Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
... contamination status of aflatoxin B1 in cotton seed cake, wanda, wheat bran and homemade concentrate mixture of dairy goats was investigated in district Lahore of Pakistan. A total of Twenty 20 goat farms were randomly selected and out of that 40 feed samples 2 from each farm were collected in the month of April. All the samples were analysed for the determination of aflatoxin B1 by using reverse phase High Performance Liqu...
Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen
...esigned to alleviate the aflatoxin-B1 toxicity by the use of 0.5% calcium bentonite clay and to evaluate its effect on the growth performance of Nile tilapia over a period of 10 weeks. Inclusion of AFB1 at both 2 and 4 ppm levels significantly (p<0.05) decreased specific growth rate (SGR), net weight gain (NWG), average daily gain (ADG), survival, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PRE), irrespective the addition of the 4...
Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2
...iled maize fodder. Total aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) analysis showed that AFB1was present with high frequency in fresh (37.5%) and ensiled (41.66%) fodder, with an average concentration of 9.49 and 8.36ng/g respectively. Aflatoxin B2 was detected in only two samples (16%) (1.2 and 1.3ng/g), aflatoxin G1 and G2 were not found. Ochratoxin A was found more fr...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...ving capacity to produce aflatoxin was investigated in this study. Finished commercial broiler feed samples (n=96) were collected from broiler chicken farms in and around Quetta district. Physical properties i.e. moisture and pH were determined by oven drying and pH meter, respectively. Viable fungal count of the feed samples was estimated by using spread plate technique. Identification of fungal isolates was carried out on the basis of cultural and mor...
Munir Ahmad* and Asif Ali Mirani**
HEATED AIR DRYING OF GROUNDNUT
...he chance for developing aflatoxins in it is high. To solve this problem of the groundnut growers, a low cost mobile flat-bed dryer designed and developed at Agricultural and Biological Engineering Institute (ABEI), National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad was evaluated for drying groundnut. The dryer had been found capable to dry about 1818 kg groundnut from 23.3% moisture content to 14% within 2.4h. On average the groundnut drying rate was 3.9% per h...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3
...investigated. Chicks fed aflatoxins (group B) alone manifested significantly reduced feed consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, no variation in weight gain and FCR was found between the controls (A, B and C) and mycotoxin binders fed groups (experimental group E and F). Significantly reduced geometric mean titer (GMT) was recorded for birds fed aflatoxins alone. However, difference in the calculat...
Sakhra Mahmood1, M. Younus1, A. Aslam1, A.A. Anjum2, S. Umar3, Aamerzish Mushtaq3 and M.L. Sohail4,*
NaseemZahra1,2,*, Nadia Jamil1, Sajid Rashid Ahmad1, Imran Kalim2, MuhammadKhalid Saeed2, Ijaz Ahmed2, Qurat-ul-ain Syed2 and Soniya Munir1
... Overall 58% and 100% of aflatoxin contamination in branded and non-branded milk samples were found, respectively. The quantities of AFM1 in 58% of branded milk samples and 95% of non-branded milk samples were found beyond permissible limits of 50 ppt as set by European Union. The most pathetic condition of non-branded milk samples was found in Shalimar Town of Lahore which showed highest levels of aflatoxin M1 i.e. 2...
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
... carcinogenic metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and to investigate the effects of low doses of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on physiological biomarkers with special reference to udder health and serum parameters of lactating goats. Thirty two lactating Beetal goats of 3-4 y age, weighing 40.91±0.285, were randomly selected, and equally divided into four groups. Group A was kept as control while animals of groups B...
Amna Shoaib*, Zoia Arshad Awan and Naureen Akhtar
...an 30% yield losses. The aflatoxins producer Aspergillus minisclerotigenes and Aspergillus flavus are morphologically similar species that belong to the Aspergillus section Flavi. A. minisclerotigenes and A. flavus were isolated from soybean and okra seeds, respectively. The isolated species were first identified morphologically. ITS1–5.8S–ITS4 primers sequence and amplification of ISSR nucleotide sequences...
Iftikhar Jan* and Sahib Alam
...screened for their total aflatoxin production in corn meal agar medium by using ELISA technique. The results showed that isolate AFS32 produced highest level of total aflatoxin (230.78 µg Kg-1) while isolates AFS5, AFS17, AFS25 and AFS33 produced no aflatoxin. These nonaflatoxigenic isolates were considered as isolates of interest and could be used as biocontrol agent in agricultural...
