Shahid Ali, Munir Khan
...nificant. Farmers’ education was found to be major determinant of technical efficiency/inefficiency. The esti- mated coefficient of farmers’ education was negative and statistically significant, implies that techni- cal inefficiency decreases with the increase in farmers’ education. The use of more labour and tractor plough hours would increase wheat production in the cou...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...y area as poor. Level of education, access to training and membership of farmer-groups negatively influenced accountability at p<0.05. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that agricultural extension policies that will ensure accountability of extension to farmers should be put in place. Farmers should also be enlightened in order to create awareness as to their rights as clientele in the extension process. ...
Faheem Khan*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...t evaluating the role of education in enhancing sugarcane yield. Two districts namely Mardan and Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province were selected for this purpose. A multi-stage sampling method was used to draw sample of 336 sugarcane growers for the present study and an interview schedule was used to solicit responses that addressed the research objectives. The findings from the study showed that 80 percent of respondents were illiterate while the 20 p...
Gareth Longden
...sidence, employment, and education background of the members....
Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox
...ol settings and informal educational roles. We therefore may expect little existential angst; this was found to be only partially true. Some have found other expressions of their talents, while others anxiously await the opportunity to find alternate means of financial support. Specific issues of Jewish dietary practice, Sabbath observance and daily prayer are addressed, as well as an exploration of the rabbis’ connection to the Jewish people, despite wa...
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...rcut the value of modern education, and the ideology of radicals. Not least of all, this approach, as history suggests, has a good chance of reinvigorating modernity in affected Muslim communities....
Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2
...n recent years given the educational status of farmers contributed to this emergence....
Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak
... showed that experience, education, landholding size and total income had positive relationship with access to credit whereas, age and farmers’ group had negative association with access to credit. Our findings suggest that there is a need to revamp the policy to address the interests of small landholders, particularly those who possess land less than 5 acres because they had limited access to formal sources of credit....
Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai
...al that the factors like education, experience and distance from the main market, are the most influential determinants of the technical efficiency in both NonBT and BT- cotton farms. Extension of cotton production required the development of cottonseed that will be suitable for environmental conditions of Pakistan....
Muhammad Aslam
...on, improved agriculture-education-training-research- extension-nexus, reclamation of salinized lands, improved agricultural credit and support price policies. Recommendations include improving agricultural research and extension systems, accelerating diffusion and adoption of latest agriculture technologies and inputs, enhancing good quality seed production, improving irrigation water management and improving reclamation and drainage....
Haidar Ali, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Himayatullah Khan
...d communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. The study recommends that with the decrease in the size of holdings unemployment in the agriculture sector is likely to increase. There is a need to create off-farm employment opportunities. Agro based industries seems to potential area to generate employment opportunities. Simultaneously there is need for initiating skill development programs.
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
...nicity, communal domain, education level, employment status and demographic factors (drug route, drug dose) have bearing upon heroin addiction was collected. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Early age of addiction onset, low literacy rate, peer pressure, occupation type, and stress are among risk factors increasing susceptibility towards heroin addiction in our studied cohort. Drug abuse initiated at an early age seems to tri...
Oluwasogo David Olorunfemi, Oluwasegun Adetokunbo Adekunle, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Temitope Oluwaseun Oladele and Oladimeji Idowu Oladele
... had one level of formal education or the other (82.5%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between the respondents’ training needs on value addition initiatives and their age, educational level, years of experience and fish farm income. The value addition initiatives use profile of the fish farmers was still very low among the respondents and training was highly needed on value addition initiative...
Qamar Ali, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan
...sticity was positive for education, polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemical, irrigation and labour days. Under utilization of resources was found for polythene sheet, fertilizers, chemicals, irrigation and labour days. Over utilization of resources was observed for seed quantity and use of tractor. There exist decreasing return to scale (87.7%) but its value will surely increase after efficient use of inputs. A little adjustment is required in the use of inputs...
Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi
... parameters were highest educations level in the family, total operational holding, last year yield of sunflower, access to extension services and share of non-agricultural income. By increasing 1 percent in these parameters will increase the probability for adoption of sunflower. Keeping in view the importance of this crop it is suggested to provide market structure for sunflower growers near to their field areas and Research efforts should be made to overcom...
Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan
...cant. The coefficient of education reveals that in study area inefficiency raised with increase in grower’s formal education. In order to increase grower’s productivity government should ensure the provision of quality extension services. Many of the farmers achieving high and consistent yield and then obtaining high technical efficiency in study area can be used effectively to demonstrate the benefits of good fa...
Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin
...cultural schemes, formal education and in-formal education should be realized. During and after conducting the agricultural research, it is needed to recommend the farmers about the rate of inputs application i.e. seed, pesticide spray and NPK that are best suited to the local weather patterns and cropping systems....
