Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan
...ils suffering from water erosion hazards....
Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir
... cropping systems in the erosion-vulnerable sub-humid area. Treatments included tillage levels i.e. ST (shallow tillage), STR (shallow tillage with residues), DT (deep tillage) and DTR (deep tillage with residues). Sub plots had three fertilizer’s levels viz. F1 (control), F2 (inorganic fertilizers) and F3 (farm yard manure; FYM+ inorganic fertilizers). Deep tillage increased wheat yield by 60%, 37% and 29% over ST, STR...
Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**
POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...land is affected by soil erosion and 4.2 billion cubic meter of water is lost from surface runoff annually. Soil erosion, along with arid climate, erratic rainfall and undulating topography makes land productivity very low and the livelihood of rural people even hard. Soil and water conservation under such an environment could provide the foundation for agricultural and natural resource development. To develop appropriate te...
Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen4
...causes for this was soil erosion, soil fertility loss, overgrazing, over population growth, soil salinization, tillage erosion, poor land management practices and water degradation. The effects of LD were difficulty in farming, drought, desertification, increased the necessity for fertilizers, loss in livestock production, migration, poverty and economic backwardness. High land degradation was perceived by the farmers and ha...
Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4
...icles on in oral cavity, erosion on dental pads, warts on external ears, ulceration on udder and scrotum. Increase in WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes count while decrease in RBC, platelets count and Hb concentration in diseased animals representing hematological investigation. ...
Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali
...gradation caused by soil erosion is a severe problem affecting the livelihood of local people. Agriculture and tourism, the main sources of livelihood of the inhabitants in the area, have been severely hit by this problem. Human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing and extensive agriculture have made soil resource more vulnerable to rain and flood water. Programs at government and society level are required to control soil er...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
... bulging of eyes, scales erosion, mucous secretion, hemorrhage, color change, slow down swimming, lake of balance, restlessness, swimming side-wise, retardation of opercular movement and quick sudden movements. The fish was anesthetized and liver were removed after 48 and 96 hours for histopathologicalstudies. The histopathological changes observed in liver were degeneration of hemopoietic tissue, destruction of hepatocytes, degeneration of bile duct, inflamma...
Rahat Naz*, Mussawar Shah, Asad Ullah, Intikhab Alam and Younas Khan
... of crops(P=0.000); soil erosion and landslides have increased(P=0.000); Due to climate change forests, fruits and vegetables have become scarce(P=0.000); water logging and salinity has affected the production of crops(P=0.000); and loss of agricultural productivity affecting the local economy with effects on human lives. The study concluded that, climate change has drastically affected the agricultural practices, resulting into low crop production, soil
M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*
INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
... sediment deposition and erosion in time and space along the canal has been simulated. The relevant data were obtained from Punjab Irrigation and Power Department Lahore. It is observed that sediment deposition and erosion is a significant problem being faced by the canals in Punjab.
...
Hazrat Hussain*, Muhammad Ibrahim**, Navid Ahmed***, Zia ul Haq**, Bashir Alam***
ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT LOAD FROM GOAML RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GOMAL ZAM DAM LIFESPAN
...certain the rate of erosion in the catchment of the Gomal River since no generalized model has so far been developed to explain the nature of such weathering activities and all such works are situation specific. Relation between the water discharges to sediment load that it carries has been developed to signify the Gomal River catchment’s erosion. The analysis shows that the catchments is eroding at...
Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1
Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...oil cover for preventing erosion. Similarly, Astragalus genus used as a fodder, fuel wood, miswak, fatigue, tooth ache, Crotalaria juncea forage for goats and cattle and also toxic alkaloids, particularly in the seeds and pods, Lathyrus cicera is used as a green manure, soil cover for preventing erosion and in breeding program for the plant species, Medicago minima is rich source of vitamins A, C, and E, green manure and fix...
