ATFs) is a feasible method to study hallmarks of tendinopathy, but ATFs should be viable and grown enough. For this purpose proper medium and supplements are required, which contain suitable growth factor…

Correlation Analysis between Exon 4 of ESR1 Gene and Carcass Traits in Egg Quail

Jun Yan Bai, Zhi Hao Dong, Hui Rong Gong, Xiao Ning Lu, Zi Heng Li

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of estrogen receptor gene (ESR1) polymorphism on the carcass traits of laying quail. The polymorphism of ESR1 gene exon 4 in three laying quail populations was detected by PCR product sequencing, and the…

Application of Non-Equilibrium SPMs to Access Overexploitation Risk Faced by Scomberomorus sinensis in Shandong, China

Muhammad Mohsin, Yin Hengbin, Zhang Luyao

The fishing industry of the China is the largest in world which is usually believed to be facing overexploitation risk. In this condition, it becomes necessary to estimate stock status of fishery resources particularly having commercial importance. Thus, this…

HBA1C as a Dual Marker for the Detection of Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Disease in Type-ΙI Diabetic Subjects

Ahmad Sadiq, Muzafar Shah, Habib Ullah, Irfan Ali, Amir Alam, Navid Jalil et al.

Diabetic patients are deliberated to be at greater risk of hypertension and lipid abnormalities, which are the main cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present work revealed the role of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) for the detection of lipid profile and…

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Description of Factors Affecting Wool Fineness in Karacabey Merino Sheep using Chaid and Mars Algorithms

Yasin Altay, Saim Boztepe, Ecevit Eyduran, İsmail Keskin, Mohammad Masood Tariq, Farhat Abbas Bukhari et al.

The purpose of this study was to capture some factors affecting wool fineness (WF) in Karacabey Merino. For this goal, CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detector) tree-based algorithm implemented to construct a regression tree diagram was specified based…

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 53, Iss. 2, pp 475-481

Yonghua Liu, Xianhua Li, Xiongfei Yan, Gang Li

The yellow tortrix, Acleris fimbriana Merick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious pest on fruit trees in North China. Under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 ± 1ºC, 80 ± 5% relative humidity, photoperiod 14L:10D), the effect of the 4…

Analysis of SNP rs1800796 Association with Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Pakistani Population: A Case Control Study

Haseeb Nisar, Usman Pasha, Kiran Hanif, Rizwan Abid, Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani, Haja N. Kadarmideen et al.

Genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin 6 gene (IL-6) and its promoter regions have extensively been studied because of their potential role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Due to the confounding results, reported in several studies, we perf…

Prioritizing Sustenance of Village Ponds for Avian Conservation: A Case Study from Punjab, India

Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh, Tejdeep Kaur Kler

Ponds in farmlands are an integral component of the hydrological system; and perform diverse roles in the biosphere. The present study on ponds was carried out on avian diversity and its services of composition in relation to vegetation distribution to underst…

The Inhibition of Cell Proliferation of Bile Duct Scar Fibroblasts in Miniature Pigs by 5-fluorouracil and its Mechanism

Shikang Deng, Yan Jin, Jing Xu, Xiufang Zhu, Pinghai Hu, Jiao Li et al.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the expression of TGF-β1, cyclinD1, and CDK4 in fibroblasts of miniature pig bile duct scar model cultured in vitro. The bile duct scar fibroblasts were replicated by inci…

Prospects and Risks Related to Potential Transmission of COVID-19 and Other Viruses and Disinfection in Sewage Effluent

Ayesha Alam, Labeeb Ali

The presence of viruses in treated and untreated sewage water is a serious issue in the agricultural sector as it is highly dependent on recycled water for irrigation purposes due to the shortage of fresh water resources. In this study viruses in untreated and…

Sexual Plumage Dichromatism in Two Laughingthrush Species

Pengfei Liu, Hongxia Liu, Jiajia Xiao

The plain laughingthrush Garrulax davidi concolor (PL) and Elliot,s laughingthrush Trochalopteron elliotii (EL), are two members of family Leiothrichidae, who are both assumed sexually monomorphic. We employed reflectance spectrometry to determine the plumage…

Gastrointestinal Helminths in Large Felines from a Zoo in Malaysia

Maria Syafiqah Ghazali, Azlan Che’ Amat, Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz

In nature, wild animals live in an enormous space and usually have very low genetic resistance against parasitic infection mainly due to low exposure towards the parasites themselves. However, when herds of these wild animals are kept in captivity, or in zoolo…

Developing Microsatellite Multiplex PCR Panels for Topmouth Culter (Culter alburnus) and their Application in Parentage Assignment

Jianjun Fu, Shili Liu, Wenbin Zhu, Yongyi Jia, Lanmei Wang, Yufen Yang et al.