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...rograms and their higher educational qualification. The differences were considered as training needs and the AEOs need in-service training to enhance their ability in agricultural mechanization. A significantly high competency level was found in describing the agriculture machines and equipments and use of hand tools and implements. Most of the respondents have high competency level having practical farming experience. Study suggests pre-service along with in...
Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah
...in livestock farming and education, education of the household head, access to credit, livestock income, tenural status and distance to city significantly affect women’s involvement in livestock farming. Based on these findings the study recommends that significance of women participation to livestock sector must be recognized in government planes and policies. The provision of credit and livestock training facilities ...
Mazher Abbas1, Irfan Mahmood1*, Arshed Bashir1, Tahir Mehmood2, Khalid Mahmood1 and Zubair Ikram1
...for citrus. Average age, education and experience of the citrus growers were estimated 43.92 years, 9.74 schooling years and 17.72 years respectively. The awareness and adoption of recommended citrus practices was generally good. The results of the logit model for adoption of recommended irrigation practices however postulate positive and significant impact of citrus producing experience and family income on adoption of recommended number of irrigation and hoe...
Predicting Honey Production using Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network Algorithms in Apiculture
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...e age of beekeeper (AB), education level (EL), number of full beehives (NFB), bee race (BR), the time spent in plateau (TSP), feed of autumn and spring (FAS), working period in apiculture during year (WPA), frequency of changing queen (FCQ), and controlling beehives in summer (CFB), respectively. Minimum beekeeping farm numbers for parent and child nodes were arranged as 8:4 in CART, CHAID and Exhaustive CHAID for attaining the best predictive performance in A...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ized by increasing their educational level and providing training opportunities especially in supervision and administration to deal effectively with all the stakeholders of the farming community....
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar1,2,*, Akhtar Ali2, Asif Nadeem1, Abdul Wajid1, Sajjad Ali Shah3, Sadaf Rashid4, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...cant difference in their education (p-value 0.0002). The prevalence of C allele was 13.5% in disease, 5.83% in controls and found significant with p-value 0.007. These findings suggest that c.G745C in COMT gene has a significant association and a possible role in the OCD development in Pakistani patients.
...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1
...icients demonstrate that education, frequency of FAs visits, accessibility of FAs office and establishment of demonstration have highly significant association with provision of new knowledge at (P≤0.01) level of probability. Analysis of variance confirms that most of the farmers with more than 20 hectare land visit the offices of FAs more frequently. Rank Based Quotient technique depicted that the top priority problem identified in the study area was the s...
Haidar Ali* and Malik Muhammad Shafi
...ients of household size, educational level of the sampled respondent, age of the sample small farmer, were positively related to the off-farm employment. While farm area operated was negatively but significantly related to off-farm employment. Similarly the small farm households of developed villages perform more off-farm employment than the small farm households of underdeveloped villages. This could be associated to the developed means of transport and commu...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...ic infection in farmers, education concerned and shepherds of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. One hundred and fifteen (11.04%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal protozoans. Forty one (35.6%) of the participants were infected with single parasite and seventy four (64.3%) with multiple infections.
Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5
...ancies. Additionally low educational status and poor dietary habits showed high risks of anemia among the pregnant women....
Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1
...ts suggested that’ education, training and credit availability can play a significant role in increasing the output efficiency of strawberry farmers in the study area. ...
Muhammad Luqman1,3, Raheel Saqib2*, Xu Shiwei3 and Yu Wen3
... agricultural extension, education and other farm advisory services. The study was conducted in district Sargodha located in the central Punjab, Pakistan. Personal interviews were conducted from male head as well as spouses of each selected farm family. The total sample size of the study was 300 (150 male and 150 female spouses). A designed structured questionnaire was prepared for the data collection as the research instrument. The data thus collected were co...
Ronaq Zaman*, Shahid Ali and Inam Ullah
Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8
...transport communication, education and other consumptions have a relatively lower correlation with the rural households’ per capita income. The prediction accuracy grade is good for all per capita income and rural households’ consumption except the educational consumption grade that is just qualified. Finally we can forecast the future development trend of rural households’ consumption structure and income ...
Uzma Zahid
...leadership, achievement, educational) and their relationship with life-satisfaction in final year medical school students of both genders. This cross-sectional study was carried out in final year students of a medical college in Rawalpindi, Pakistan using 24 items revised English Version of Career Aspiration Scale (CAS) and 5 items Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). This study was conducted on total 88 final year medical school students, among them 44 were m...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...ng on detailed nutrition education along with ensuring the availability of healthy and affordable gluten free choices, instead of merely emphasizing on compliance to gluten free diet, may ensure good nutritional status of Pakistani celiac patients.
...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...nfections among farmers, education concerned and shepherds of Swat, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. Two hundred and twenty one (21.2%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal tapeworms. Seventy seven (7.39%) of the participants were infected with single parasite and one hundred forty four (13.8%) with multiple infections. Taen...
Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed
...28.100+4.824 years, mean education was 12.400+2.138 years, mean BMI was 29.420+5.075 and mean household income was PKR 25641+16251.543. With these characteristics, the mean birth weight of2.814+0.551 kg was recorded. Four percent (n=2) had very low food security and 34% (n=17) women had low food security. Importantly, food unsecured women had a 5.439 times increased risk of delivering a low birth weight neonate (RR=5.439, CI=1.710-17.296, p=0.002). Regression ...
Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid
...nd between maternal age, education and socio economic status. Anemia in pregnancy nowadays is still a common problem in adolescent and young primigravida and associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Prompt measure should be taken by the stake holders at local and national level to prevent and treat this problem in order to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with it. ...
Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***
RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...adopters. More access to education and other social indicators increases the chances to adopt new technologies by the farming community. However, the small farmers can also be benefited with the technology with proper education regarding the technology in the area with good social mobilization for the conservation of scarce and valuable farm resources....
Mazher Abbas*, Irfan Mehmood*, Arshed Bashir*, Muhammad Ather Mehmood* and Sonila Hassan*
WOMEN COTTON PICKERS PERCEPTIONS ABOUT HEALTH HAZARDS DUE TO PESTICIDE USE IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
...esource (23%) and better education of children (21%). Majority of the respondents (97.33%) reported that the mode of payments of cotton picking was in cash and the most of the respondents (83.70%) reported that they got wages in time. Only few respondents (8.70%) were aware of health hazards due to pesticides and only 10% women wear protective clothes during cotton picking. Majority of the respondents (76%) wash their clothes after cotton picking whereas almos...
Junaid Alvi*, Ijaz Ashraf*, Khalid Mehmood Ch*, Muhammad Iftikhar* and Saleem Ashraf**
IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK IN UPLIFTING RURAL LIVELIHOOD
...income on family chores, education, health and other aspects of life. Informal discussions and observation dictated the lower productivity than the potential and inadequate awareness and adoption of precise dairy farming practices. Livestock keepers demanded provision of location specific best management practices, training on livestock management and market aspects. Essential veterinary services enabling the livestock extension should be disseminated on the d...
Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saqib Shakeel Abbasi and Abid Hussain*
FARMERS PERCEPTION TOWARDS THE APPLICATION OF BIOZOTE IN SELECTED DEMONSTRATED RICE FIELDS AT HAFIZABAD AND SHEIKHUPURA DISTRICTS
...rmers' awareness and low education level of farmers were identified as major issues in adoption of this technology in the study areas....
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...association between age, education, land holding, and tenancy status of the respondents and their participation in various activities being carried out under MFSCs. It is recommended that relatively young, educated, big and owner farmers may be given priority for registration in MFSCs so that they could avail full benefits of MFSCs through active participation....
Khalid Khan*1, Muhammad Abdul Kamal2, Saubia Ramazan3, Gulawar Khan4, Gulzar Ali5 and Sheharyar Ahmed6
...icity of family size and education level. The elasticity of the credit, family size and education level are 11%, 0.09 % and 0.05% respectively. Thus, this paper argue that if the policy makers give priority to livestock in agricultural credit and devise easy credit procedures for the small farmers, will ultimately result in alleviating the problem of poverty and unemployment in the region. ...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3
...mers was 53.9 years with education from secondary to graduate level. The results of the study showed that many of the farmers on average have 10 acres of land under date palm cultivation with more than 57 date palm trees per acre on average. It is also observed that respondents generally get 76 kg of dates on average per tree. Many of the farmers use Radio and contact farmers as sources of knowledge for agricultural practices and date palm cultivation. However...
Irfan Ullah, Shahid Ali*, Muhammad Fayaz and Abbas Ullah Jan
...fect model, estimates of education and experience were negative and statistically significant which implies that educated and experienced broiler farmers efficiently allocated resources on their farms. Therefore, the policy makers needs to provide education and training facilities to the farmers which are appropriate to rearing of broiler in open shed farms for the efficient utilization of resources and enhancing productivit...
Nihal Ahmad Hadi, Shahid Ali* and Umer Wahid
... age of broiler farmers, education and experience were negative and statistically significant. This means that with the increase in age of broiler farmers, education and experience, technical inefficiency decreases. It is recommended that broiler farmers needs to increase the number of day old chicks according to the capacity of shed as well as feed to the broilers to accelerate production and efficiency. Moreover, governmen...
Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...s positively affected by education, experience, age of the respondent and farm size while negatively affected by mortality of chicks. All the variables were significant except age of the respondents. Proper vaccination and medication is required to decrease the high mortality rate so that the losses due to mortality can be minimized. ...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...s and Agri), farmer age, educational level (illiterate, primary school, secondary school, high school, and college), social security (available and unavailable), husbandry experience of farmer (year), farmer`s irrigated, dry and pasturage land, live weight before fattening, and fattening period. Predictive accuracy of MARS algorithm was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2), Standard Deviation Ratio (SDRATIO), Generalized Cros...