Muhammad Faisal Ayoob1,2, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Asghar Ali Kamboh3, Mansoor Ayoob4, Waseem Ali Vistro3 and Abdul Sattar Baloch3*
...d in proventriculus were erosions in epithelium, localized hemorrhages and congestion in the glandular region. In small intestine of affected birds, villi appeared hyperemic and ulcerated. Tracheal surface epithelium often showed discontinuation, the loss of cilia of the lining epithelium and disturbance of the coherence among various histological layers. In spleen, there was enormous infiltration with mononuclear lymphocytes, especially in the area of red pul...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...ne-height: normal;">Soil erosion is one of the major threats to the soil of Miandam valley, Swat Pakistan. The soil of the valley is one of the most fragile and vulnerable to erosion. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of soil infiltration capacity, soil texture and rainfall on soil erosion occurring under various land use land cover (LULC) in the study area....
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...aims to investigate soil erosion in Pakistan in order to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion in Pakistan and for the understanding of the ecological environment status in Pan-Third Pole. The Pothohar Plateau was selected as the representative area of soil erosion in the country. Along the route of Muree-Islamabad-Rawalpindi-Gujar Khan-Chakwal, 15 inves...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
...es in the tolerable (low erosion), 16.51% in the intermediate range and 13.44% in highly eroded zones of the total Chakwal watershed area. Chakwal watershed is a rainfed and semi-arid with a drainage contributing area of 6524 km2. The RUSLE factors were calculated through vulnerable erosion zones remote sensing datasets demarcated by GIS. Computed soil erodibility, rainfall erodibilty, topographic-length-slope, cr...
Md. Abdullah Al Mamun1,2*, Shamima Nasren1,3, Sanjay Singh Rathore1 and Kavalagiriyanahalli Srinivasiah Ramesh1
...ve mucus production, fin erosion, pale gills, and slight hemorrhage were observed in the affected area of skin and operculum. Among the internal organs, liver lost its original reddish-brown and turned to yellowish-brown, intestinal duct remained empty and swelled. Severe infestation in catla caused eye opacity and tail rot indicated the devastating effects of A. japonicus. Infestation by this parasite resulted in histopathological changes in the skin and musc...
Muhammad Jamil1*, Kamran Javed1 and Imran Akhtar2
...align: justify;">Genetic erosion is a major pitfall in man directed evolution faced by cotton crop in Pakistan during recent years. Present study was carried out at Cotton Research Station, Vehari during 2019-20. The main purpose was to explore the genetic diversity in the strains under study. Principal component analysis, along with agglomerative hierarchical clustering tools were employed. Twenty-four recently bred upland cotton strains bearing diversified o...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa1*, Zahid Rızwan2 and Muhammad Atıf Majeed1
...netic diversity and gene erosion. In this study ten bivoltine hybrids were screened by heterosis using 11 biological and silk yielding quantitative traits. Heterosis was measured using multiple evaluation index (MEI), mid-parent heterosis (MPH) and better-parent heterosis (BPH), and hybrids were ranked using MEI and cumulative sub-ordinate function (CSF). The hybrids produced MEI >50 with the highest in PO206×J101 (63.2). All hybrids produced evaluati...
Farah Abid1,2, Mohammad Saleem1,3*, Tahir Maqbool4, Tania Ahmed Shakoori5, Faheem Hadi4, Tahir Muhammad4, Saira Aftab4, Yasir Hassan7 and Shabana Akhtar4,6*
...r and bone and cartilage erosion after treatment with E-AM. Collectively, our findings suggest that E-AM extract might have potential to perform anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity which could have beneficial impact for the patients associated with arthritis....
Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1
... zones, namely residual, erosion, and deposition. In each zone, coconut and Mahogany plants were selected with the ideal morphology for measurement of interception, throughfall, and stemflow during rain events. Soil sampling under the plant canopy was used to measure texture, bulk density, particle density, porosity, macro pores, initial soil moisture, and organic matter. Coconut plants are considered better for the purpose of vegetative soil and water conserv...
