Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
...were evaluated in choice bioassays in laboratory and field conditions. In force feeding field bioassays, least mass loss was recorded on D. sissoo (0.19±0.07g) and maximum on P. euramericana (1.50.1g). Under choice laboratory trials, maximum mass loss difference was recorded on pair of P. euramericana and D. sissoo (0.89±0.05 and 0.14±0.01g), whereas, minimum mass loss differe...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
...tration in a free choice bioassays. Acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether and ethanol were used for extraction from leaves. Amongst the various treatments applied, the acetone extract of D. alba showed the highest repellency of 84.14%, whereas, the lowest repellency of 10.73% was observed by the chloroform extract of T. peruviana. Significant ovipositional deterrent effects of the extracts applied have been observed. Maximum oviposition inhibition...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
...d via diet incorporation bioassays. Based on median lethal concentration (LC50) values, all the strains of S. oryzae and R. dominica were more susceptible to spinosad than T. castaneum strains. The resistance ratios (RRs) of field strains at LC50 values were in the range of 2.24 to 3.24 fold for T. castaneum, 3.33 to 9.00 fold for R. dominica, and 1.73 to 3.45 fold for S. oryzae. The results revea...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...asitism. In vitro bioassays were used to evaluate the efficacy of T. hamatum and difenoconazole alone or its combinations against S. sclerotiorum. The results showed that T. hamatum could infect and destroy the mycelia and sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum by mycoparasitism. The cell-free culture supernatant and ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, with EC50 v...
Dilara A. Bukhari1,*, Naureen Fatima1 and Abdul Rehman2
...rstuki. The toxicity bioassays with B.t. spores proved that seven B.t. isolates harboring cry11 gene (viz., NF B.t.,1,2,3,4,5,6,7) were toxic to 3rd instar larvae of mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Among seven B.t. isolates, three isolates NF5 B.t. 7.2, NF1 B.t. 1.1 and NF2 B.t. 4.2 were found most toxic which were isolated from moist soil containing decaying cattle waste, dry waste ...
Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Javeria Choudhary1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sohail Ahmed2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
...r larvae. Two laboratory bioassays, leaf dip bioassay (LDB) and topical bioassay (TB) were developed to check the efficacy of tested chemicals and essential oils. As seen from results, abamectin showed significant mortality (63.5%) of CLM larvae when topical bioassay was performed. Similarly, the percent mortality of CLM larvae was 53.8% after application of abamectin, when leaf dip bioassay technique was used. However, among tested botanicals, Azadirachta<...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...days before Olfactometer bioassays. For D. rapae, mummified aphidswere collected from wheat crop. Naive females were subjected to olfactometer tests. Seven different combined treatments of semiochemicals and plant extract were applied on filter paper strips at 3% concentration. The filter paper strips were placed in arms of olfactometer. The control arms were treated with n-hexane. Data pertaining to preference of C. septempunctata and D. rapa...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...od was used for toxicity bioassays according to Completely Randomized Design. Mortality of mealybug individuals varied with plant materials and increased along with the extract concentration and exposure time. Botanical extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Gardenia jasminoides (gardenia) were the most effective with minimum LC50 (20.00 and 42.19%, respectively) and LT50 (47.97 and 71.26 h, respectively) values followed ...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...led that in all types of bioassays, V-3 isolate was the most virulent and its filtrate application was found to be the most effective against M. persicae.
... 
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
...oth contact and residual bioassays. When sprayed directly (contact bioassay), all of tested low-risk pesticides mortality of 85.2-100% to P. persimilis except DE. All of tested low-risk pesticides were moderately harmful to N. fallacis and S. punctillum causing 30.5-83.6% and 34.6-78.6% mortality, respectively. All of the tested low-risk pesticides were harmless to slightly harmful in the residual toxicity bioassay causing 6.8% - 39.4% mor...