Ameliorative Effect of GSPE Against AFB1 Induced Immunotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Japanese Quail
Maha Khalil1, Gamal Shams2, Hosny Abdel Fadil2, Nagah Edrees2, Mostafa Abonorag1, Nasser El-Sabbagh3, Eman A. Ahmed4*
...tal effects triggered by aflatoxin B1 in Japanese quail. Four groups of Japanese quail birds were fed either a basal diet (control), basal + 1mg/kg AFB1 (AFB1 diet), basal+ 500 mg/kg GSPE (GSPE diet), or basal+ 1mg/kg AFB1+ 500 mg/kg GSPE (AFB1+GSPE diet) for 5 weeks. Biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological investigations were assessed. GSPE supplementation alleviated AFB1-induced hepatotoxicity as reflecte...
Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1, Atta Hussain Shah1*, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Laghari2, Ghulam Shabir Bahram1, Muneer Ahmed Jamali1, Tarique Ahmed Khokhar1
...ere are various forms of aflatoxin (AF) occurring in foods of plant origin (B1, B2, G1, and G2) and animal origin (M1 and M2). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a geno-toxic carcinogen and is less lethal but it is still cytotoxic. The present study was conducted on prevalence and quantification of AFM1 in raw buffalo milk in Sindh province. A total of three hundred and fifteen raw milk samples (n=315) from dairy farms of three regions ...
Shomaila Sikandar1*, Imran Afzal1 and Sadaf Sarfraz2
... been identified, while, aflatoxins, fuminisons, ochratoxins, trichothecenes and zearalenone are the major mycotoxins infecting food and feed crops. Consumption of food contaminated with these mycotoxins can cause severe toxicity in human and animals. Members of these fungal genera Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp., are major mycotoxins producers in food and feed crops. Mycotoxins thrive in high-temperature, humid environments, and they can...
Reda Hassan*, Bahaa Abou-shehema, Sherif Zayed, Micheal Gorgy, Shama Morsy, El-Sayed Abu El-Hassan, Mahmoud El-Gbaly, Hanaa Basuony, Ebtehal Hassan
...1%) on the preclusion of aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) toxicity in broiler chicken during 1 – 42 days of age. Eight hundred broiler chicks were arbitrarily assigned for 8 treatments of 5 replicates (each contained 20 chicks). On the other hand, chickens were offered the basal dietas Negative Control (NC, group 1); the other three groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed NC supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS, SC and HSCAS plus SC respectively, group 5 chicks were fed a basal diet con...
Behari Lal Meghwar1*, Attaullah Khan1, Imran Ali Lakhiar1, Asif Ali Mirani2, Muhammad Siddique Daper1 and Muhammad Waseem Kalroo1
...y T3. However, the total aflatoxin content of T1, T2, and T3 were 1.4, 3.0, and 2.7 ppb, respectively. The measured values were below the recommended values of the aflatoxin. Based on the experiment result, it was concluded that the T2 and T2 drying methods are a better alternative for open sun drying and ensure product quality. These methods are not subjected to the weather conditions like the rainy season....
Saad Zaghlou El-Damrawy1, Reda Ali Hassan2*, Ahmed Maher Bakhaty1, Adel M. Nasr2, El-Sayed A. Abu El-Hassan2
...holine chloride) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as the impacts of AFB1 on the growth performance, liver weight, haematological, and serum biochemical responses of broiler chicks. Six nutritional treatment groups with equal numbers of birds each were created. In a randomized complete block design experiment, each group contained 100 birds in five repetitions and was assigned to one of the six feeding regimens. Experimental groups included: (1) Negative co...
KHADIJA SUMMIA*1, ROHEELA YASMEEN*2, ALEEM UN NISA3, SAMIA DJEFFAL4 & TAHIRA JABEEN1
...onducted to quantify the aflatoxins in bovine feed provided to cattle found in and around Lahore. Total 50 samples were collected from two different localities of Lahore and categorized in two groups: Group A (Raiwind, 30 samples), Group B (Bedian Road, 20 samples). All samples were analyzed for estimation of aflatoxins level using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The results showed that out of 50 samples, 20 (40 %) w...
M.A. Farag*, Abeer, E. Mansour* and s.M.
Samia S. Alkhalil1, Faisal Al-Sarraj2, Abeer S. Aloufi3, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh4, Mamdoh S. Moawadh4, Fayez M. Saleh5, Majid Al-Zahrani6, Waheeb Aggad7, Youssef S. Alghamdi8, Mutaib M. Mashraqi9, Saleh Alshamrani9 and
Mona H. Soliman10,11*
...ublic health. Control of aflatoxins is necessary to avoid the health hazards in human and animals. Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus licheniformis as a novel feed additive for control of aflatoxicosis. A total of 40 rats were equally divided into the four groups. The first group (BD) was kept as control, treated with basal diet. In second group (AF), the rats were treated with aflatoxins (28 &mi...