Saima Rani*, Hassnian Shah, Nusrat Habib and Muhammad Azeem Khan
...ployment status, income, education, number of children, taste, no chemical residual, high nutritional value, freshness and colour of the vegetables have positive effects on consumer to pay a high price. While in case of product size and shape has a adverse effect on consumer. Results indicate that when making choices of food, consumers in Islamabad prioritise their health. Furthermore, the households who earn more income perceive a negative impact on health ...
Rehman-Ud-din* and Naeem-Ur-Rehman Khattak
...her aspects of life like education, business, other professions and social activities. ...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...s such as age, province, education level, experience, social security, lands, and the reason at performing animal production were recorded on breeders. Also, first fattening weight and fattening period of the beef cattle were recorded. It was determined that predictive models based upon MARS algorithm explained virtually all of variability in the final fattening weight (FFW) for each gender when model assessment criteria (viz. R2, SDRATI...
Quratul Ain Tahira1*, Sidrah Lodhi1 and Sajid Abaidullah2
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...| The primary success of educational environment heavily depends upon benefits to learners and this further facilitates the learning processing. The most commonly used tool, to measure it, is Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM).
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the perceptions of medical students in pre-clinical years about educational envi...
Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...haracteristics like age, education and income have positive significant effects on households’ willingness to pay. Findings of the study also reveal a significant influence of employment status of the household’s head on WTP, whereas household’s size has a negative significant effect on willingness to pay for pesticides- free fruit. Findings of the study indicate that in addition to demographic characteristics, households’ perception re...
Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam
...ectively. Mother’s education, age of the household heads, marital status, dependency ratio, farm size and the average time spent by the children on the farm were found to significantly influence children’s access to schooling. While increase in schooling cost, average years of schooling of the children affects the farm income. It was thus recommended that parents should be sensitized on the future benefits of sending their children to school. More ...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Selim Erdoğan3, Ecevit Eyduran3 andMohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...Agri, Kars and Erzurum), educational level, membership status of enterprise to an association of beekeepers (member and nonmember), other activities except for beekeeping (yes and no), number of full beehives, bee race (Caucasian, Carniolan, Italian and Crossbred), and frequency of changing queen bee. MARS outperformed multiple linear regression, and CART in honey yield per hive. No solution for CHAID was generated. In CART algorithm, the highest honey yield p...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...economic (age, province, educational level, experience, social security, lands and the reason at ranching of the animal breeders) and biological factors (sex, first live weight before fattening and fattening period of the beef cattle) were recorded from the related beef cattle enterprises. For the statistical evaluation of MARS algorithm, the package “earth” of the R software was employed based on the smallest GCV value. In the CHAID algorithm, min...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman4
...h independent factors of educational opportunities, agri-business opportunities and training opportunities. The results were significant at 5% level of significance as F (3, 119) = 140.74; p< 0.05 and explained 78.4% of the variation in dependent factor of job opportunities for the respondents which is responsible for economic prosperity of rural communities. The results from second, third, fourth and fifth objectives respectively indicated that vocational ...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...s having middle level of education, ignorance of proper weaning initiation may be limited by finance and their work schedule. In matric to graduate mothers their job descriptions may have considered as more related contributory factors for delayed weaning. The situation can be stabilized by resource alleviation and make them easy access for limited income families.
...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...ight the need for farmer education regarding bovine tuberculosis.
...
Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1
...ant relationship between educational status, income source and size of land holding and perceived poverty. It was very much easy to predict the poverty status (dependent variable) of respondents through their physical, financial and human assets/capitals (independent variables) ...
Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1
...ics including age group, educational status, occupation, type of marriage, number of children, history of blood transfusion and trimester of pregnancy were statistically associated with prevalence of IgG antibody (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant association (χ2 = 12.571; p = 0.028) between age group and IgG antibody. The age group > 40 years old had the highest prevalence of IgG antibodies while the age group 21 – 25 years (p ≤ 0.05) had ...
Aneel Salman1, Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain1, Inayatullah Jan2*, Muhammad Ashfaq2, Mudassar Rashid1 and Usman Shakoor1
... other determinants like education, role of media, and government policies that can affect farmers’ choices to adopt climate resilient farming practices. ...
Amjad Ali1, Abbas Ullah Jan1, Lal Almas2, Noor Piao Khan1 and Khurran Nawaz Saddozai1
...age, farming experience, education, family size, off-farm income, farm to home distance, tenancy and extension contacts are determinants in allocative inefficiency model. Results of the study revealed that except farmyard manure and pesticides all other explanatory variables are significant influencing factors in total cost of sugarcane production in district Charsadda. In socio-economic characteristics family size and extension contacts show negative correlat...
Sadia Murawwat1, *Nageen Fatima1, Qandeel Iqbal1, Syeda Ameena Rizvi1 and Mehak Fatima1
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING BEYOND CLASSROOM: CHALLENGES AND ANTICIPATED RESOLUTIONS
...n academia, insufficient educational capitals, not as much of hardware research laboratories at post graduate level, insufficient practical trainings, internships and professional skill development for improvement of hands on experience. These factors influence an Engineering graduate even after the completion of their undergraduate studies. After sorting these highlighted factors, this work has presented a framework for the improvement in EE as, modified curr...
Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari
Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
...les. Conservation
education and awareness campaigns are recommended to avoid unnecessary
killing of the amphibians and reptiles of the study area....
education and awareness campaigns are recommended to avoid unnecessary
killing of the amphibians and reptiles of the study area....
Zafar Iqbal
A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3*
... climate smart extension education for these farmers. The main purpose for this study was to examine environmental degradation/climate change associated problems faced/ perceived by resource-poor farmers and ways adopted to mitigate them. The specific objectives of study were to determine farm damages of resource-poor farmers under environmental degradation; explore mitigation strategies available for resource-poor farmers; and examine the implications for ext...
Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2
...on in livestock farming, education level of the head, age of the head and agricultural land holding of the household, were used as explanatory variables in the model. Results of ordered logit model showed that education level of the head, numbers of income generating individuals, land holding, number of milking animals, women involvement in livestock farming, access to agricultural credit had positive significant effects on ...
Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6
... the other variable head education, households’ member with basic education and higher education, live stock ownership, consumption of livestock produced at home, farming, consumption of food crop produced at home and foreign and domestic remittances plays a significant positive role in caloric intake of food insecure households. ...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...ciation between maternal education and barriers to complete vaccination course.
...
Shumaila Nazeer1, Iqbal Javed1*, Allah Bakhsh2, Mudassar Yasin2, Haroon Javaid3 and Kaniz Fatima1
... USA, the coefficient of education is 0.124, which shows positive and significant impact of education on kinnow export from Pakistan to USA. The coefficient of packing cost is -0.039 that shows negative but highly significant effect. The coefficient of international sale price was 0.003 that showed positive sign and highly significant. In case of factor affecting the kinnow exports to UAE, the coefficient of age of exporter ...
Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan
...igations, Farmer’s education were found significant at 5% level while , Seed Variety, Pesticides, Farming experience, Number of labors were found non-significant at 5% level. The R-Square value was 0.92 which means that 92% variation is explained by the independent variables on the dependent variable in the model. It seems very good fitted model as R-Square is much high for it. The F-statistic value was found 113.97 which shows that model overall is sign...
Supply Response Analysis of Wheat Growers in District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Farm Level Analysis
Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah
...o output price, land and education was positive and elastic. Labor demand in relation to wage rate and fertilizer price was negative and elastic. Fertilizer demand in relation to wheat price, land and education was positive and elastic. Wage rate has negative and inelastic effect on fertilizer demand. Own price elasticity for fertilizer demand was negative and elastic. Profit elasticities of wheat as a result of wheat price,...
Noor ul Ain*, Malik Muhammad Shafi and Haidar Ali*
... size was 6. The average education level was 12.92 years and average household’s income was Rs. 91,336.66 during the study period. The results showed that on average the quantity demanded of Spinach was 4.1993 Kgs, Pea 4.0767 Kgs, Potato 6.65 Kgs and 4.95 Kgs of Cabbage-Cauliflower. Results showed that Spinach was a compliment of Pea. Results indicated that household size was highly significant and had a positive relation with the quantity demanded. The ...
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...ation and to spend it on education, health and housing, which eventually enhanced the living standard of the households. However, orthodox and dogmatic methods, inadequate awareness and lack of animals’ hospitals lead to hamper livestock efficiency than the potential. Therefore, it is urged that government should make veterinary services available to the farmers at their door steps to improve their income, livelihood and standard of life. Moreover, this ...
Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3
...ved between the level of education and awareness of the farmers, which shows that educated farmers had adequate knowledge of climate change.
...
Tanweer Ahmed*, Kashif Saeed Khan and Mohammad Naeem
...r and public spending on education, health, road length, the number of tube wells in the agriculture sector, improved seed distribution has been estimated through various econometric approaches in the study. Pakistan’s agriculture growth has registered mixed trends from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence from developing countries suggests that public spending has a profoundly positive relationship with agricultural growth. Agriculture is the second largest...
Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2
...duction. Age of farmers, educational status, credit access and agriculture extension services access have significantly and positively impacted while the shortage of irrigation negatively impacts in both districts Non-Bt and Bt cotton farmers technical efficiency. There is need of proper policy measure for overcome market imperfections regarding prices of cotton output and inputs and provision of adequate formal credit to use advance mechanization to increase ...
Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Aftab Khan1 and Bakhtawar Riaz2
...vide formal and informal education to tomato growers. ...
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...farm economy and lack of education were identified as main causes of low adaptive capacity. The small farmers were found inefficient with the changing environment so they may be encouraged for cooperative farming. Climate change vulnerability monitoring may be beneficial for policy makers in policy formulation and implementation processes to develop zone specific sustainable adaptation strategies particularly to improve farmers’ food security, economic s...
Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali
...size, income, land size, education, age and perception, were the important factors influencing WTP of the respondents in the study area. These findings suggests that sufficient funds can be generated from local farming community to implement the suggested program, and in this direction the concerned government and non-government organizations can play key role in educating and mobilizing farmers ...
Haidar Ali1, Malik Muhammad Shafi1*, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...s involves improving the educational level in rural areas. ...
Rizwan Ahmad and Muhammad Zulfiqar*
..., farming experience and education level of the farmers are positively and significantly, except education, associated with perception regarding climate change. However, size of HH, farming types and area under cultivation are negatively associated. Whereas association is insignificant in respect of farming types and area under cultivation. Regarding farmers’ adaptation, results show that the coefficient of age of farm...
Hina Fatima1*, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khurram Nawaz3
...y status, farmer’s education and experience. The result of the study reported that farmers of wheat crop have the potential to produce the maximum level of wheat production provided that the farmers should improve their management skills. It is prerequisite in farm sector that farmers should use their managerial ability, knowledge, and technical skills in order to obtain the higher production and farm returns. ...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2
...t livelihood assets like education, ability to produce enough food, access to rural advisory (extension) services, access to financial support structures (in the form of social safety nets) and crop diversification strategies. ...
Shahid Ali1*, Farhan1, Murtaza1, Neelum Andaleeb2 and Amjad Ali1
...d that household’s education level was having negative and significant effect on technical inefficiency. Among the sampled respondents owners were technically more inefficient as compared to the tenants. Farm size was having negative and significant effect on inefficiency while age and farming experience of the sampled respondents were statistically insignificant. It is recommended that extension department should train farmers to improve their farming s...
Muhammad Israr* and Noor Khan
...y adoption. Head’s education level was the other important determinant with a positive significant effect on adoption of improved seed technology. The study recommends awareness program for encouraging farmers to register in FSC. The provision of free public education facility and agricultural extension services over modern agricultural technologies could augment the rate and intensity of adoption by the wheat growers....
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
...nt, environment, health, education, and standard of living. We apply the methodology to a study in northern Pakistan. The index of multidimensional poverty demonstrates that alongside the other dimensions there is severe poverty in terms of environment, empowerment/ participation, and wealth dimensions. The measure of intensity of the poverty shows that 55% of the population was severely poor while the MPI value demonstrated that 54% of the population was seve...
Saba1, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Waqar Khalid2* and Saifullah Khan3
...rated that women’s education, family size, and livestock income significantly affect women’s participation; however, women’s age and herd size insignificantly affect women’s inclusion in the livestock farming operations. The findings of this study recommend that the importance of rural women’s involvement in the livestock sector should be identified in federal and provincial government plans and agricultural policy formulations. T...
Tanweer Ahmed1*, Kashif Saeed Khan1, Zilakat Khan Malik1, Fazal Wahid1 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2
...among public spending on education, health, road length, defence, trade openness, worker remittances, total cropped area and economic growth. Pakistan’ economic growth rate fluctuated from 1972 to 2014. During this period for some years, the economic growth was high while it slowed down in some years. The study utilised Annual time series data from 1972 to 2014. Empirical evidence suggests that public spending has a significant positive influence on econ...
Haidar Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Hamra Haidar2
...d communications, better education facilities, market facilities as well as availability of off-farm jobs locally. Furthermore, in developed villages average per month income of small farm households from farm output was higher than the underdeveloped villages due to the high sale price of vegetables grown on large area and more milk production. Similarly, in developed villages income from off-farm employment was more than underdeveloped villages. Because larg...
Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan
...come of farm households, education level of household head and cooking cost had significant effect on the use of electricity, firewood and natural gas as against animal dung cakes for cooking purpose which was the base category. The study concluded that the use natural gas for cooking was less expensive as compared to other alternative energy sources such as firewood, electricity and animal dung cakes. The study also concluded that family size has negative rel...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...y evaluated. The age and education level of the farmers and the effect of the milker on the SCC were found to be significant (P <0.001). SCC value (65.930 ± 2.484 cells/ml) was found to be the lowest when the milker is the person from the household. The udder cleaning before milking was a significant factor (P <0.001), SCC was 66.330±2.570 cells/ml for the producers that applied hygiene and was 125.860±9.500 cells/ml for the ones tha...
Saima Asad1*, Irfan Ahmad Baig2, Abdul Saboor3 and Rashid Mahmood4
...gnificant improvement in education and health sector has been observed over time and also population access toward basic housing services also increases that minimize the deprivation gap between upper and lower quintile population. Inequality in shorter span of time decline at minimal level but in longer span of time a substantial decline in is perceived. Finally, at districts level both uni-dimensional and multidimensional inequality declines in 2015-16 than ...