Muhammad Shahzad Akbar*, Maria Aslam, Muhammad Rehan Khalid, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
Meriem Msaad Guerfali1,*, Heitham Hamden1, Salma Fadhl1, Wafa Djobbi1, Lotfi Sillini1, Wafa Marzouki1 and Mohammed Ammar2
...ed to ingestion toxicity bioassays of malathion and spinosad at different concentrations. Histopathological effects of spinosad were also studied and showed that for doses up to LC50, annoying effects begin to appear in glial and neurosecretory cells. The LC50 for malathion was 75.61 ppm for the pop...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Shahzad Akbar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Mustaqeem2, Muhammad Luqman3, Ijaz Asghar4 and Muhammada Asam Riaz1
... toxicity and repellency bioassays according to completely randomized design. The response of termite workers varied with plant species, botanical concentration and exposure time. The extracts of Azadirachta indica (neem) and Nerium indicum (oleander) appeared to be most effective against the termites with minimum LC50 (6.35 and 10.38%, respectively) and LT50 (12.11 and 17.49 h, respectively) values, followed by the extract ...
Muhammad Yasir*, Mansoor ul Hasan, Muhammad Sagheer, Amer Rasul, Rameesha Amjad Ali and Habib ur Rehman
Evaluation of Spinosad Applied to Grain Commodities for the Control of Stored Product Insect Pests
...ntinuous darkness. Seven bioassays were conducted by releasing the insects on treated commodities after different post treatment periods (0,1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 months). The mortality of three insect species was recorded at tested concentrations in all the treated commodities after the exposure period of 3 and 7 days. Overall results of all bioassays show that residual efficacy of spinosad was reduced with the increase of pos...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...olites change and insect bioassays using Plutella xylostella larvae as the host resulted in the isolation of a collection of mutants with increased virulence. One mutant, designated, MlUV-40b showed ＃3.3-fold increase in virulence as compared to the wild type parent, with an LC50 = 0.3 ×105 conidia/...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar*, Sania Waliat, Shafaat Yar Khan, Naila Amjad
...eration were used in the bioassays. The results showed that LC50 for the lab strain against bifenthrin and dimethoate was 11.068 µg/ml and 8.879 µg/ml, respectively. LC50 for field strains, Bhalwal L1 and L2, against bifenthrin was 96.184 µg/ml and 130.903 µg/ml, respectively whereas against dimethoate it was 74.340 µg/ml and 84.531 µg/ml, respectively. The resistance ratios for field strains of locations 1 and 2 against bif...
Muhammad Shakil Ahmad1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sylvain Nafiba Ouedraogo2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1
...otato cultivars. Feeding bioassays revealed that all parameters including leaf weight loss, larval weight gain, relative food consumption and growth rates and conversion efficiency of the ingested food were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Exotic potato cultivars Diamant, Desiree and Asterix exhibited maximum leaf consumption and larval weight gain (i.e. 264.61, 259.37 and 233.01 mg and 121.46, 120.17, 120.13 mg, respectively) concomitantly with maximu...
Hassan Ali1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1* and Muhammad Imran Hamid2
...f T. granarium. Toxicity bioassays revealed that the extracts of Citrus reticulata L. and Solanum nigrum L. were most effective against T. granarium causing significantly higher larval mortality (35 – 40%) than other botanical treatments. Similarly, the highest concentration (15%) of C. reticulata extract exhibited maximum repellency (88%) of larvae, followed by Datura stramonium (84%) and Azadirachta indica (79%) at 24 h post-exposure. Regarding
Tiyyabah Khan1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Muhammad Rizwan Khan1, Muhammad Umer1, Adnan Akhter1 and Waseem Akram2
Muhammad Ismail1,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Umair Abbas1 and Riaz Hussain2
... and no-choice fruit-dip bioassays. Results revealed a significant reduction of pupal weight and adult emergence of B. dorsalis by 4% extracts of A. indica, A. sativum and C. aurantifolia. Moreover, a significantly higher male to female adult sex ratio was observed in case of A. indica treatment. It is concluded from overall study results that the extracts of A. indica and C. aurantifolia exhibited significant anti-insect effects on the pupal recovery, pupal w...
Ahmed S.M.H. EL Roby
...>
New Jersey). The bioassays were carried out on Petri dishes containing parts of pumpkin infested with adult females
of S. sacchari, and were sprayed with EPN juveniles. Results showed that H. bacteriophora strain (EKB20) and
Heterorhabditis sp (EIK) were more efficient with higher pathogenicity and virulence in the laboratory than the
other strains and gave the highest corrected mortality percentage in the infestatio...