Sumaira Kousar* and Safdar Ali Shirazi
...xt-align: justify;">Soil erosion stands as a formidable challenge, particularly in regions susceptible to a confluence of natural and anthropogenic factors. This study endeavors to unravel the intricacies of soil erosion within the Swat district, employing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model alongside cutting-edge Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The RUSLE model, cele...
Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani
...f issues, including soil erosion and flooding, which in turn trigger other natural phenomena and specifically the destruction of natural resources. According to findings of this research, poverty is a widespread issue. The statistics show that the population has very low income along with the other associated variables. In this context, we developed a well structure questionnaire and collect primary data from it and through descriptive analysis while collectin...
Saman Rizwan and Sohaib Aslam*
...s, protect soils against erosion and improve water retention. This research was conducted in laboratory-controlled conditions using maize residues and a loamy soil from a sugarcane field to determine carbon mineralization patterns. Two different residue management practices were chosen for this study; mulched (soil covered by residues) versus incorporated (residue incorporated in surface soil layer). Carbon mineralization patterns under two treatments were uni...
Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3
...at are prone to flood or erosion. The results of this study can help inform strategies and water resource management policies to ensure the sustainable use of water resources in Iraq....
Nurul Fajeriana1*, Akhmad Ali1 and Retno Puspa Rini2
...noff water, resulting in erosion and sedimentation at the tail. If the organic matter in the topsoil is washed away by rainfall, it becomes evident that agricultural productivity declines. In areas with steep slopes, loss of topsoil is associated with water flowing downhill. Based on these factors, the study was conducted to compare and analyze soil tillage and contour-oriented planting models with the aim of minimizing erosion<...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...uction of habitats, soil erosion, human interaction, drought, illegal killing, predation, water pollution, scarcity of food, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The study area is rich in bird diversity however, awareness campaigns and enforcement of legislation are required on a priority basis to conserve the avian diversity, distribution, and address the threats....
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...services protecting soil erosion, bioenergy, the effects of trees in agricultural landscapes on carbon sequestration, sustainable land management techniques, pest control by natural enemies, and the global habitat for biological variety are all important. According to the study, cultivators in the country should be knowledgeable about the potential benefits of agroforestry systems. They should work to make the system's development economically and environmenta...
Afra Siab1, Saif Ullah Khan1, Anwar Ali1, Nowsherwan Zarif1, Basheer Ahmad1, Salman Ahmad1
... production, reduce soil erosion, retain water and provide shade, and generate income. The study was conducted in District Bannu. For the comprehensive study of agroforestry both primary and secondary data were obtained. Major portion of secondary data was obtained from Census Report (2017) of district Bannu. Primary data were collected by a well-designed questionnaire, which was developed by keeping in view of the purpose of study. For this purpose, both clos...
Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
... many problems like soil erosion, flooding and also the degradation of forest resources. The data indicated that poverty is a wide spread phenomenon. According to the findings, the people are having very low income. Sherani District is mainly rural area i.e. Poverty is prevalent on larger scale. Although many people have migrated and are working in urban areas like moving toward Dubai and Arab Emirate for their livelihood. In the light of different observation...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...of desertification, soil erosion and flooding of rivers, thus threatening the life on the planet earth.
The importance of soil conservation/watershed management was first realized in the sub-continent at the start of the 19th century but the systematic work on this started in 1954 under Erosion control and soil conservation project in NWFP. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) hel...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
...forests. Water shortage, erosion and salinity were main problems faced by the agriculturists.
The study revealed that only 8% of the respondents were utilizing mangrove vegetation as a whole for fuel purpose. Responses about priority of importance of mangroves showed that shelter and progress of fish was at first priority then shelter and progress of wild birds, shelter and progress of vertebrates, fuel wood, protection barriers for villages, contro...