Aftab Khan1, Shahid Ali1*, Asim Khan1, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sufyan Ullah Khan2
...ct model identified that education and farming experience has negative and significant effect on farmers’ inefficiency. It is recommended that maize farmers need to be provided with formal as well as informal education, agricultural trainings and credit on easy terms for purchase of costly inputs. ...
Muhammad1*, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Syed Akhtar Ali Shah1
...conomic variables namely education, monthly expenses, and agriculture farm size positively affect farmers’ WTP for organic fertilizer. Conversely, households’ size and land tenure of the farmer has a negative influence on farmers’ WTP. An Integrated Resource Recovery Centre (IRRC) is needed for green waste management to change the current paradigm by transforming the waste into a valuable resource. The application of WTP can be an effective t...
Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4*
...s of the study show that education, fertilizers, rent, training and total area under the rice crop (wetland), labor, capital, availability of input, and rice prices are the key components that leave a positive and noteworthy impact on rice production in the District. Nevertheless, physical capital, experience, and age of the farmers have an adverse effect on rice production. Conclusively, it is proposed that the government should introduce precise programs for...
Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4
...nditions, coefficient of education indicates that there is a positive relationship among education of labor and Income. Credit facility at farm level was also incorporated as dummy variable under economic context of decent work to assess its regressing level with income and was reported as significant. The study concludes that social upgrading of workers has implications and potential for economic upgrading of value chain sy...
Gulnaz Hameed1, Abdul Saboor1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2*, Ghaffar Ali2, Dawood Jan2 and Mansoor Rasheed3
...y, health facilities and education. To cope-up with deprivations through various facet, series of rural/community development programs have been launched for long times. The research gap needs to be addressed is an empirical analysis of contribution of such initiatives in the welfare of masses through poverty reduction in the area. This research endeavor is designed to figure out the impact of one of such projects named as Azad Jammu and Kashmir Community Deve...
Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz2
...-year improvement in the education level of the farmers would bring likely 58 percent decrease in the knowledge gap. Similarly, a year increase in the cane farming experience of the farmers would likely bring 6 percent reduction in the knowledge gap of the farmers. The results further explained that land owners had more knowledge gap than that of tenant farmers while contact with the agriculture extension department reduces the knowledge gap of sugarcane recom...
Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4
Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...ated that farmer’s education, age, farming experience, extension service facility and land tenancy considerably effects profit efficiency of rice producers. Therefore, the efficiency of rice farmers can be improved through increase in the number of educated people in farming system, and the enrichment of extension services in the rural areas....
Muhammad Naveed Anjum1, Abdur Rehman1*, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan1, Raheel Saqib2, Mohammad Fayaz3 and Iqbal Javed4
Impact of Microfinance on Socioeconomic Status of Farmers in District Dera Ismail Khan
... health status, children educational status, living standard, food/diet pattern, crop production and transportation and finally the constraints faced by the borrowers to get the loans from microfinance institutions. The primary data were collected from the 300 borrowers of microfinance institutions especially from Khushhali Bank limited through a well-designed structured questionnaire. The descriptive, inferential statistics, chi square statistics and simple l...
Dr. Taimur Usman*, Dr. Rashid Rehan*, Dr. Salman Saeed*
QUANTIFYING THE EFFECTS OF UPASS: A TRANSIT DEMAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
...ement. While focusing on educational institutes across North America, this research quantitatively
analyzes the effects of UPass on transit ridership for the first time. In general, an increase of 50 % has been
observed in transit ridership due to UPass implementation and all the cities where UPass was implemented experienced
a positive change in transit ridership trends. The developed models are demonstrated through a case ...
Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz
Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...b experience, and higher educational level of Field Assistants have positive and significant effect on the development of their competency. Therefore, it is suggested to provide in-service training for the Field Assistants in the identified areas for the adequate acquisition of relevant skills and knowledge....
Sajad Ali1*, Jangraiz Khan2, Arshadullah Jadoon3, Muhammad Riaz4 and Abid Khan1
Evaluation of Farmers Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Tomato Output in District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...f tomato growers such as education level, work involvement, family size, farming experience, age, and source of income and land size. The results showed a highly significant positive relationship of tomato production with all socio-economic factors except female involvement in the study area. Therefore, extension services and training should be fortified through extension agents for those farmers having no basic education fo...
Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz
...s and respondents’ educational level has also been found significant. Therefore, more efforts, if directed, to enhance climate change awareness through dissemination of authentic and need based information, would significantly help farmers to undertake more relevant, effective and efficient adaptation measures, thereby, contributing in increasing the agriculture yield and reduce losses. However, imprudent projection of climate change adaptation issues wi...
Murtaza1, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Shahid Ali1, Amjad Ali1 and Asia Baig2
Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...fied head’s formal education, farming experience and level of involvement in agriculture and combined family structure as important factors significantly reducing inefficiency in maize production. The study recommends formal education and agricultural training for maize growers, provision of subsidy for hybrid seeds and chemical fertilizers and price support for their produce during harvest season....
