Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**
POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ter is lost from surface runoff annually. Soil erosion, along with arid climate, erratic rainfall and undulating topography makes land productivity very low and the livelihood of rural people even hard. Soil and water conservation under such an environment could provide the foundation for agricultural and natural resource development. To develop appropriate technologies for increasing land productivity through soil and water conservation, applied research has ...
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...rainage density of water runoff and slope gradient reduction of soil index was severe. The tillage degradation index value moderate (0.57), overgrazing index (0.32) fall in the severity scale category. Soil structure degradation index was moderate (0.44) followed by salinization degradation of moderate (0.53) index value. The study concludes that the LD existed in the area in all the dimensions and its sub-indicators having different value severity on the meas...
Mahmood Alam Khan, Afzal Munir, Muahmmad Shahzad Khattak, Daulat Khan, Muhammad Ajmal
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...estimated by subtracting runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the runoff produced from rainfall events. As per the data provided by Pakistan Metrological Department, Peshawar, average annual rainfall in district Peshawar during 2002-2011 was 486.1 mm. The weighted curve number (CN) was found to be 82.0. Mean annual runoff
Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Afzal Munir1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal1
GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
... subtracting
runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the
runoff produced from rainfall events. As per the data provided by Pakistan Metrological Department, Peshawar,
average annual rainfall in district Peshawar during 2002-2011 was 486.1 mm. The weighted curve number (CN) was
found to be 82.0. Mean annual
Chen Tongde1, Fakher Abbas1, Jiao Juying1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2*, An Shoshan1, Muhammad Ansar3, Qaiser Hussain2, Mah-Noor Azad2 andAyaz Ahmad2
...s caused by rainfall and runoff on excavated slopes, dump slopes, roadside slopes and brick factories. Due to overgrazing, gravity erosion and gully erosion also occurred in some natural hillsides. The range of soil erosion of the 15 investigation units was about 5.14~133.89 t ha-1 year-1. The soil erosion in Pothohar Plateau mainly occurred in construction land. The soil erosion caused by development and construction projects should be s...
Afifatul H.A. Adilah1, Junun Sartohadi2* and Suci Handayani1
...affect the production of runoff. Field evidence is needed to support it as a suitable plant for soil and water conservation efforts. The study was conducted using a field survey method equipped with soil characteristic measurements in the laboratory. The data collection process began with a study of the landscape of the research area which was divided into three zones, namely residual, erosion, and deposition. In each zone, coconut and Mahogany plants were sel...
Nurul Fajeriana1*, Akhmad Ali1 and Retno Puspa Rini2
...il pores are filled with runoff water, resulting in erosion and sedimentation at the tail. If the organic matter in the topsoil is washed away by rainfall, it becomes evident that agricultural productivity declines. In areas with steep slopes, loss of topsoil is associated with water flowing downhill. Based on these factors, the study was conducted to compare and analyze soil tillage and contour-oriented planting models with the aim of minimizing erosion and s...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...towards south, joins the runoff water of the same quantity received through monsoon rains in the low lying areas during these months and thus the quantity of water is doubled in the Indus Basin. The result is thus floods of more than a million cusecs as experienced in 2010. This unfortunate phenomenon is a matter of routine in our country with slight fluctuation in the intensity of floods every year.
In the months of June and July, we witness floods ...
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...ting in less erosion and runoff on the steep slope. The medium and gentle slopes were much degraded by over grazing, faulty land cultivation and stress of timber and fuel wood due to ease of accessibility. For soil and water conservation it is suggested that, the land should be utilized according to its capability class, grazing should be regulated through a proper system, plantation along with protection of local as well as exotic species should be carried ou...
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...d engineering on surface runoff and sediment yield in
five contiguous small catchments having almost similar
slopes and soil characteristics. Different treatments
namely; mix plantation with engineering techniques, mix
plantation, pure chir pine plantation with engineering
techniques and pure chir pine plantation with range land
improvement practices were randomly applied to four
sub-catchments, while the 5th one was kept untreated and
open to grazing....
