Khalid Usman, Aziz-Ur-Rehman
...was conducted on a silty clay soil at Agricultural Research Institute, Ratta Kulachi, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, during 2010–2011. The effects of three tillage systems as main plot factor and four split N fertilizer application timings as subplot factor were studied in a randomized complete block design with split plot application. The results revealed that zero tillage had higher spikes m-2, 1000 grain weight and biological yield compared to other till...
Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain
...nd transplanted in 20 cm clay pots in July. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors replicated three times. Different levels of potassium (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg pot-1) and maleic hydrazide (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) were used. The results revealed that potassium levels significantly influenced all the parameters except the stem diameter. Minimum days to flowering (118.1), maximum plant height (45.83 cm), number of lea...
Abida Saleem, Sajida Parveen and Muhammad Jamal Khan
...Piedmont alluvium, silty clay loam, Ustochrept]. The Zn adsorption capacity was determined by adding 50 ml of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mg Zn L-1 (initially Zn applied, IZnA) to 5 g soil with absence (non-treated) or to soil pretreated with FYM, PM or BC at rate of 10 g kg-1. The suspension was shaken on horizontal shaker for 20 h continuously to assess the equilibrium Zn concentration (EZnC). The difference between the IZnA and EZnC was assumed t...
Muhammad Shafiq and Tahir Maqsood
...e sorption of B on sandy clay loam soil. Freundlich model depicted superior fitness of the sorption (r2=0.99) statistics than Langmuir model (r2=0.75). Ten B treatments (0, 0.47, 0.81, 1.42, 1.57, 1.95, 2.35, 2.66, 3.1, 3.3 kg ha-1) were applied with recommended N, P and K doses. Boron was applied at sowing time as basal dose. The results showed that there was a positive effect of fertilizer B on grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain turn out however, th...
Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen
...f 0.5% calcium bentonite clay and to evaluate its effect on the growth performance of Nile tilapia over a period of 10 weeks. Inclusion of AFB1 at both 2 and 4 ppm levels significantly (p<0.05) decreased specific growth rate (SGR), net weight gain (NWG), average daily gain (ADG), survival, feed intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PRE), irrespective the addition of the 4TX in the diets. Among different dietary groups of the fish...
Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das
Population proliferation and spread of Trichoderma spp. in soil under two different delivery systems
..., solarised and natural) clay loam soil at 50% water holding capacity (pH 6.5) was studied both under laboratory and field conditions following two types of delivery systems, through organic based (vermicompost + neem cake (90% + 10% w/w)) and seed based (sterilized wheat seed) inocula. The population proliferation and spread of the antagonists were faster when they were applied through organic based inoculums over that of seed based inoculums from the point o...
Ghani Akbar1, Steven Raine2, Allen David McHugh3, Greg Hamilton4 and Qurban Hussain5
... spacing 130 cm on sandy clay loam, were investigated using the irrigation modelling software, WinSRFR, to explore irrigation management strategies for improving irrigation eficiency. The study revealed existing average application efficiency of low quarter (AE lq) 71%, 87%, distribution uniformity of low quarter (DU lq) 70%, 80% and adequacy of low quarter (AD lq) 100 %, 90% for NB and WB, respectively. Majority (67%) of WB irrigations monitored were unde...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2 and Lariab Zahra Faiz2
... sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam). A total of 1571 animals were captured belonging to species of Nesokia indica, Mus musculus, Mus budooga, Millardia meltada, Tatera indica and Golunda elliotti. The maximum number of rodents was captured in loamy soil type with population density (53.3±19.8) per hectare. The lowest rodent ...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
... sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay loam) to determine six soil properties (plant biomass, saturation, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) in Pothwar Plateau (250 km long and 100 km wide). We compared 216 soil samples (mound soil and undisturbed soil), to collect data on percentage water saturation, electrical conduc...
Nazakat Nawaz, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Nasir M. Cheema** and Mubashir A. Khan*
Corresponding author:[email protected]
ZINC AND IRON APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZE SEED YIELD OF MUSTARD
...was conducted on a sandy clay loam soil at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, during 2005 and 2006. The mustard (Brassica juncea) variety BARD-1 was treated with various -1 levels of Zn and Fe, (0-0, 0-1.5, 0-3, 2.5-0, 2.5-1.5, 2.5-3, 5-0, 5-1.5 kgha and -1 -1 5-3 kgha ), respectively. A basal dose of 90N and 60P kg ha was applied, in the form of Urea and triple super phosphate (TSP) with Zn and Fe. The increase in -1 Zn and Fe fer...
Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**
SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...rial were prepared using clay soil (35-50%), fly-ash (30-45%), press mud (5-15%) and lignite (5-15%). Clay soil (53% clay) was used for adhesion purpose but considering free of lump formation an important property of a good carrier, mixing 40% of soil with other material was found suitable. Using 40% of soil, six different treatments were formulated and physico-chemical characteristics wer...
Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...ent tillage systems in a clay loam soil. A completely randomized block design with four treatments i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT) and controlled traffic farming (CTF) was carried out to evaluate the performance of tillage systems. Results indicated that the soil pulverization was higher (P<0.05) under MT and lower under CT treatments while, it was nonsignificant between MT and CTF treatments. Similarly, soil volume ...
Azhar Usman Ali*, Ghulam Sarwar*, Muhammad Aftab* and Sher Muhammad**
EFFECT OF SOIL AND FOLIAR APPLIED COPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)
...centage = 29 % and sandy clay loam) was collected, brought to -1 green house and filled in the pots @ 6.5 kg pot . All these pots were irrigated to achieve uniform soil column. This experiment comprised 5 treatments viz., -1 -1 control, soil application of copper @ 2 mg kg (level 1), @ 4 mg kg (level 2), foliar application of copper @ 1% solution (level 1) and @ 2% solution (level 2). These treatments were replicated thrice. All the pots were arranged using co...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1 and Kazim Ali2
...ditions of Bahawalpur on clay loam soil. This experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. Data on plant height, branches per plant, capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and yield was taken into account at maturity and statistically analyzed. All yield contributing traits showed positive response with increase in fertilizer rate. Maximum yield was found at T6 (NPK @ 40:30:15) and T6 and T7 (NPK @ 40:30:30) showed parity for seed yiel...
Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3
... and biological yield in clay soil ...
Ambrin Rajput*
...he experimental soil was clay loam in texture. Application of N, P and K showed significant effect on chickpea growth and yield parameters. The maximum plant height (85.00 cm), pods plant-1 (43.8), seed index (455 g per 1000 grains), seed yield (1896.0 kg ha-1), total biomass (5205 kg ha-1), straw yield (31050 kg ha-1), protein (15.77%), shoot N, P and K (2.1, 0.3 and 1.3 %) concencentration and N, P and K uptake (95.3, 16.4 and 49.9 kg ha-1) were recorded by ...
Yousaf Ali1, Muhammad Zamin1*, Ibadullah Jan1, Shahen Shah2, Muhammad Mazhar Hussain3, Fazli Rabbi4 and Muhammad Amin5
...ments (compost, mixture, clay and sand) and six tomato genotypes (Nadir, Money Maker, Pakit, Nagina, Roma and Rio grande) with three replications. The results revealed that the combination of compost and mixture has significant effect on shoot height, number of leaves, stem and root length, however stem diameter was significantly affected by compost and non significantly affected by genotypes. As far as the genotypes performance is concerned, genotype money ma...
Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza1
...% sand, 18% silt and 12% clay. The soil was prepared, leveled, and crop was sown with seed rate of 7.5 kg ha-1. Treatments included various rates of NPK {0 (control = T1), 75 % (T2), 100 % (T3), 125 % (T4), and 150% (T5) of recommended dose (150-150-75 kg ha-1) of NPK fertilizer). The experimental design was RCBD with three replications. Intercultural operations were performed according to the experimental requirement. At maturity data regarding plant height, ...
Inamullah Khan1*, Amjad Usman2 and Rahamdad Khan2
The Mortality Rate of Pupae and Adult of Fruit Fly Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Affected by Different Submerging Time and Soil Types under the Laboratory Treatment
...l texture classes such asclay loam, silt clay loam, sandy loam and pure sand as control, low emergence rate and high mortality was recorded from silt clay loam texture soil as compared to only sand. Hence it is concluded that pupal age, soil texture and under water pupal submergence time has direct effect on the rate of emergence and mortality rate of fruit fly pupae in the soil. Intermitt...
Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Muhammad Asif Khan**
DETERMINISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS AND SELECTION OF TIME HISTORIES FOR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR A SITE IN SWABI
... with a mixture of silt, clay, and sand. On top and bottom of the slope, boy’s hostels are being built. This necessitates seismic hazard analysis to be evaluated and a suit of acceleration time histories be selected for dynamic analysis of the slope. Three time histories are selected in this study from real earthquakes that matches parameters with the controlling earthquake.
...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
... soil erosion. The sandy clay loam soils of dense forest lands had a relatively small intensity of erosion (2.1 mm.yr-1) due to mean annual rainfall of 31.46 mm.yr-1 with high soil infiltration capacity value of 19.8 cm/h while the sandy clay loam soils of moderate forest lands having soil infiltration capacity value of 16.4 cm/h have mean annual erosion of 2.9 mm.yr-1due to mean annual rainf...
Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Aslam Khan Gadehi1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro2, Mukesh Kumar Soothar1 and Zohaib Ur Rehman Bughio1
... 80% field capacity of a clay loam, non-saline soil. Results indicated that the growth and yield parameters of spinach genotypes were constantly decreased with an increase in EC levels of irrigation water. The plants irrigated with EC 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1 had less fresh weight of leaves (> 30%) than the plants that were irrigated with canal water. English spinach significantly produced more fresh weight of leaves (20.86±0.50 grams) than Sind...
Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter
...soils. 1) sandy loam, 2) clay loam, (B) Remedial strategies, 1). canal water, 2) saline-sodic tube well water (continuous), 3) three irrigations of tube well water and two of canal water in a cyclic manner (short cyclic use), 4) tube well water + gypsum @ RSC of water, 5) tube well water+ canal water in 1:1 ratio (conjunctive use). Data showed that the highest biomass and paddy/grain yield were produced by canal water (T1) followed by (T3) where three irrigati...
Mazhar Ullah and Mohammad Sayyar Khan*
... transferred to silt and clay soil (1:1) and successfully acclimatized to greenhouse condition. ...
Shorouk Aladdin Helmy1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Mohamed Ahmed Hanafy1, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud1, Reham Roshdy Ali El-tanany1
...f adding three different clay minerals in four levels of each, as follows: humic acid (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%); zeolite (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5%); or bentonite (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 %) with three different protein sources, (soybeans, sunflowers, or cottonseed meals) on a dry matter basis. All rations were incubated in a rumen culture medium collected from sheep in a 3 (sources of clay), 4 (levels of <...
Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan1, Mansoor Khan Khattak1 and Ahmad Khan2
...der deep tillage in silt clay loam (Pedocals) soil during 2019. The levels of planting technique factor were; 0 m high raised seed bed (P1), 10 cm high raised seed bed (P2) and 20 cm high raised seed bed (P3). Compost from domestic residues (C2), a combination of urea with compost (C3), and urea (C4) were compared with control, no N-fertilizer (C1) in integrated nutrient management factor. The result showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the p...
Layth Saleem Salman Al-Shihmani
...on in the soil (sand and clay), as well as the values of the particle’s density and bulk density and total porosity of the soil between the front and rear of the Kut Dam. There was also a variation in the size distribution of some sand fraction. As for the sand minerals, a discrepancy was noted in some heavy and light sand minerals between the front and rear of the dam. It was found that both the difference in the mineral content of the sedimentary cycle...
Humaira Gul1*, Muhammad Junaid Yousaf1*, Fawad Ali1, Mamoona Rauf1, Farhad Ali2 and Iqthedar Ali3
...y, the ratio of sand and clay. The current research was carried out to investigate the effect of different ratios of sand and clay composition on growth and biochemical aspects of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and variations in soil physical and chemical properties were tested. During the experiment, plants were grown in eleven sets of soil combinations texture wise with varying ratio of sand and clay<...
Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1
...stone and thin layers of clay. GWL at Sanjwal Cantt sites was at 50 ft average depth having low to moderate yield of water and the formation had dominance of sand with alternate layers of clay against resistivity between 25-86 ohm-m. The study concluded that electrical resistivity survey (ERS) is a sound method for measuring GWL in sandy aquifers and boulder clayey formations when GWL is s...