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3
Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
... (P < 0.01), level of education (P<0.01), and contact with extension agent (P <0.05). Problems or constraints facing marketers of soyabeans were: sales price instability, high cost of transportation, storage problems, lack of credit facilities, and bad road infrastructures. The retained components observed explained 93.24% of the variations in the component retained in the principal component model. The study recommends that marketers should develop n...
Hari Prasad Sharma1*, Shova Adhikari1, Yogesh Rai1, Rajkumar Sijapati1, Sapana Chand1, Manisha Karki1, Rubina Thapa Magar1, Ashik Husain1, Khadka Bahadur Khatri1, Melina Karki1, Samiksha Badu1, Sushila Bajracharya1, Somika Pathak1, Rachana Shah2 and Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral2
...neral public in informal education, research and conservation, as well as maintaining their role as attractive places for entertainment and recreation. Zoos provide home for different animals that are of common occurrence, geographically rare species, attractive species, trafficked animals seized by the authorities, and injured and orphaned animals. The presence of visitors and their activities affect the behavior of animals in the zoo due to the structural de...
Nadeem Abbas Shah1*, Ejaz Ashraf1, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Zaheer ud Din Mirani3, Usman Rafique1 and Raees Abbas Shah4
Assessing Perceptions of the Households-heads Regarding Food Security Status in Drought-hit Areas of District Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan: A Case Study for Agricultural Extension
...vernment should focus on education, employment opportunities, development of natural resources for producing food secure crops and start awareness movements among the inhabitants of Tharparkar to revitalize the status of food security in the study area....
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Ejaz Ashraf1, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Ameen3 and Sadia Hassan4
Farmers Behavior to Participate in Public Sector Agricultural Extension Services: Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and China
...dy the influence of age, education, labor, farm area and villages on the household head’s participation in agricultural extension services/ activities organized by public sector department. For this purpose, a random sample of 160 households from four districts of Punjab province of Pakistan was selected, and another random sample of 122 households selected from the six villages of Huailai County of Hebei Province in China. Data were collected using the ...
Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Dorcas Yilger Gotom1, Noble Allison Chiehiura1, Julius Ocheme Okojokwu1, David Ochola Amanyi2, John Otumala Egbere1, Joshua Adetunji1, Otobo Innocent Ujah3 and Onyemocho Audu4
The Seroprevalence of Zika Virus Infection among HIV Positive and HIV Negative Pregnant Women in Jos, Nigeria
...013. No association with educational level, employment, marital and resident, gestational trimester, fever, yellow fever vaccination, rashes and parity was found for anti-ZIKV IgG positivity in the groups. Our results showed high seroprevalence among the pregnant women, an indication that the ZIKV antigen that triggered the antibodies response is in circulation, therefore, suggest the need for ZIKV surveillance and larger study on specific IgM antibodies in Ni...
Umar Hayat1*, Ibrar Hussin2, Aftab Alam3 and Khalid Khan4
Time Series Analysis of Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Application of Bootstrap ARDL
...ocial indicators such as education and health status of masses along with per capita income. This study aims to empirically test the hypotheses of Modernization Theory (MT) and the Social-Democratic Theory (SDT) related to child mortality in Pakistan. The study adopts the framework of Ferreira and Schady (2009) and Baird et al. (2011) to carry out empirical estimation via ARDL and Bootstrap ARDL. Confirming the co integration relationship, the study identifies...
Mushtaq Ahamd Khan1, Ziaul Islam2, *, Amin Ullah Jan3, Kamran Khan2 and Abdullah Shah3
...s that age, low level of education, pregnancy, contact with cat and soil are the major risk factor of T. gondii infection.
...
Syed Muhammad1*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui2, Farhat Ullah Khan1 and Nawab Khan3
Self-perceived Constraints of Extension Field Staff Affecting their Working Efficiency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...), majority (48.4 %) had education up to SSC with Diploma in agriculture, majority (81.1 %) were of rural background, and all had received trainings of different duration. Important constraints which affected the efficiency of EFS were lack of transport, political interference in transfers, large jurisdiction area, non-participation in policy decisions, unsatisfactory pay structure, unavailability of medical facilities, low opportunity of proper in-service tra...
Asifa Kamal1*, Ghazala Noreen1 and Muhammad Amin2
Trends and Determinants of Fertility in Pakistan: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis (PDHS 1990-91 to PDHS 2012-13)
...n), wealth index (rich), education of both spouses and survey periods (2006-07, 2012-13) has significantly negative effect on the total children ever born to women in Pakistan. Child mortality (yes), husband’s desire for children (more than wife), ideal number of children, marital duration and ever use of contraceptives has significant positive contribution towards women fertility in terms of number of children ever born to women. A significant decline i...
Jiawei Zhang1,2, Thomas Quirke1, Shibao Wu2*, Shaoshan Li2 and Fidelma Butler1
...onsidered to have a high educational potential. Some suggestions about captive management and future research are also proposed.
... 