The topmouth culter (Culter alburnus) is an economically important fish in China. However, natural stocks have been decreasing rapidly in recent years. Genetic improvement breeding programs of C. alburnus offer an essential strategy in developing a sustainable…

Differential Cytokine Expression Analyses of Cefs and Defs Infected with H6 Influenza Virus Strains Isolated from Anseriformes in Anhui Province, China

Ye Ge, Qiucheng Yao, Hongliang Chai, Yuping Hua, Guohua Deng

Wild birds, as reservoirs of viruses, play active roles in influenza virus transmission and reassortment. To further evaluate the potential infection risk of H6 AIVs from wild birds, we inoculated these viruses into A549 cells, which showed that these wild bir…

Association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of MDR1 and OPN Genes with Reproductive Traits in Different Breeds of Sows

Yifan Ni, Jian Liu, Fen Wu, Jianfeng Cai, Jinzhi Zhang, Jianqing Hua et al.

The objective of this study was to investigate the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the Multiple Drug Resistance Gene 1(MDR1) and the Porcine Osteopotin (OPN) gene and their association with reproductive traits in Landrace, Large Yorkshire and Jinhua s…

Polymorphism and Comparative Expression Analysis of THRSP Gene in Fat-Tailed and Thin-Tailed Sheep Breeds

Q. Sun, Q. Liu, R. Di, Y. Wang, S. Gan, S. Liu et al.

Sheep is a significant agricultural animal and food source for people worldwide. The fat tail/rump is considered as an adaptive selection under harsh challenges which serves as a fat store for the animal. Thyroid hormone responsive (THRSP) is a crucial protein…

Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Demographic History of Brandt and Long Eared Hedgehogs in Iran

Ehsan Kashani, Hamid Reza Rezaei, Morteza Naderi, Nematolah Khorasani

Knowledge about the genetic diversity of the mammalian species and their plasticity in ever-changing environments is emphasized by scientists and conservation biologists. Central deserts and steppes of Iran host a different kind of insectivores like hedgehogs;…

Immunoglobulin G and Total Protein Concentration in Blood and Colostrum of Different Cattle Breeds and its Passive Transfer to Neonatal Calves

Muhammad Shafiq, Rajwali Khan, Ilyas Ali, Sadeeq Ur Rahman, Saif Ullah, Shah Jan Mohammad et al.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cattle breed type on (a) cow serum IgG and serum total protein concentration (b) colostrum immunoglobulin level and (c) their respective calves’ serum immunoglobulin and serum total protein concentrati…

Prevalence of Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma Ticks in Cattle and Associated Risk Factors in Three Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Muhammad Shoaib, Imran Rashid, Haroon Akbar, Ali Ahmad Sheikh, Shahid Hussain Farooqi, Muhammad Asif et al.

Ticks as vectors of various human, livestock and companion animal diseases are most important globally. In accordance to its economic impact the current study was conducted in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan i.e. Mardan, Kohat a…

Immunomodulatory Effect of New Castle Disease Virus on Inactivated Mycoplasma gallisepticum Vaccine Response in Broilers

Rabia Riaz, Khushi Muhammad, Masood Rabbani, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal, Aamir Riaz Khan, Sadia Sarfaraz et al.

In Pakistan the poultry sector is an important and vibrant segment of agriculture in Pakistan with a significant contribution to the national GDP (1.3%). Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes avian mycoplasmosis and is only controlled through mass vaccination.…

Association between Myogenin Gene Polymorphism and Slaughter Traits of Meat Quails

Jun Yan Bai, Kun Peng Shi, Xiao Ning Lu, Xiao Hong Wu, Xue Yan Fu, Heng Cao et al.

To recognize molecular markers of slaughter performance of quail, SNP in control regions of cytogenin gene (MyoG) 5’ in French giant quail, and Savimit quailwas detected by PCR-SSCP method in this study. Moreover, correlations of control regions of MyoG…

The Effect of Environmental Factors on the Morphological Variation of the Common Pheasant, Phasianus colchicus in China

Fangqing Liu, Jared Atlas, Chaohao Du, Anoop Das, Longying Wen

This study aims to assess morphological variation of the ring-necked or common pheasant Phasianus colchicus across mainland China in response to environmental factors. We collected 399 pheasant and divided them into two groups: high altitude (>1500m) and lo…

The Path Forward: Conservation of Climate Change-Affected Breeding Habitat of Red-crowned Cranes near Zhalong Reserve, China

Minghao Gong, Shiliang Pang, Zhongyan Gao, Wanyu Wen, Ling Zhang, Gang Liu et al.

The endangered red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis, RCC) has the smallest population of all Chinese cranes, and is also susceptible to climate change because of its large body size, short migration distance, and specialized diet. We examined climate change-indu…

Biodiversity of Culicidae Mosquitoes in District Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Muhammad Shahbaz, Nosheen Farooq, Abu ul Hassan Faiz, Arshad Javid, Irfan Baboo, Misbah Shoukat et al.

Present study explored the biodiversity of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in the district of Bagh, and at some adjoining areas, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, during the period May 2017 to October 2017. The specimens were identified under the binocular microscope by…

Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Drinking Water of Springs of Sherqilla, District Ghizer, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Nadia Islam, Khalil Ahmed, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Mujtaba Khalil, Ishtiaq Hussain, Muhammad Ali et al.

