Assessing the Adoption of Superior Pepper Variety in Increasing the Efficiency: An Evidence of Pepper Farming in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Assessing the Adoption of Superior Pepper Variety in Increasing the Efficiency: An Evidence of Pepper Farming in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Rakhmad Hidayat1,2*, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto3, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati3 and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo3
ABSTRACT
The pepper commodity as a high-value product has the potential to be developed in West Kalimantan but is hampered by low productivity. The use of local pepper varieties and foot rot disease have caused a decrease in the production and efficiency of pepper farming. Farmers have adopted improved varieties called “Bengkayang pepper.” However, no studies have specifically examined the effect of adopting the Bengkayang pepper on the production and efficiency of pepper farming. This research aims to determine the technical, economic, and allocative efficiency of pepper farming and evaluate the effect of Bengkayang pepper in increasing efficiency. The study was conducted in West Kalimantan with a sample of 180 pepper farmers, and data analysis used the Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The study results indicate that the implementation of pepper farming is not entirely efficient. However, adopting the Bengkayang pepper variety has increased the efficiency. The technical, economic, and allocative efficiency for the Bengkayang Pepper variety are 0.81, 0.56, and 0.69, higher than local varieties, 0.77, 0.52, and 0.67, respectively. Inefficiency determinant factors show that education and experience can increase technical efficiency, while cost inefficiency is determined by education, family size, and frequency of extension. Other findings show that farm size, pepper trees, labour, urea fertilizer, fungicide and pepper age positively influence pepper production. This study suggests the participation of government and stakeholders to improve and develop superior varieties and increase farmers’ informal education through extension activities and technical training in pepper farming.
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