Iftikhar Ahmad, Abdul M. Saleem, Ghulam Mustafa, Khurram Ziaf, Irfan Afzal and Muhammad Qasim
...form maturity and flower harvesting of ornamentals....
Adnan Yousaf1,Jia Wu1, Qaiser Shakeel2, Yasir Iftikhar3, Muhammad Irfan Ullah4, Uzma Tahira5,Mustansar Mubeen1 and Wubei Dong1,*
... combination as well. At harvesting, roots of C-302 contained significantly fewer galls (30) and egg-masses (51) compared to the other fourteen cultivars. Seven cultivars including C-33, Gola Peshawari, 11-2010, 18-2010, 15-2010, 27-2010 and C-68 had 10 root galling and egg-masses indices (from a scale of 0-10). Hence, present study shows that none of the available chili cultivars are resistant to attack from M. incognita and S. rolfsii. The mode...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
...oper time and methods of harvesting, packaging, storage and processing. There are various middlemen (market intermediaries) involved at different stages in the marketing of citrus. This study is an attempt to examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation metho...
Mahmood-Ul-Hassan*, Naeem Fiaz, Muhammad Akhlaq Mudassir and Muhammad Yasin
...conomic benefits however harvesting schedule of plant crop is essential since low temperature severely effects the sprouting of subsequent ratoon in cane growing areas. A field study was conducted on loamy soil during 2011-2013 at Sugarcane Research Institute (SRI), Faisalabad to explore the ratooning ability of five sugarcane varieties/clones under varying harvesting dates of plant crop using randomized complete block desig...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu
...erence in body weight at harvesting. Among the 36 dyads, 7 had an YN response (19.4%). When the YN effect had a fixed accumulated value, the value reflected its compensatory like growth degree, i.e., no catch-up like growth in one group means no YN effect in one group can be detected. Heilongjiang carp ♂ × Jian carp ♀ (Yj) combination had the highest catch-up like growth degree and the Heilongjiang carp ♂ × Heilongjiang carp ϓ...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2
...se of illegal trade, overharvesting and habitat destruction. Captive breeding is an effective protection against extinction, but safe overwintering is still technically difficult to captive big-headed turtles. Determining optimal hibernation conditions is important in resolving this problem. In this study, the effects of two important environmental conditions (water depth and availability of sand beds) on changes in body weight and health status in captive big...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam
...ropping pattern, sowing, harvesting date and yield per acre of different crops, pests and crops diseases, flowering time of fruits trees, biodiversity and livestock’s. Respondents were selected randomly but priority was given to elders and those possess land and practice agriculture. The study reveals that majority of the respondents are well aware of climate change and its effects on cropping calendar, crop variety, crop yield, crop diseases as well as ...
Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali
...n after Wheat or Berseem harvesting has a significant decrease (p<0.05) in production. Nonetheless, sowing made in August is unable to mature grains properly. The yield losses rate relatively expands from July 15 onwards for maize in Peshawar valley. Sowing maize later from June month in season is superior to opt for hybrid maize variety SB-909 and SB-92K97 in the Peshawar region. ...
Sidra Majeed, Shahid Ahmad*, Asif Ali Bhatti** and Ghazanfar Abbas***
... the cost of tillage and harvesting due to increase in the price of diesel fuel and renting cost of farm machinery. The average net return from barani wheat using chemical fertilizer is Rs. 1.22 million, on an average the benefit and cost ratio was 1.28, which means that 28 % of the total cost is realized back in the form of net returns. Out of ten years, the barani wheat production using chemical fertilizer was profitable in six years....
Aneela Afzal, Tanvir Ali, Munir Ahmad, Humera Amin and Samina Saki*
...eaning of seeds, sowing, harvesting, weeding, etc. for corn, rice, wheat, sugarcane, and vegetables’ production. It is concluded that women’s participation in crop production extracted more vital role than their counterparts in rural areas....
Muhammad Shahzad*, Akhter Ali**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi**, Naveed Jehan*, Imran Ullah* and Majid Khan*
ASSESSMENT OF POST-HARVEST LOSSES OF PLUM IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...ortant reasons were poor harvesting methods, over maturity, insufficient cold storage facility, poor grading, low-quality packaging materials and poor infrastructure. Total post harvest losses in the marketing channel of the plum were 21.51% of which 5.12% occurred at farm level, 1.44% at wholesale level, 6.31% at retail level, and 8.64% at the consumer level. Harvesting at proper maturity, using experienced labor and storag...
Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar*
LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...ion systems, other water harvesting techniques being demonstrated in the watershed project could also improve livelihood in the area. Better utilization of available resources would also improve livelihood and decrease poverty in the area. ...
Hassnain Shah*, Nadeem Akmal*, Waqas Farooq*, Muhammad Azeem Khan* and Shahid Munir**
SHIFT FROM SITE DEVELOPMENT TO SKILL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY OF WATER HARVESTING THROUGH MICRO CATCHMENTS
...seful tool for rainwater harvesting. The assessment of acceptability and compatibility of the intervention through farmers' perceptions, feed-back, practices and intentions regarding up-scaling the technology would develop the up-scaling and sustainability options for wider area. Under Watershed Rehabilitation and Irrigation Improvement Project besides other technologies, rainwater harvesting through micro catch-ments were d...
