Citation | Thannithi W, Intawicha P, Kongmuang N, Inyawilert W, Tiantong A, Saengwong S (2025). Understanding smallholder beef production: cost structures, market channels, and pathways to enhanced profitability. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 13(1): 16-25. DOI | https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2025/13.1.16.25