Effects of Pesticides on the Breeding Behavior, Hatching Success and Survival Rate of Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) in Bahawalpur Division, Punjab, Pakistan
Effects of Pesticides on the Breeding Behavior, Hatching Success and Survival Rate of Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) in Bahawalpur Division, Punjab, Pakistan
Muhammad Talha Imtiaz1, Ghulam Yasin1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Tanveer Hussain2, Muhammad H. Hamed3, Ihsan Qadir1, Muhammad Farooq Azhar1 and Junaid Naseer2
Climate and temperature of Division Bahawalpur.
Map of study area showing location of nests of Indian roller (Coracias Banghalensis).
Population density of Indian roller in different study areas during different months.
Physical appearance of nest of Indian roller (Coracias banghalensis), (A) eggs, (B) Altricial chicks immediately after hatching, (C) Partially feathered youngs 2-3 weeks after hatching and (D) fully feathered youngs.
Nesting preference of Indian roller on dead or live trees.
Nesting tree preference.
Orientations of nesting cavities of Indian roller (A), and direction of wind of different velocity classes (B). The scale shows h per year.
Nest survival rate (A), clutch size (B), no. of eggs hatched (C), hatching success percentage (D), successfully fledged nestlings (E), fledging success-eggs (F) and fledging success-youngs (G) of Indian roller in different study areas.