Nusrat Habib*, Saima Rani*, Sabeen Siddiqui*, Shah Zaman** and Muhammad Zubair Anwar*
IMPACT OF MAJOR FARM INPUTS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGARCANE: A CASE STUDY IN TEHSIL KOT ADDU, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...cane growers during 2013 harvesting. The costs of land preparation, DAP, urea, irrigation, FYM, seed and labor for harvesting were the significant factors which affect on the proceeds of sugarcane growers. The results revealed that costs of land preparation, DAP and urea were highly significant at 1% level with positive coefficients 0.94, 0.23 and 0.76, respectively. The cost of FYM was significant at 1% level with negative ...
Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**
ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
... the time of collection, harvesting, cleaning, drying, packing and marketing of MAPs. The overall findings revealed that the training had positive impact on farmers' revenue. If standardized, the MAPs collected, they can get fair prices for their products. The study recommends that the government and non-governmental organization should arrange such type of trainings in other regions of the country which will not only increase the trade volume of the MAPs but ...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*
ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...hment, rooftop rainwater harvesting and irrigation scheduling. Therefore, the project activities also include the training of the professionals from the line departments for the demonstrated technologies to foster the process of adoption. For this purpose Climate and Alternate Energy Water Resources Institute, NARC, organized a professional training on “Water Rehabilitation and Irrigation Technology Improvements” in April, 2014 in collaboration wit...
Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**
CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
... following years of crop harvesting. Economic analysis of both the crops was carried out to see the best treatment with sufficient economic benefits as compared to without crop residues incorporation. Maximum net benefit of Rs. 92754 for direct seeded rice -1 and Rs. 69558 for wheat grown with 80 kg P O ha application under crop 2 5 residues incorporation was determined. Among P application treatments under no crop residues incorporation, the maximum net benef...
Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Tanveer Ahmad*, Zulfiqar Ali*, Munir Ahmad** and Nadeem Amjad***
FIELD EVALUATION OF A WHEAT STRAW CHOPPER
...use) of this machine for harvesting own fields and rental fields was 77 h (31 ha) and 266 h (105.5 ha), respectively. Wheat straw chopper is a profitable technology that is getting momentum in combine-harvested wheat fields of the country, which saves chaff for cattle feed and increases the benefit of the farmer....
Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3
...son and 255 fields after harvesting rice in Guilan province (Iran) from 2014 to 2016 (from April to March of each year) based on the method of Thomas by throwing 0.5m × 0.5m quadrat to count existing genus and species of weeds. According to the results, the highest frequency was related to weed species of Echinochloa crusgalli (96.9%), Paspalum distichum (78.8%) and Eclipta prostrate (51.8%). Cyperaceae and Poaceae families showed the highest frequency...
Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...th sampling was taken by harvesting three pots of treatments starting in early spring and thereafter during tHEgrowth to the maximum five samplings to study roots and shoot growth. Averaged across varieties and extracts, results revealed that plant length (roots with shoot) was significantly (p<0.05) changed with a minimum at the thermal unit (TU) 677 to a maximum at TU 3257. Averaged across TU and extracts, the variety Cuf-101 showed the maximum plant leng...
Faheem Ali1*, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1 and Muhammad Amir1
...g, cultivating, pumping, harvesting, drying, cooking, baking, woodworking, forging and smelting etc. This results in lagging Volt-Ampere-Reactive (VARs), which must be balanced by the same number of leading VARs in order to ensure unity power factor, thus avoiding penalties on agricultural industry. Switched Capacitors and Voltage Regulators are used to cope with such a situation. Regulators results in higher line currents thus resulting in excessive losses in...
Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2
...sugar yield (t ha-1) and harvesting index. The results indicated significant variation among the treatments for all parameters during both years of study. Among the treatments I3 (15 days’’ interval) improved almost all the studied characters. However, increasing interval improves the sucrose% and TSS% during both years. Hence I3 (15 days’’ interval) is the best for obtaining highest beet yield and quality under Dera Ismail Khan Conditi...
Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid
...genotypes for mechanized harvesting. Analysis of variance for qualitative and quantitative traits showed significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysis performed for qualitative and quantitative traits separately. It was observed that genotypes with suitable plant type for mechanized <...
Azam Ali* and Amjad Farooq
... recorded from sowing to harvesting seasons. Predators (Chrysoperla, Geocoris and Argiope) population was also observed. Percentage of host plant susceptibility index (HPSI) for each cotton variety was also calculated. One way ANOVA was used to analyzed the data statistically. Variety and year had significant (P<0.05) effect on pest populations, eggs count and predator’s populations. It was found that Bt cotton was more resistant ...
Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1,*, Shahina Fayyaz2 and Nasira Kazi2
... time of cropping and at harvesting and soil root samples were collected from different fields in the cotton producing regions of five districts of Sindh viz., Sanghar, Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Mityari and Tando Allahyar. The analysis of samples resulted in the identification of one new species of soil nematode viz., Acrobeloides gossypii n. sp., along with three new record species viz., Tylenchorhynchus ewingi Hopper, 1959; T...
Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
... preparation, sowing and harvesting time while in case of Mardan district no knowledge gap was observed in sowing and harvesting time. Farmers of D.I. Khan district had low knowledge gap (1 to 20%) in cane varieties, seed quantity, sowing practices, irrigation application, stoppage of irrigation before harvesting and cane cutting whereas farmers of district Ma...
Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar*
...llenges, construct water harvesting structures for high efficiency irrigation and further research to estimate range of temperature and precipitation within which crops under study perform better. ...
Abir Ishtiaq and Muhammad Naeem*
...al rate, mean individual harvesting weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and production of C. catla were significantly (p< 0.05) affected by different dietary protein levels. However, absolute gain of length and weight, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (p> 0.05) influenced by dietary protein levels. Absolute weight gain (g) amounted to 736.82±51.95, 749.76±71.20, 863.94±61.24 and 854.73±6...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...estock grazing, cutting, harvesting (for fuel wood and animal feed) and burning of field boundary vegetation are common practices that affect rodents and their habitat. During crop season, local farmers in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan do not manage wild vegetation on the field edges, and that may impact rodent populations near their fields. This study was conducted to examine the effect of adjacent non-crop vegetation on rodent populations in the Pot...
Noor-us-Sabah1*, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Sher Muhammad2
Muhammad Usman Saleem, Nadeem Iqbal, Shawaiz Iqbal*, Usama Bin Khalid, Adila Iram, Muhammad Akhter, Tahir Latif and Tahir Hussain Awan
...ent wheat crop after the harvesting of rice crop. DSR technology helps by eliminating the need for continuous ponding of water and thus lessens water use for rice production, resulting in saving of 15-20% of water over TPR. DSR is also a less labor-intensive and more farmers-friendly, time-saving and cost-effective technology than TPR. The Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku, has refined the DSR technology and production practices and conducted 20 field de...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4
Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
...(directly obtained after harvesting of standing crop) stalk segments i.e. upper, middle, lower and 33 % (having upper + middle + lower cane portions in uniform proportion of 33) each mixed portions of cane were allotted to the main plots, whereas sub plots were given to methods of setts placement (single, one and half, double and three setts (sugarcane stem portion with three buds) each 40 cm. Fertilizer was applied as N: 150 P2O5: 100 K2O: 100 at sowing and e...
Ghulam Murtaza1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Ashraf Malik2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad3
... before sowing and after harvesting sorghum. The best performance was observed in T7 (canal water + FYM at 10 Mg/ha) which improved soil properties by lowering pH, EC, and SAR and enhancing concentration of organic matter, phosphorus and potassium. However, T3 (water of EC 3 dS m-1) increased soil electrical conductivity, pH, SAR, and lowered organic matter, phosphorus and potassium concentration. Data were statistically analyzed by statistix 8.1 ANOVA approac...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Aqib Riaz4, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi2, Bushra Zulfiqar2, Waqas Naseem2, Humara Umar3, Ahmad Hussain1 and Mazher Iqbal3
...ces its yield and causes harvesting losses upto 20%. Current research aimed to investigate the efficacy of various weedicides to eradicate weedy grasses (S. brevifolius, D. aegyptium, C. dactylon, S. halepense, B.decufeedipedia.org. and P. hysterophorous) in multi-cut sorghum sudan grass hybrid (S.S. Hybrid). Four herbicides namely Clodinafop-propargayl (Clodinafop) @ 0. 25 and 0.375 kg ha-1, Paraquat and Glyphosate @ 1.5 and 2 L ha-1 and Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (P...
Shahzad Malik* and Ayesha Khan
Gap Analysis of Farmers’ Capacity Building by Public and Private Agriculture Extension Sectors in Central Plain Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...fertilizers (56.3%), and harvesting techniques (57.4%). There was highly significant (p≤0.01) difference among public and private services regarding capacity building of farmers in terms of farm management, improve marketing skills, harvesting techniques, organic farming, integrated pest management, seed rate ratio and orchard layout. Overall, there was a big gap in the performance of the public sector extension and priva...
Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2
Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...elp to minimize the post harvesting losses. The judicious use of fertilizer, efficient utilization of water and support price for fruits, vegetables, pulses and oilseeds are required for the promotion of high value crops....
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1*, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi1, Aaqib Riaz2, Waqas Naseem1, Ghulam Muhammad1, Mazher Iqbal3, Humara Umer3 and Inam ul Haq3
Apposite Sowing Techniques to Optimize Productivity and Profitability of Berseem
...r cuts and seed yield on harvesting were recorded and analyzed. The results showed that broadcast (BC) sowing gave maximum values of yield attributes and increased fodder yield by 43.78 %, seed yield by 14.18 % and CP yield by 45.14% over control (i.e., row spacing of 30 cm). Economic analysis indicated a maximum benefit-cast ratio of 3.51 under broadcast sowing in standing water as compared to control.
...
Sana* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...carrying, crops weeding, harvesting and firewood collection. Multinomial Logistic analysis revealed that a child’s age, gender (male) and school distance (more than walking distance) were found positively associated with a child’s involvement in agriculture. Household characteristics, such as head’s education, monthly income and ownership of agricultural land were important negatively affecting the determinants of child involvement in ag...