Bashir Hussain Shah
...hat there was no surface runoff and sediment yield from the catchment treated with bench terraces, while it was maximum from the catchment treated with only strip cropping. There was no significant difference in water and sediment yield from the other two catchments treated with conservation benches with trees and grasses on slopes respectively. The crop, forage, and the biomass production of Ipil ipil data showed that maximum farm productivity is from the cat...
Bashir Hussain Shah
...ective in increasing the runoff and are economical to
construct and maintain. It was also observed that water
production to cropping area ratio at Kharian should be
1:2. The study indicated that crop production can be
enhanced by 40% and tree growth can be increased by
three times by using the water harvesting system....
S. Hasan Abbas and M. Hanif
...ices (mainly planting)on runoff and sediment release an experiment was conducted at two sites in Hazara. The analysis of 6 years data collected, reveled that planting coupled with closure to grazing on the slops proved to be extremely helpful in reducing the runoff and sediment release form 30% to 1% and 239 gms/plot to 10 gm per plot respectively. The reduction was highly significant....
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh, B.H. Shah and A. Aleem
... plots to induce maximum runoff. The results showed that mud plaster (soil + wheat straw ) was the effective and economical treatment
for rain water harvesting as it induced on an average maximum runoff, 11.03 m3 per catchment plot, about 78.14% of total rainfall received by the catchment plot. The next better treatments are mudplaster (soil + cowdung). Polythene sheet cover and sodium carbonate spray which produ...
Mohammad Hanif
...was effective to produce runoff. The capacity of the experimental watershed to reduce runoff
and sediment decreased from 1973 to1977 due probably to the siltation of check dams and the destruction of vegetation. It started rising in 1978 due probably to repairs to spillways, and better protection from grazing.
...
Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz
...itive outcomes regarding runoff induction, survival rates, and the growth of tree species. This review recommends adopting specific water harvesting techniques for dry land forestry and range improvement in different geographical areas based on these research findings....
Ngele Blessing Alfred, Agba Mary-Ibenreh Ogaboh*, Bassey Rosemary Anietie and Egeh Ajah Egwu
...charge and environmental runoff. In many underdeveloped areas, untreated wastewater is used to irrigate crops, potentially harming them. This study investigated the impact of irrigation with various concentrations of a common commercial laundry detergent in Nigeria (Ariel) on maize seedlings’ germination, growth, and physiological processes, including oxidative stress enzymes activities and chlorophyll content. A mixture of sawdust and sand (1:1) was uti...
Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1,2, Hafizan Juahir1,2*, Azimah Ismail1, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir3,5, Setyo Budi Kurniawan1,4 and Ahmad Jusoh5
...athion from agricultural runoff. The study focused on how particle size and dosage of GAC impact the removal efficiency. Therefore, this study revealed that particle size and dosage of granular activated carbon significantly affect the removal efficiency of malathion from agricultural runoff. As the initial malathion concentration (7 µg L-1) was lowered to approximately 1.14 and 1.5 µg L-1 f...
Muhammad Waqas1*, Razia Bashir1, Haroon Ali2, Arslan Shahzad1 and Tehmina Saddique3
... algae from agricultural runoff had the highest lipid extraction efficiency at 3.9%, while industrial effluent samples had the lowest at 3.56%. The hot plate magnetic stirrer method achieved 1.38% efficiency. An algae to n-Hexane ratio of 1:3 and smaller particle sizes yielded higher lipid extractions. The findings suggest that the Hot Plate Magnetic Stirrer method is more effective in lipid extraction from Spirogyra microalgae for biodiesel production. This u...
Hina Jabeen*, Usman Irshad, Kainat Azhar, Alisha Fatima, Asma Zaheer Abbasi, Tayyaba Sadia and Jaweria Aqeel
...ustrial and agricultural runoff. Heavy metals concentration in the seven fish species was analyzed from different riverine and marine sites of Pakistan. Freshwater fish were collected from Rawal Dam (Islamabad), Mini Dam at Fateh Jang (Attock) and Sulemanki Headworks at River Satluj, Head Sulemanki at River Satluj, River Jhelum, River Chenab and marine fish species were collected from Karachi coastal region. The concentrations of cadmium, chromium, nickel, lea...
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