Rafiullah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1*, Muhammad Ilyas Khan2, Anwar Ali3, Imtiaz Ali Shah1 and Sohaib ul Hassan4
Zahraa Ahmed Khlaf*, Alfred S. Karomy, Qutaiba Jassim Gheni
...in the concentrations of aflatoxin and ochratoxin compared to the other treatments. Additionally, all ozone gas treatments led to a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in T-2 toxin concentration compared to the control. In terms of production traits, birds fed with T3 feed showed a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in average live body weight and weight gain rate compared to the control group (T1). Moreover, a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in feed ...
Roheela Yasmeen1*, Sadia Amjad1 and Naseem Zahra2
...e industry attributed to aflatoxins (AFs), which also pose serious health risks. Various research efforts are underway to improve storage methods and reduce AF contamination. In this study, white and brown rice samples were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination and treated for detoxification. A total of 50 samples, 30 white rice and 20 brown rice were collected from different areas in and around Lahore, Pakistan.
Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani1,2*, Atta Hussain Shah1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Gul Bahar Khaskheli1, Zubair Ahmed Leghari3 and Qudratullah Kalwar2
...w-quality feed specially aflatoxin contaminated cottonseed cake by dairy animals carry over the aflatoxins through milk and causing health problems (aflatoxicosis) to consumers. The present study was conducted with the objective to check the suitable binder through in-vitro experiments as aflatoxin level may be controlled in cottonseed cake. All the collected samples were transported asept...
Dina Al-Shinawy1*, Reda E.M. Moghaieb2, Sara B. Awaly2, Gihan El-Moghazy1 and Dalia S. Ahmed2
...s is known for producing aflatoxins (AFs), which are harmful mycotoxins that can spoil food crops and represent significant health risks to animals and humans. The aim of this study was to analyze fifty samples of livestock and poultry feed to identify mycotoxigenic fungi at both morphological and molecular levels, focusing on their toxigenic potential and genetic diversity. Out of the samples tested, six were confirmed as Aspergillus flavus using internal tra...
Hebat–Alla Adel Alhamdani1, Mohammed Ali Shahooth2, Nihad Abdul-Lateef Ali3, Baraa Hameed Mousa2, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini3*
... diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on some physiological traits and immunological responses. Seventy-two laying hens, 45 weeks old (Lohman Brown), were randomly assigned to six treatments with four replicates per treatment (three hen/replicate). The experiment was carried out in cages. Birds in T1 fed basal diet without addition, birds in T2 fed basal diet contaminated with AFB1 200 ppb, birds in T3 fed basal diet contaminated with AFB1 200 ppb + com...
Odda J. 1 Aliero A.A. 2 Waako P. 3 Obua C. 4 Kabasa J.D. 5
Volume 2, Issue 5 September and October 2018 Pages 75-84
...gical analysis and total aflatoxins levels in this Ugandan shoot powder of P. amarus is still lacking. The microbiological analysis was determined according to the procedures recommended in WHO guidelines. Total aflatoxins were determined using Afla Test Kit, VICAM Series (South Africa). In terms of microbial analysis, the herbs were prepared based on indigenous knowledge according to the WHO criteria. Although this herbal s...
Habtamu Tedila1*; Addisu Assefa1; Feto Haji1
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal (2019), 3(1): 190-203
...nt-size: 11pt;">produces aflatoxins which act both as toxins and carcinogens, and can potentially contaminate foods. A. clavatus causes allergic disease of human; its symptoms include; fever, cough chest pain or breathlessness. Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the most effective human pathogens; it causes seve...
Dambolachepa, H.B.1*; Muthomi, J.W.1; Mutitu, E.W.1; Njoroge, S.M.2
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal (2019), 3(3): 396-414
...p;The increased cases of aflatoxin contamination are exacerbated by poor post-harvest management practices, coupled with adverse climatic conditions at harvest and post-harvest stages. This study therefore was carried out to improve safety and quality of groundnuts from aflatoxin contamination, through use of proper postharvest handling practices. Specifically the study determined the effects of harvesting dates and drying m...
Bahauddeen Dandashire Salisu1*; Ibrahim Raubilu Almajir2
Novel Research in Microbiology Journal (2020), 4(1): 653-665
... aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins. A total of 15 poultry feed samples from 3 major producing companies were purchased from retailers, and then cultured for fungal isolation on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with Cycloheximide. Fungal colonies were identified using standard mycological techniques. The samples were further extracted using a methanol-water solvent (v/v) 1:2, and the extracts were analyzed for the presence of af...
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