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Nanoplastic-Induced Immune Modulation and Histopathological Changes in Oreochromis niloticus at Different Salinity Levels

Nanoplastic-Induced Immune Modulation and Histopathological Changes in Oreochromis niloticus at Different Salinity Levels

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Nuh Fathsyah Siregar1, Ghaitsa Zahira Sofa1, Hisyam Rizky Saputra1, Manikya Pramudya1, Firli Rahmah Primula Dewi1, Agoes Soegianto1, Febriyansyah Saputra1, Aunurohim2, Alfiah Hayati1*

Figure 1:

Immune response and oxidative stress exposed to NPs at different salinity levels. (a) IL-12; (b) MDA; (c) IFN γ; (d) TNF-α levels in fish exposed to various NP concentrations: 0 ppt (control), 0 ppt + NP, 2.5 ppt + NP, 5 ppt + NP, 10 ppt + NP, and 15 ppt + NP. All of the data were displayed by mean ±SD. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).

Figure 2:

Cytokine concentrations (IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α) and MDA levels in the spleen of fish exposed to (NP) (Orange bars) compared to non-exposed fish (blue bars). a) IL-12, b) MDA, c) IF-γ, d) TNF-α. All of the data were displayed by mean ±SD (α= 0.05). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).

Figure 3:

Histological analysis of tilapia testis after 25 days of exposure to NPs. Panel A: control (0 ppt without NPs); Panel B: 0 ppt + NPs; Panel C: 2.5 ppt + NPs; Panel D: 5 ppt + NPs; Panel E: 10 ppt + NPs; Panel F: 15 ppt + NPs. SPG: Spermatogonia; SPTC: Spermatocytes; SPTD: Spermatids; C: Cyst Sections. All samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed at 400x magnification.

Figure 4:

The number of spermatogenic and cysts after NPs exposure. (a) Spermatogonium (SPG) (b) Spermatocytes (SPTC) (c) Spermatids (SPTD) (d) Cyst Count. All of the data were displayed by mean ±SD (α= 0.05). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.05).

Figure 5:

Diameter of seminiferous tubules (a) and cysts (b) after NPs exposure. All of the data were displayed by mean ± SD (α = 0.05). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p<0.0001).

Figure 6:

Histology of tilapia liver after exposure to NPs for 25 days. A= control (0 ppt without NPs); B= 0 ppt + NPs; C= 2.5 ppt + NPs; D = 5 ppt + NPs; E = 10 ppt + NPs; F = 15 ppt + NPs. CV: central vein; V: cytoplasmic vacuolation and CG: congestion. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and observed at 400x magnification.

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

April

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 57, Iss. 2, pp. 501-1001

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