Saira Batool1, Safdar Ali Shirazi1 and Syed Amer Mahmood2*
...e to make suitable water harvesting structures and control rainwater to stop soil removal and water provision for the lean season in this rain-fed region. The results obtained can help realize that conservation practices and soil management can decreas soil erosion. The hypsometric and spatial autocorrelation investigations are in agreement with the results obtained from RUSLE technique. Tree plantation, check-dams and strip cropping can also reduce soil loss ...
Muhammad Musa1*, Muhammad Riaz Gondal2, Aaqib Riaz3, Sikander Hayat2 and Iftikhar Haider1
...on through management of harvesting at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan during three rabi seasons from 2015 to 2018. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with three replications. Berseem varieties (Super Late, Agaiti Berseem, Punjab Berseem) were kept in main plots and last cutting dates (10thMarch, 20th March, 30th March, 10th April and 20th April) were kept in sub-plots. Results revealed considerable differences in the period of flow...
Muhammad Afnan Rabbi, Iqtidar Hussain*, Ejaz Ahmed, Muhammad Saad and Aitezaz Ali Asad Shahani
...lign: justify;">Delay in harvesting kharif crops such as cotton, rice and sugarcane, compel the growers to sowing late wheat and due to this wheat production becomes low. A foremost challenge for crop production is to increase its economic yields in an endurable manner by improving fertility of the soil. Many struggles have been done to enhance the wheat productivity since last decade. Use of synthetic plant growth regulators with nitrogen supply seems to be f...
Muhammad Fiyyaz1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sarfraz Hussain3, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1 and Aneela Riaz4
...ers were recorded before harvesting maize plants. Laboratory analysis for collected soil samples was carried out. Data were statistically analyzed. Results indicated that treatment (T8) produce maximum plant height (115.0 cm), biomass (64.34 g) and root length (27.083 cm) of maize. Organic matter content (1.78 %), phosphorus (16.67 ppm) and potassium (213.0 ppm) concentration in soil was also increased in this treatment....
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...), experience (p=0.007), harvesting (p=0.000) and maintenance of flowering plants (p=0.057) have significant effect on honeybee productivity. Labour cost and migration cost had positive coefficient and significant relation at 1% level of significance with gross return whereas expenses on baiting materials had positive coefficient and significant relation at 5% level of significance with the gross return. Thirty-six percentage of total visit for foraging of hon...
Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2
...iv>
both cultures, harvesting at intervals up to 24 hours and titrating the virus culture. To confirm LSDV
accumulated in cell cultures, molecular identification is required; we carried Real-time PCR.
Results: This study has revealed that the virus culture period until 95% CPE was 48hr for MDBK and
72hr for Vero culture. The significant difference in growth behavior could be found between its growth
on MDBK...
Nadeem Anwar1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Shaoib Nasir3, Moazzam Sabir1, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad4 and Saleem Ashraf5
...nvestigate the impact of harvesting and marketing behavior of citrus growers on their socio-economic development. This research was conducted in district Sargodha, the hub of citrus production. The findings of the study indicate regarding harvesting behavior of the farmers that they do not harvest the fruit by their own. Only a small number of the citrus growers harvest the fruit by their own. Majority of the farmers were fo...
Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1
...riences local, therefore harvesting periods are related to the degree of maturity of the olives from the point of view of the village women, thus determines maturity for them, is not a scientific criterion, but a specific period of time or a particular season. The aim of present study was to determine the optimal olive harvest time, this study was carried out in the circle of Massmouda region in the city of Ouezzane northern Morocco. It was made in order to ev...
Muhammad Yaseen*, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Umer Mehmood
...g practices, irrigation, harvesting and storage obtaining a percentage of 80.2%, 77.6%, 79.3%, 90%, and 75.8% respectively. Lack of basic farming knowledge and skills is the topmost factor hindering youth involvement in agricultural activities with a mean value of 4.63 and S.D. value of 0.522. The government should give loans to youth for establishing their agriculture business ranked at 1st with a mean value of 4.72 for youth priorities in agricultural activi...
Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2 and Tilahun Bekele3
...ance to district market, harvesting time, training, and participation to off/non-farm income. So, improving the skill and knowledge of farmers through increasing extension service and training, on-time delivery of farm inputs, create market linkage, and improved tea nursery management were some of the suggestions made to alleviate the study areas’ tea production and marketing difficulties....
Muhammad Taqi1, Shazia Erum2, Shamaila Rasheed2, Sadar Uddin Siddiqui2 and Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2*
...ext-align: justify;">Overharvesting has posed pressure on Caralluma tuberculata plants resulting in the disappearance of its wild populations in different mountainous regions in Pakistan. A proficient way for large-scale and fast propagation of C. tuberculata through in-vitro organogenesis was carried out at in-vitro lab, Bio-resources Conservation Institute, NARC, Islamabad, Pakistan. Nodal-tips as explants were grown on MS salts enriched with diverse plant g...
Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1
...eld, grain yield and the harvesting index of pearl millet and mung bean were also affected significantly under different sowing geometries. Both crops growth and yield was increased in the narrow row spacing as compared to wider row spacing, whereas, weed density and biomass was decreased in narrow spacing that may be due to less availability of space and more intra and inter specific competition. Maximum land equivalent ratio (1.8) was found under the plot wh...
Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1
...r major crops, and water harvesting through micro-catchments for fruit trees are promising productivity and profitability enhancing farming technologies. Access to market and enabling institutions are critical for adoption of these technologies. Characteristics of adopters of these technologies as delineated above should also be given due consideration in promotion of the technologies....
Samina Malik1, Tahira Jabeen Ursani1, Naheed Mehmood Soomro1, Naeem Tarique Narejo2, Jawaid Ahmed Khokhar1* and Asif Soomro1
...the data from growing to harvesting of sugarcane, two spider guilds were identified on the basis of feeding and circadian behavior. Assemblage of spiders in the sugarcane filed studied under the umbrella of guild study clearly indicate that spiders are voracious predators and excellent biological control agents. Circadian rhythm is necessary for the adaptation in the environment. In present research diurnal behavior was more frequently found as compared with n...
Farzana Begum* and Gohar Ayub
...d to study the effect of harvesting stages i.e. (mature pod of turning stage, brown undried stage and brown dried stage) on seed yield and quality attributes of okra sown at different dates (March 10, March 30, April 19 and May 9) at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab Peshawar, during 2016 and 2017. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having sowing dates as the main plot factor, while harvesting
Lyudmila Yakovlevna Rodionova*, Irina Valeryevna Sobol, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Donchenko, Artem Vasilevich Stepovoy and Andrey Georgievich Koshchaev
...tances in pumpkins after harvesting and storage for 90 days are shown. To assess the quality indicators of pectin substances, their analytical characteristics are determined – the content of free carboxyl groups, methoxyl, and acetyl components. The high content of galacturonic acid determines the technological significance of pumpkins as raw materials for the production of functional food products. The established etherification degree allows considerin...
Zhang Yan1,2 and Muhammad Mohsin3*
...nt to ensure sustainable harvesting of fishery resources in China. Therefore, this study endeavors to estimate the fishery status of Trichiurus lepturus in Shandong, China. For this purpose, fishery statistics, 2007–2018 were statistically evaluated by surplus production models (SPMs). These models were applied to data through computer-based manually operated statistical routines, viz., ASPIC (a stock production model incorporating covariates) and CEDA (...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1,2*, Sobia Ijaz1, Nauman Ali1, Muhammad Saeed Ashraf1, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Muhammad Arshad3, Muhammad Arif1, Jamil Akhtar4, Naeem Iqbal1 and Bushra Zulfiqar5
...der and grain tonnage at harvesting were evaluated and documented. Data of agronomic characteristics and economic returns from all planting densities revealed significant differences. The results indicated that 15 kg ha-1 seed rate produced maximum values of heads m-2 (462.50) which was at par with 17.5 kg ha-1 (450.0 m-2), tillers m-2 and enhanced forage production 2.85% over control (i.e. 20 kg ha-1). Higher grain production (0.85 t ha-1) was noted by seedin...
Shomaila Sikandar1*, Imran Afzal1 and Sadaf Sarfraz2
... after agricultural crop harvesting. Economically mycotoxins infection leads to loss of feedstock, reduced livestock production, human and animal life threatening diseases and major issues leading to global food security. All these factors demand for extensive research for early mycotoxins detection methods and making regularity bodies to contain the spread of mycotoxins. This review summarizes the occurrence and toxicity of five major types of mycotoxins asso...
Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3
...e crop production, wheat harvesting, livestock operations and, cleaning animal sheds was high. Taking into consideration the role of women in farming, the government should take steps to encourage them by providing trainings. The government level training will increase female farmers’ level of involvement and productive capacity in agricultural and livestock management. It was suggested that at the household level, kitchen gardening program should be int...
Irshad Ahmad1,2*
... available for wild fish harvesting. Therefore, other sources of feedstuffs need to be investigated to substitute FM and FO in aquafeeds. Terrestrial crops can be used to substitutes a portion of the FM however; they can result in changes in the nutritional quality of the fish produced. Microalgae can be considered as a favorable alternative that can substitute FM and FO ensuring the principles of sustainability in aquaculture. Microalgae are reasonably rich i...
Alia Tajdar1,3, Shaghef Ejaz2, Muhammad Shah Zaib1, Anum Ishfaq1, Syed Muhammad Zaka1*, Hafiz Muhammad Safeer1 and Khalid Abbas1
...rameters of fruits after harvesting, is an important aspect of post-harvest management. For the management of fruit fly and to keep the natural quality of fruit after harvesting different methods are used (cultural practices, mechanical practices, biological practices), but chemical control practices are dominant among all. Besides quick and effective outcomes of chemical control. It also has side effects (residues in fruits...
Rashid Khan1, Muhammad Sajid2, Saud Khan3*, Jehanzeb4 and Aslam Noor5
... of apricot at different harvesting stages i.e., M1 (greenish), M2 (light yellow) and M3 (orange-yellow) while, storage conditions i.e., packed in plastic bags with F0 (closed), F5 (5 pores), F10 (10 pores), F15 (15 pores), F20 (20 pores) and F25 (25 pores) at 5+2oC. The fruits were then analyzed for different quality parameters at 0 and 25 days storage. The harvesting stages (HS), perforated plastics (PP), storage duration ...