M.M.A. Youssef and A.M.S. Lashein†
...za,
Egypt on clay loam soil planted to date palm cv. Zaghlool infested with plant parasitic nematodes, Rotylenchulus
reniformis and Helicotylenchus sp. An experiment was carried out to investigate the efficacy of acetyl salicylic
(ASA) and γ-amino-n-butyric acids (GABA) as chemical resistance inducer at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20
mM against nematodes and consequently on date palm yield. The results ...
Rahim Bux Vistro1*, Mashooque Ali Talpur1, Irfan Ahmed Sheikh1, Muneer Ahmed Mangrio2, Rajish Kumar Soothar1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali3,4, Imran Ali Dhamach4, Muhammd Urs Mirjat1 and Abdul Saboor Soomro2
... 2018-19. In the case of clay loam (S1) soil compacted under treatment C3, the compaction was maximum with mean values of 1.23 MPa followed by treatment C2 with 1.09 MPa and C1 with compaction of 0.55 MPa during the 2017-18 Rabi crop season. While, for silty clay loam (S2) soil compacted under treatment C3, the compaction was maximum with mean values of 1.12 MPa followed by treatment C2 with 0.80 MPa and C1 with compaction o...
Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4
...rity (40%) of soils were clayey in texture, followed by clay loam and silty clay loam (16% each). Slightly to moderately medium-textured soils were dominant, followed by heavy clays. Majority of soils had high to excessively high salinity (56%) followed by the soils having medium salinity (38%), slightly (46%) to medium alkaline (38%) pH, high (44%) to m...
Sanaullah Sattar1, Ali Hussain1,2*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1
...medium and the processed clay as the solid medium without and with the provision of Postgate B medium. After 60 days of anaerobic incubation, corrosion rate (CR) and average percent weight loss (APWL) of the steel pieces were calculated. Higher CR and APWL were observed in the liquid medium (water) than in the solid medium (clay). The CR and APWL in water were 249 ± 2 µg dm−2 d−1 and 4.16 ± 0....
Iqtidar Hussain1, Ejaz Ahmed Khan1, Jawad Nazir and Ehtesham-ul-Haq1
... leavesof M. azedarachin clay loam soil appeared to have strong allelopathic inhibition under maximum concentrations on growth and germination ofT. aestivum.Hence, M.azedarach proved to be a strong allelopathic plant that should be planted aside from field to avoid harmful impacts during early growth stages of T. aestivum....
Mansoor Khan Khattak, Muhammad Jamal Khan , Muhammad Asrar, Said Wahab , Muhammad Ramzan
Muhammad Afzal and A. Razzaq
...nd 60 % samples were too clayey to permit free movement of air and water. About one third of the samples were deficient only in zinc while other nutrients (P, K, Cu, Mn, and Fe) were in adequate amount to support plant growth.
Key words: Soil characteristics, nutrients, dieback, shisham tree.
...
Muhammad Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...olor of the specimens is clay (52.5%) followed by white and off white (30.1%), cream, pale cream and light brown (5.5% each).
50% of the members of the Tricholomataceae are collected from the humus followed by 33.3% on ground and 16.6% on the broad-leaved trees distributed in the mountainous tract of the NWFP, Punjab, AJK and Baluchistan. All the specimens are collected during monsoon season. The height of the specimens varied from 3.3 cm to ...
Kh. Rizwan Shehzad, Z. H. Malik and Rizwana Aleem Qureshi
...ly loamy, sandy loamy to clayey loamy type with pH varying from 7.0 to 7.6 organic matter 0.8 to 1.6%, Potassium 70.4 ppm to a 99.1 ppm and Phosphorous 5.46 ppm to 14.97 ppm. The communities reflect highly deteriorated condition....
Mohammad Arif Chaudhry
...rphology showed that the clayx hairy surface material was of ash grey color (easily removable) in P. fortunei while it was golden brown (sticky) in P. tomentosa, P. australis and P. elongata. The corolla color was white in P. elongata, dark purple in P. tomentosa, light purple in P. australis and mild off white in P. fortunei. The flower length was maximum (10.9 cm) in P. fortunei and minimum (7.9 cm) in ...