Maqsood Anwar1, Abdul Wahid Jasra2 and I. Ahmad3
...ation, overgrazing, soil erosion, salinity and water logging have become major threats to Pakistan's remaining biodiversity.
The Government of Pakistan being aware of the situation recognized the importance to protect country's environment and prepared the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1992. Pakistan also became a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1994. Under the obligation of CBD, a Biodiversity Action Plan ...
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...too on resulting in less erosion and runoff on the steep slope. The medium and gentle slopes were much degraded by over grazing, faulty land cultivation and stress of timber and fuel wood due to ease of accessibility. For soil and water conservation it is suggested that, the land should be utilized according to its capability class, grazing should be regulated through a proper system, plantation along with protection of local as well as exotic species should b...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
... varying degrees of soil erosion and land degradation mainly due to high rate of deforestation, inadequate soil conservation measures, poor agriculture terracing, intensive agricultural activities, over-grazing, complex land tenure, and prevailing poverty in the mountain regions. As a result of water erosion top soil is being washed away into rivers, streams and water reservoirs, which are the main source of irrigation water...
Altaf Hussain and Raja Muhammad Zarif
... forestry, agroforestry, erosion control and landscaping. Pakistan has a long history of introduction of foreign plant and animal species The main objective of introduction of exotic forest tree species was to fill the gap between supply and demand of timber, fuel-wood and fodder. Out of 700 alien species 2 forest tree species viz Broussonetia papyrifera, and Prosopis juliflora were recognized as high impact invasive. Eucalyptus camaldulensis<...
Abdul Hameed Khan, Bashir Ahmed Wani and Hakim Shah
...for six mapping units of erosion in the Hilkot watershed project area. The analysis revealed that 98 ha (6.8%) of the area was under slight sheet erosion, moderate rill and river bank erosion, 350 ha (24.2%) were under slight rill erosion and moderately gully erosion, 263 ha (18.2%) under moderate rill and gully
Syed Zainul Arifeen
...d effective measures for erosion control.
To achieve sustainable mountain development in future, emphasis has been laid on the selection of most suitable tree species, their care after planting and integration of other technical soil conservation measures with planting. Participation of the local people in watershed management activities is also suggested in the paper.
...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...ct the steep slopes from erosion and produce timber and other forest products on sustainable basis. Single tree selection system can be safely applied in the forests where REDD+ projects are implemented as it allows for limited extraction of timber and non-significant reduction in carbon stock in the forests....
Maria Mussarat, Amanullah Bhatti and Mehmood Elahi
... 1:50,000 scale....
A. G. Wilkinson
...rs for hill country soil erosion control, riverbank protection, shade, windbreaks and woodlot forestry. During the 1960's and 1970s over two million poplars were planted in
government subsidized planting has declined dramatically in the late 1980's and 1990's with the emphasis shifting to sustainable land management systems. Radiata pine affoestation, poplar silvipastoral systems, and various plant combinations including poplars and willows for riparian manag...
Bashir Hussain Shah and Mumtaz Akhtar Qadir
...ontour bunds for surface erosion control and check dams for channel erosion control; second catchment having sparce natural vegetation was treated only for channel erosion control with check dams and the third catchment was not treated at all. All catchments were provided with sediment monitoring structures. Four years sediment yield data showed that the erosion
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
...plant cover to halt soil erosion
and further loss of primary productivity....
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...l moisture and less soil erosion losses were found
under unlopped trees. Similarly herbage production with
better ground vegetal cover was also found beneath the
unlopped trees....
Mohammad Noor
...uno, soil loss, maximum
erosion and maximum deposition rates simulated by the
ANSWERS model were significantly higher (P = 0.05) for
the grazed areas then for the un-grazed areas. Evidence
indicated that livestock grazing in the sheep Creek
riparian zone reduced inltration, which, in turn,
increased runo and soil loss but of minimal biological
importance....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ctices are faulty.