Adel B. Salama and Reham M. Sabry*
...uate the effect of petal harvesting on flower heads fresh and dry weights, monthly and cumulative number of flower heads/plant, seed yield, fixed oil percentage and fatty acid analysis of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis). A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to arrange the treatments in three replicates, (H): petal harvesting and (C): without petal harvesting (control). P...
Muhammad Hasnain1*, Ghulam Mustafa2, Asif-ur-Rehman3, Ali Raza4, Abrar Ahmad4, Taj Muhammad4, Muhammad Rafiq Shahid4, Umair Faheem5, Muhammad Shahid4, Muhammad Akram4 and Muhammad Kashif Nadeem5
...l as yield at the end of harvesting as compared to the control. Increasing amino acid percentages (Promise 6.55%, Flagon 10.00%, and Izabion 62.55%) also increased the number of fruits at the fully mature stage i.e., 1.43%, 1.82%, and 2.20%, respectively. As compared to control, there were statistically significant differences. The increased the percentage of amino acids also increased the yield, Izabi on was 105.9kg/plant, whereas Promise and Flagon showed 96...
Shakir Ullah1* and Lubna Shakir2
...hemical yield and age of harvesting is not linear. Harvesting at a lower age of < 2 months gives fewer phytochemicals than at 3-4.5 months, which seems to be optimal. It was also found that E. helioscopia, (sun spurge or madwoman’s milk) from Arrang District Bajaur contains the highest phytoconstituents of all studied sites. Additional research is needed to identify the individual phytochemical components fully. Bio...
Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2, Imtiaz Hussain3, Gulzar Ullah1, Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Arshad Farooq3 and Rashid Muhammad4
...tes at various stages of harvesting, i.e., Lemon green, Semi-ripe and Ripe. The extracted oil from Manzanilla fruits has lower Peroxide Value (POV) (3.21 meq kg-1) with high chlorophyll (4.58 mg L-1) as well as Phenol (616.67 mg kg-1) contents. The extracted oil from Frontoio fruits exhibited a lower percentage of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) (0.43%) and a higher carotene content (2.70 mg L-1). These quality values fell within the established standards for extra vir...
AAMIR MAHMOOD1, ZAHOOR AHMAD SAJID* & SHEZA AYAZ KHILJI2
... days on final treatment harvesting was carried out, leaf samples were taken for analyzing biochemical attributes (protein contents, antioxidants enzyme activates). A decrease in seed germination percentage from 95.22 (at control) to 25.34% (at 120 mM salt stress) and shoot length from 86.12 (at control) to 42.36 cm (at 120 mM salt stress) was observed. Similar decreasing pattern of growth was observed in case of pot grown plants after 60 days. The results sug...
Ashar Farooq1*, Mohammad Salim2, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Zahid Rauf1, Ahmed Hussain2 and Muhammad Bilal Zia1
...to be the best stage for harvesting to maximize forage yield and nutritive value.
Keywords: Clipping stages, Fresh yield, Dry Matter (DM), In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) ...
Keywords: Clipping stages, Fresh yield, Dry Matter (DM), In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) ...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Raees Khan
...osition of ban on forest harvesting in 1993 forest was contributing 43% revenue to provincial exchequer. Forest has the tremendous potential and scope for employment in the fields of forest protection, harvesting, conversion, transportation, marketing of timber and reforestation operations.
Scientific forest management not only ensure sustainability of forests in terms of crop health, fulfillment of silvicultural requ...
Mazhar Iqbal1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh3
...;s skills; and out-dated harvesting system were some of the identified governance issues that needs redressal both at policy and implementation level.
Keywords: Forest Governance, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Joint Forest Management
...
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
......
M. Nafees and Zahid Ullah
...of forest department and harvesting was banned for five years after consultation with the local people. On termination of the ban, a household located adjacent to the Tara-Gat Mountain, demarcated the newly forested area as his personal property. This created a conflict with the rest of the communal owners. Consequently the other communal owners started cutting the trees in the demarcated area. This initiated heavy deforestation that continued till the mountai...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... despite official ban on harvesting of green trees during this period. The carbon stocks are depleting at a rate of approximately 1.78% due to burning of 31.6 million m3 fuelwood annually which is adding considerable amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The deforestation, mostly due to illegal logging, is affecting multiple uses of forest resources, and equity and fairness within and between generations. It is increasing poverty directly in...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari, Maryum Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...ity and vulnerability to harvesting. Questionnaires were adopted for interviews of local inhabitants, herbalists, pansaries, park authorities and societies on random bases. Only 26 species have been found as marketable medicinal plants collected by the inhabitants, drug dealers and herbalists for their socioeconomic value. Among the species sold in the local market, 3 species i.e., Asparagus adscendens Roxb., Berberis lyceum Royle. and Viola c...
Siraj-ud-Din and Abdul Waheed Baloch
...histan.