This study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological status of drinking water of Mishto uch (good spring) and Bar (big spring) springs of Sherqilla village, District Ghizer during winter and spring seasons. A total of twenty one sampl…

Foraging and Day-roosting Sites Selection by the Endangered Brown-eared Pheasant Crossoptilon mantchuricum during Autumn in the Huanglong Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China

Hongqun Li, Xiaoli Liu, Zongxian Han, Shabin Wu, Changlei Cao

Understanding animal habitat selection is significant for informed conservation management actions. The autumn foraging and day-roosting site selection of the brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) was studied in Huanglong MountainsNature Reserve, Sh…

Effect of Quercetin on Rhinitis via Inflammatory Pathway

Yuan Xing, Congming Tan, Yan Luo, Wenjun Liu

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease, characterized by reversible goblet cells, smooth muscle hyperplasia, airflow obstruction, hyperactivity enhanced, ultra-structural remodeling, and airway mucus production. The current experimental study was aime…

Effects of Dietary Aqueous Extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver on Growth, Muscle Composition, Amino Acid Composition and Fatty Acid Composition of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Li Yao, AnQing Zhang, HaiYan Zhang, Jian Shao, Ming Wen, ChangAn Wang et al.

The study was to investigate effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) bark aqueous extract on growth performance and nutritional composition of rainbow trout (145.56 ± 4.12 g) (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed five different diets, including 0 (EUO-0),…

Effects of Different Equilibration Times on Post-Thaw Cryopreserved Semen Quality of Cattle and Buffalo Bulls

Adnan Khan, Rifat Ullah Khan, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Muhammad Mobashar, Ali Gohar, Shakoor Ahmad et al.

Nine mature bulls were selected in three (n=9) different groups (Holstein Fresian, Jersey and Nili Ravi) to find out equilibration time (T1, 2 h; T2, 6 h and T3, 6 h) effects on different semen quality parameters. Highest sperm progressive motility, sperm plas…

Comparison of Body Height, Body Length, Full Length and Body Weight Growth Curves of the Longfin Batfish, Platax teira

Chen Zeng, Baosuo Liu, Kecheng Zhu, Liang Guo, Huayang Guo, Nan Zhang et al.

To study the growth and development rules of the longfin batfish Platax teira, three nonlinear models, logistic, Gompertz and Bertalanffy, were used in the study to fit and analyse the body height, body length, full length and body weight growth curves of the…

Prevalence, Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance Pattern of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 among Injecting Drug Users in Lahore, Pakistan

Saima Yaqub, Tahir Yaqub, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Asif Nadeem, Aziz-Ul-Rahman, Muhammad Furqan Shahid et al.

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) is common among injecting drug users (IDUs), and HIV-1 positive IDUs may have potential of HIV transmission among general population through different ways. Therefore, an understanding towards current status of HIV preval…

Classification of Muraenesocidae (Actinopterygii: Anguilliformes) in the East China Sea using Morphological and DNA Barcoding Approaches

Chaojie Yang, Haishan Wang, Le Ye, Zhi Chen

The identification of species constitutes the basic step in phylogenetic studies, biodiversity monitoring and conservation. The morphological descriptions and DNA barcoding study about Muraenesocidae in the East China Sea were old, rough and deficient. Morphom…

Polymorphism of SYNE2 Gene and its Association with Litter Size in Small Tail Han Sheep

Zhilong Tian, Yuqin Wang, Jishun Tang, Mingxing Chu

To elucidate the association between polymorphism of SYNE2 and litter size in sheep and provide a new locus for marker-assisted selection of high fecundity traits in sheep. A total of 384 small tail han sheep (STH) were sampled to detect single nucleotide poly…

Curative Effect of Mifepristone Combined with Guizhifuling Capsule in the Treatment of Uterine Fibroids

Yongmei Gao, Peihong Gao, Yanjun Wang, Jinhua Han, Yang Shu

Theobjective of the study was to observe the effect of mifepristone combined with Guizhifuling capsule in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Patients (160) diagnosed and treated for uterine fibroids in our hospital were enrolled as research objects. The patien…

Combined Therapy with Rosiglitazone, Rofecoxib and Celecoxib Enhances Cardiovascular Side Effects through Cytochrome P450 Pathway of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Diabetic Arthritis Model Rats

Xuya Zhou, Ying Liu, Deqin Xu, Jie Bao, Yaru Cao, Yong Jin

Many drugs increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as thiazolidine diketone: rosiglitazone, selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors: rofecoxib, celecoxib. This study was aimed to find out whether unification of two drugs would increase cardiovasc…

First Record of Eotragus noyei from the Late Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan

Abdul Majid Khan, Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Ayesha Iqbal, Hafiza Imrana Naz, Amtur Rafeh et al.

The present paper reports the first record of Eotragus noyei from the late Miocene deposits of Dhok Pathan Formation, Chakwal, Pakistan. The sample comprises maxillary and mandibular fragments along with isolated upper and lower teeth. The morphometric analysi…