Soil erosion is common on steep slopes. Scare scientific
data is available and no organization for the management
of rangelands exists. The livestock breeds, disease
control and marking are primitive. The important
recommendations given include comprehensive survey,
formation of grazing cooperatives, preparation of range
management plans, chopping of maize stalks, harvesting
of grass at boot stage, seeding and planting of
desirable ...
Mohammad Hanif
...udy the effectiveness of erosion control practices in the catchment of Kanshi river, two watersheds, Missa Experimental and Missa Control, 81 hectares each, and more or less identical in morphometric characteristics, were selected about 55 kilometers SE of Islamabed. Missa experimental had 8098 trees of various species, 29 check dams and 7 spillways, Missa control, 3218 trees and 3
spillways. During the period of study (January 1973 to December 1978) 4828 mm ...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...lopes vulnerable to soil erosion, and the guzara forests, are worked under the modified selection system. Felling of trees of exploitable size is further restricted in the guzara forests by special marking rules. The final yield is usually calculated by dividing the volume of trees of exploitable size (24 inches d.b.h. and over) by the
assumed time of passage of trees of 20-40 inch d.b.h. class to the exploitable size. An additional cut may be a...
Bahadur Ali Khan
...h of lain may cause more erosion than 16 inches in the plains due to steep nature of the mountains. Numerous small flooded streams full of silt and mud join the river Indus, making the river Indus to transport huge amounts to the plains thus reducing life of Tarbela Dam and causing rise in the river bed. It has been estimated that 80% of water of river Indus comes in the form of flash floods, thus serves no useful purpose but damage. In 1968-69 a tea...
Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz
...ool for controlling soil erosion, land degradation, and desertification. Pakistan is predominantly a dry country, where 51.5% of the area is arid and 36.9% is semi-arid. The two-thirds of the livelihood of Pakistan is growing rapidly over a population of 184 million people, who directly depend on goods and services provided by dryland natural resources, especially natural forests. In the dry zone areas, the natural forests have completely disappeared and degra...
Fasih Ullah Haider1,2, Sardar Alam Cheema1and Muhammad Farooq1,3
...uppression, control soil erosion, improve soil fertility and also manage diseases and pests present in that field. Cover crops normally comprise of legumes and grasses. Cover crops lead to be one of the better options that reduce the dose of herbicides and these are harmonious with the objectives of conservation agriculture. Regardless of much importance of cover crops and their worth in agricultural systems, cover crops have certain negative aspects as well. ...
Taqwa Safdar, Khalid Abbas*, Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed, Hina Amjad, Sumra Naz and Jamal Kazam
...enetic diversity present erosion of global biodiversity. The genetic status of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the Indus River was assessed by using microsatellite markers. For the purpose, samples were collected from five selective Indus River sites, and DNA extraction was done by proteinase-K and standard phenol/chloroform DNA isolation method. Genomic DNA was PCR amplified by Labeo rohita cross-species amplification of H. molitrix. The results showed a low-t...
Thaer W. Enad*, Khalefa A. Mansour
..., oral and nasal mucosal erosions/ulcerations lesions and laminas of affected animals. The proportions of older animals were more likely to show infection (p > 0.05), but there was no significant difference. The female was the predominant sex infected (p > 0.05). However, this observation did not reach statistical significance. By semi-nested RT-PCR was used on epithelial tissue samples, 84.31% of samples were positive SAT2 serotypes. Those sequences wer...
Rehan Ullah1, Fazli Rahim1, Muhammad Sajid1, Shakir Ullah2*, Shahab Ali2, Lubna Shakir3, Mohammad Sohail4 and Ghani Subhan5
...nts. Deforestation, soil erosion, and population growth pose serious threats to the valuable plant species of this region. This study represents an initial effort to document and preserve these important plant resources. The flora of Khazana Munda Valley necessitates effective conservation efforts to ensure a sustainable future for the region....
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