Rainwater harvesting and dry afforestation techniques were compared with conventional method of planting (simple pit planting) of three species viz. Pistacia khinjak, Elaeagnus angustifolium and Atriplex spp. at Mianghundi Quetta. The above techniques were also compared at Karak valley on Atriplex canisence, A. lentiformus, Ailanthus sp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Data on survival of all species and height of Atriplex canisence was recorded...
Rainwater harvesting and dry afforestation techniques were compared with conventional method of planting (simple pit planting) of three species viz. Pistacia khinjak, Elaeagnus angustifolium and Atriplex spp. at Mianghundi Quetta. The above techniques were also compared at Karak valley on Atriplex canisence, A. lentiformus, Ailanthus sp. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Data on survival of all species and height of Atriplex canisence was recorded...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...e is found vulnerable to harvesting. Acacia modesta Wall, A. nilotica (L.) Delile, and Dodonaea viscous (L) Jacq. Are found under pressure of being used as fuelwood....
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
...re measured, followed by harvesting and determination of dry matter of foliage. Both mycorrhizal fungi caused substantial increase in net photosynthesis and PWUE over non mycorrhizal (NM) control, but none of the mycorrhizas resulted in significant change in total dry matter or shoot-root allocation of dry matter. Net photosynthesis measured over time increased from morning then it declined to the minimum at mid-day, thereafter, net photosynthesis slightly inc...
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
... of water
conservation, harvesting and planting techniques were
investigated for the establishment of tree plantations
in the dry regions. The roaded catchments,
microcatchments, and individual basins proved effective
and economical for dry affoestation. Plastic mulching,
drip irrigation, pitcher irrigation and deep planting
were also successfully used for this purpose. A number
of multipurpose tree species adapted to the desert environmental condition...
Bashir Hussain Shah
...times by using the water harvesting system....
Muhammad Khurshid Swati and Muhammad Afzal Cheema
... tree. In the process of harvesting and conversion into logs or scants a certain proportion
of the standing volume is lost as smallwood,
Pharas, kurf or left as stump on the ground. The outtern volume of trees in logs or in scants primarily depends on parameters such as species, taper, site quality and density of the crop. At present there is no sound basis for accurate assessment of outturn volume in the form of logs and scants a certain forest. As s...
M. Tahir Laeeq and Raja Walayat Hussain
...nd
cattle feed frequent harvesting is preferred. The plants
may be planted at a wider spacing and retained for more
then two years for uses like charcoal, poles, posts and
agricultural implements....
Sabah U. Randhawa and Kidon D. Olsen
...valuation and control of harvesting systems
in a problem of considerable importance in the forest
products industry. Modeling of timber harvesting system
include considerations such as production rates,
equipment breakdown, fixed and variable costs material
flow and scheduling priorities. The resulting
mathematical analysis is not computationally feasible.
Computer simulation can be effectively used to
accurately rep...
M. Ayaz
...improved tools in timber harvesting on the basis of
technical labour productivity under an equal and
maximum work stress. Result of the study reveal that the
technical labour productivity of conventional and
improved tools at maximum work stress is 0.47 and 0.61m3
of timber and firewood per man hour respectively.
Improved tools were found to have (30%) higher
productivity than conventional tools in tree felling and
conversion and therefore w...
K. M. Siddiqui
...rying out their
timber harvesting and marketing either departmentally (Punjab and
Sindh) or through public corporations (NWFP and Azad Kashmir). In
the beginning, all these organizations were using tools and methods
of forest contractors because there were no arrangements within the
country to train the staff in improved methods of tree felling,
conversion and transportation and for conducting research to find
out the best methods for the local c...
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
...ning stand and site....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... tree species. The water harvesting
methods used i9nvolved preparation of trenches with and
without catchments, sloping catchments without a trench,
pits and flat ground to serve as control.
The tree species tested included Acacia albida (Sudan). Acacia aneura (Australia), Amodesta, A. tortilis (Sudan), A. victoriae. (Australia), Parkisonia aculeate, Prosopis cineraria and Tecoma undulate. The results over a ...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...,439 metric
tonnes. The harvesting and storage practices are faulty.
Soil erosion is common on steep slopes. Scare scientific
data is available and no organization for the management
of rangelands exists. The livestock breeds, disease
control and marking are primitive. The important
recommendations given include comprehensive survey,
formation of grazing cooperatives, preparation of range
management plans, chopping of maize stalks,
Mohammad Noor
...ried
forage in both the harvesting seasons. None of the
ecotypes / species showed any significant difference in
the number of established plants among themselves except
Festuca elatior (Kenwell) which had significantly more
number of established plants as compared with other
ecotypes/species.
...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, B.H. Shah and A. Aleem
...experiment on rain water harvesting was conducted in Thal desert to asses the efficiency of different treatments of the catchment plots to induce maximum runoff. The results showed that mud plaster (soil + wheat straw ) was the effective and economical treatment
for rain water harvesting as it induced on an average maximum runoff, 11.03 m3 per catchment plot, about 78.14% of total rainfall received by the catchme...
Mohammad Ayaz and K. M. Siddiqui
...ntial to speed up timber harvesting operations so that enough time is
available for regeneration work as well as to increase the labour productivity. It
has been observed in many countries that power chain saws are more than three
times efficient in timber production during felling and conversion than hand tools
(Pearce and Stenzel, 1972). Hence their use is quite common in the developed
countries. However, considerable research is needed to determine th...