*Moinuddin Ahmad, **Ehsan Elahi Nagi and **Eugene Liang Min Wang
...re also performed. Sandy clay loam with a
calcareous nature was the dominant soil of the area.
No correlation was observed between tree density; basal
area. And soil characteristics. Regeneration was absent.
It is concluded that these forests are rapidly degrading
due to human disturbance....
Qaisar Ali, Perveen Abdullah and Muhammad Ibrar
...garden loam, followed by clayey soil at 20°C after
144 hours. Rate of germination decreased with increase in
sodium chloride concentrations beyond 0.5%. Best growth
and development of the plant was achieved under full
light and on garden loam, followed by clayey soil....
Muhammad Shafiq and M. I. Nizami
...Leucaena leucocephala, Euclayptus camaldulensis, Morus alba and Ailanthus altissima) were tested during the year 1983-84 at Mangial (Fateh-Jang) under rain fed conditions. The survival percentage was 86, 88, 73 and 77 whereas mean monthly growth (height) attained was 18cm, 16cm and 4cm respectively....
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...ght grey brown, gravelly clay loam with a surface covering of gravel. It is generally underlain by weathered limestone fragments followed by bed rock. The soils are highly calcareous, non-saline and moderately alkaline due to the presence of carbonates. Their organic matter content is negligible except for partially decayed humus under trees and shrubs....
Relph R. Stewart
...ere fossil leaves in the clay of an ancient lake or lakes near a place called Laredura at c. 1875 m. and Dangarpur c. 2031 m. of altitude. I had never collected plant fossils and was glad to be able to go with him. Most of the fossils were the leaves of forest trees which had blown on to the surface of the lake or had floated down from higher levels. They had sunk to the bottom and there were many layers of leaves in the clay
Mirza Hakim Khan Dr.
... fertile and varies from clay loam to sandy loam.
...
G. M. Khattak and Abdul Aleem
...-2-1975 in deep alluvial clay loam soil at Peshawar and each plant irrigated with four gallons of water at planting. The rainfall during 1975 and 1976 was 439 and 554mm respectively (annual average 377mm). On 5-1-1977 the survival of E. camaldulensis was 97% against 52 for Z. mauritiana and 53 for C. siliqua. The mean height of E. camaldulensis was 5m and mean diameter 5cm....
Abdul Aleem and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... is better than sand and clayee loam; frequency of irrigation, weekly or fortnight has no significant effect
...
Jalal-ud-Din and M. Farooq
...ized. At places they are clayey and stratified. These soils occur in the valleys locally known as 'dhars'. About 50 per cent of the area is occupied by sand dunes having irregular relief. Salinity and sodicity, dense soil mass and sandy natures are the main soil problems that adversely affect the suitability of the area for shisham and other tree species under irrigation. Under the existing conditions of arid climate and shortage of irrigation water the proble...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Abou Bakar Siddique1*, M. Jahangir Shah1, Mumtaz Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad1, M. Bilal Zafar1, Maryam Hayat1, Shamsa Rasool1, Zainulabdeen1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza3, Malik Ibrar Yousaf2 and Usman Majeed1
...ntegrated fertilizer) at clay loam soil of AZRI, Bahawalpur during 2022-2023. Each germplasm contained following treatments including control (C0) chemical, in C1 (30 P+50 N), C2 (15 P+25 N), organic matter; M2 (Cow Dung 10 t/ha) M1 (Cow Dung 20 t/ha), and integrated 1N2 C1 (5 P+10 N+10 Cow dung t/ha) and 1N1 (C1 10 P+20+N+20 Cow dung t/ha) were tested. The plot design was adopted RCBD (Randomize complete block design) with single row method for sowing with th...
Sairah Syed1, Rafia Urooj Saman1, Ayesha Manzoor1, Muhammad Arsalan1, Abdul Latif1*, Madeeha Khan1, Rehmat Ullah2, Muhamad Bilal2, Rizwan Latif3, Ejaz Ahmad4, Muhammad Amjad1, Muhammad Aslam5, Sair Sarwar6, Sabir Hussain Shah7 and Amaima Masood8
... vegetable production in clay loam soils of district Chakwal....