Hina Safdar1,2*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed3, Arif Mehmood3 and Muhammad Arshad4
...hotorhabdus spp. In both bioassays, mortality was increased along with the exposure time and reached 100% in all S. litura larval instars at fourth day post-treatment. Findings of this in-vitro study demonstrate that EPNs and their symbiotic bacterial isolates would be effective biorational control tools against S. litura....
Ferzana Bhatti1, Fiaz Hussain2, Zain ul Abdin1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Saqi Kosar Abbas2 and Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir3
Nimra Javaid1, Mukhtar Hussain Shah1, Iqra Haider Khan2, *Arshad Javaid2 and Syed Muhammad Waleed1
... were used in laboratory bioassays. ANOVA revealed the significant effect of plant part bioassay and extract concentration on germination as well as various root and shoot growth parameters. Leaf extract was found as the most herbicidal where a 10% extract completely inhibited the germination and growth of parthenium. Root and inflorescence extracts were also highly inhibitory in suppressing the germination up to 89% and 95%, shoot length up to 80% and 89%, ro...
Iqra Haider Khan1 and *Arshad Javaid1
...n was used in laboratory bioassays. n-Butanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity followed by chloroform and n-hexane fractions causing 68–82%, 52–82% and 42–82% decrease in biomass of A. flavipes. Ethyl acetate showed a moderate antifungal potential whereas aqueous fraction showed the least antifungal activity causing 47–76% and 38–73% reduction in fungal biomass, respectively. This study concludes that n-butanol frac...
Ortrud Jaeck,Martin Weis,Roland Gerhards,Alexander Menegat,Hanwen Ni
Nasim Akhtar, Himayat Husssain Naqvi and Farrukh Hussain
...ther species used in the bioassays. The toxicity in both the cases increased with increasing concentration and soaking time. Cinhrus had more allopathic potentiality than Chrysopogon. The toxicity in both the cases was species slated. The possible effect of allelopathy of these grasses is discussed in relation to the vegetation dynamics....
Muhammad Qasim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Umair Abbas1, Mehar Zubair Shehzad1 and Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,2
... Filter paper disc-based bioassays revealed that all insecticides showed a significant impact (P < 0.001) on the mortality of C. heimi workers and this mortality response was directly proportional to insecticidal concentrations and exposure times. Significantly higher mortality was recorded by chlorpyrifos (100.0%) and fipronil (95.0%) at 72 h post-exposure with minimum LC50 values of 1.29 and 2.04%, respectively. Similar trend of effectiveness was exhibite...
Hamayun Arshad1, Muhammad Waris2,3 and Qurratulann Afza Gardner1*
...slight modification. The bioassays were performed in triplicate and LC50 was calculated by applying log probit analysis. In conclusion, we found that S-layer protein of L. sphaericus Q001 was effective against the tested larvae with LC50 values of 8.5 µg/ml and 16.1 µg/ml against Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. stephensi larvae respectively. Furthermore, field trials can reveal the true potential of this protein as bioinsecticide....
Pakistan Journal of Zoology
November
Featuring
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Morphometric Measurements, Gonopod and Gonopores Appearances in Early Sexual Crablet Stage of Scylla paramamosain (Estampador, 1949)
Muhammad Nur Syafaat, Che Zulkifli Che-Ismail, Adnan Amin-Safwan, Mohamad N. Azra, Mohammad Syahnon, Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi and Mhd Ikhwanuddin
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 759-766
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Preparation of High Selenized Gastrodia elata Blume Polysaccharide and its Immunomodulatory Effects on RAW264.7 Cells and Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice
Fengwei Ma, Qihua Wen, Qingfang Deng, Yihao Lu, Buyan Zhang, Yongyou Cheng and Su Xu
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 747-758
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Freshwater Fish Biodiversity in Liangzi Lake
Ke Li, Hai Liu, Jiangang Zhou, Hongbing Chen and Zhengxiang Wang
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 737-745
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Histopathological and Molecular Analyses of Leptospira borgpetersenii and Leptospira interrogans in Bovine Kidneys in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman, Siew Zee Ong, Iman Natasha Sofea Jafri, Dayangku Umi Aqilah Pengiran-Isa, Mohamad Sabri Abdul-Rahman, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan, Thilini Nisansala, Soon Heng Goh, Siti Nur Haslina Mamat, C.W. Salma C.W. Zalati, Sazaly AbuBakar and Shih Keng Loong
Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 727-736
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