G. M. Khattak and M. I. Sheikh
...4-4-1980. From sowing to harvesting on 2-5-1980, 240 mm rain was received....
Abdul Aleem and M. Noor
... determine the effect of harvesting frequency on Napier hybrid bajra (fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly and final) and Vicia sativa (monthly,1-1/2 monthly, bimonthly and final). Final harvest produced significantly more forage as compared to monthly and bimonthly (Napier hybrid bajra) and 1-1/2 monthly and bimonthly (Vicia sativa) harvests (0.05 levels). Highly significant (0.01) results were obtained in case of fortnightly (Napier hybrid bajra) an...
Taj Ali Wazir and S. M. A. Shah
... The effects of stage of harvesting, methods of retting, different levels of relative humidity, and anatomical characteristics on the strength of the filaments were examined.
...
Danh Mo
...icantly (P<0.05) when harvesting at times from 3, 5, 7 to 9 weeks following planting and regeneration. With a yield of 22.4 tons/ha/year, the harvest period of 9 weeks had the best yield. Wedelia tends to lose nutritive value (P<0.05) when harvesting time increases (crude protein, CP 10.4-18.8% DM and acid detergent fiber, ADF 20.1-33.5% DM). Significantly (P<0.05) lower in CP and higher in ADF, the regenerated Wede...
Muddassir Ali, Fraz Ahmad Khan*, Mohsin Ali Raza, Muhammad Shahid Munir and Muhammad Usman Saleem
...xt-align: justify;">Rice harvesting is generally done by hand or with a combine harvester. The major challenges include loss of yield and quality during the harvesting process. Rice yield and quality losses may be minimized with the use of a suitable harvesting method. This study aims to evaluate the different paddy harvesting methods in terms of grain l...
Muti Ul Hannan1, Wazir Ahmed1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Muhammad Baqir Hussain1 and Khuram Mubeen1
...hanges has delayed wheat harvesting and monsoon arrival in Pakistan and thus, cotton sowing in Pakistan particularly in Southern Punjab cannot be completed in time. Late sown cotton faces problem of heat stress at reproductive growth stages which results in significant reduction of yield with poor fiber quality. Additionally, soil health of Pakistani soils is very poor due to low soil organic matter, non-judicial use of fertilizers and high cropping intensity ...
Byamungu Mayange Tomple1*, Ik-Hwan Jo2, Rajaraman Bharanidharan1, Seun-Gun Won2 and Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid3*
...complete block with four harvesting periods (100, 110, 120, and 130 days after planting - DAP) and four manure fertilization levels (0, 150, 200, and 250 kg N/ha), each replicated thrice. The findings revealed a positive correlation between manure fertilization application and kenaf growth, with the greatest plant height observed at the highest manure fertilization levels. The manure fertilization application level of 200 kg N/ha resulted in the highest dry ma...
Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz
...nd growth. Various water harvesting techniques such as mud plaster, conservation contour trenches, V-shaped micro-catchments, hillside ditches, roaded catchments, water spreading, and individual basins were investigated to determine their efficiency and effectiveness. Deep planting and plastic mulching were extensively used for this purpose. Several multipurpose tree species were recommended for the desert environmental conditions in Thal, such as Acacia albid...
Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1
...ent practices in fields, harvesting, processing, transportation, storage, and distribution. This waste not only represents a loss of food but also leads to degradation of valuable components, including bioactive compounds, with significant implications for various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utilization are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adopting new technologies to achieve high recovery...
Roshita Ibrahim1*, Anis Nursyazwani Aminuddin1 and Mohd Nizam Lani2
...n for the first mushroom harvesting was led by treatment of combined ES-HLI with 30.4 days. Electrical shock has also resulted in the highest yield and percentage biological efficiency of 378.5 g and 75.7% respectively. The average pileus diameter in control was only 6.16 cm, however, high light intensity treatment produced a larger size of mushroom with an average pileus diameter of 10.09 cm and had the lightest colour compared to other treatments. In conclus...
Ana Mehak1, Muhammad Mohsin1* and Muhammad Ahsan Raza2,3
...n. To ensure sustainable harvesting of this fishery resource and long-term economic exploitation, current management measures should be strengthened along with further research....
Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi*, Saifullah
...iculture and the illicit harvesting of trees for fuel wood and construction reasons. Implementation of strict regulations and community-based forest management to combat the threats of land conversion and illicit tree harvesting, while promotion of reforestation and alternative energy sources in the Matta subdivision of Swat Valley are highly recommended....
Featuring
-
Phytosociology of Subtropical Chir Pine Forest of Matta Forest Subdivision
Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Saifullah
Pakistan Journal of Forestry, Vol. 74, Iss. 2, Pages 63-69
-
Utilization of Non-Wood Fibers as Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper Production in Pakistan: A Review
Muhammad Umair Khan, Abdur Rehman, Mansoor Ali Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan, Sajid Ali and Zeeshan Ahmad
Pakistan Journal of Forestry, Vol. 74, Iss. 2, Pages 53-62
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