Mutational Analysis of Cadherin and v-ATPase Genes in Pink Bollworm and Resistance Towards Bt Cotton Through In-Vitro Insect Feeding Assay
Mutational Analysis of Cadherin and v-ATPase Genes in Pink Bollworm and Resistance Towards Bt Cotton Through In-Vitro Insect Feeding Assay
Ejaz Ali1*, Shahbaz Ahmed2, Bushra Tabassum1,2, Uzma Qaisar2 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir1,3
Amplification of Cadherin and v-ATPase gene fragments from PBW local isolate. (A) The selected pink bollworms for screening (B) The amplified fragments of v-ATPase (~1149 bp) and Cadherin ~1224 bp.
Mutational analysis of the cadherin gene sequence deduced from PBW and in-silico structure predictions. (A, B) deduced nucleotide sequence of reference cadherin sequence available in GenBank and query sequence depicting no change (C, D) protein structure of reference sequence and deduced sequence of cadherin gene from local PBW isolate showing no change in protein structure.
Mutational analysis of the v-ATPase gene sequence deduced from PBW and in-silico structure predictions. (A) shows SNP 593 T>C, p.V198A (B) the protein structure of control with amino acid valine at 198 (C) shows the protein structure of a sample with amino acid alanine at 198. (D) shows SNP 648 T>C, p.Y216Y. (E) The protein structure of the control and sample with no changes in the amino acid at 216. (F) shows SNP 663 C>T, p.Y221Y, and SNP 666 G>A, p. G222G. (G) shows the protein structures of control and samples with no amino acid changes at positions 221 and 222.
In-vitro feeding assay of pink bollworm on non-Bt-cotton and Bt-cotton. (A) Second instar larvae of PBW fed on leaf and immature cotton boll samples collected from Bt and non-Bt cotton plants, (B) Percentage mortality of pink bollworm while fed on non-Bt-and Bt-cotton, (C) Morphology of PBW fed on Bt cotton before and after 5-days feeding trial. The alive larvae and dead larvae are clearly visible.
