Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...0 percent farmers’ margins of the produce and reduction of the commission charged by the middlemen to 7-10 percent. Further, bargaining power, capacity building, optimal crop protection and produce quality were improved and the cost of cultivation has reduced at Agaram Village, Dharamapuri, Tamil Nadu of Adhiyaman Precision Farmers Association (Ramasamy 2007). Their “PA” is a fine example of community or cooperative approach to farming, which...
Raza Ullah1*, Qaisar Shah Safi2, Ghaffar Ali3 and Irfan Ullah3
...to examine the marketing margins of the intermediaries involve in the value chain of sweet oranges of citrus group. Three villages in Bunir district are randomly selected and a total of 120 sampled respondents are selected using proportional allocation method. The findings revealed that majority of the farmers sold their orchards to the pre-harvest contractors. The most widely used marketing channel was producers selling their orchard to pre-harvest contractor...
Sonila Hassan, Abid Hussain*, Muhammad Azeem Khan** and Irfan Mahmood*
RURAL-URBAN RETAIL PRICES AND MARKETING MARGINS OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN PAKISTAN
...o estimate the marketing margins and rural-urban price differences of fresh fruits and vegetables. A checklist and an open-ended questionnaire were developed and used to interview a total of 200 retailers (rural and urban), 100 producers, 30 commission agents and 10 transporters in July 2010. Price data were collected from rural and urban retailers in Hyderabad, Faisalabad, Peshawar, Muzaffarabad and Quetta. It was observed that the retail prices of fresh frui...
Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***
PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... structure and marketing margins of producers and other marketing intermediaries are quantified along the existing two marketing channels for cut flowers. In the first channel the main players were producers, wholesalers-cum-commission agents, retailers and consumers. In the second channel producers were directly linked with retailers. In Channel-I the highest consumer's price of Rs. 444.78 per 100 pieces of cut roses indicated that consumers have to pay more ...
Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*
ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
... cows, respectively. Net margins were higher in commercial farms i.e., Rs. 19726.5 and Rs. 10513.1 for cows and buffaloes, respectively. However the net margins received by small size specialized farms for cows and buffaloes were Rs. 13796.9 and Rs. 7743.8, respectively followed by net margins of Rs. 10377.7 and Rs. 4009, received by subsistence rural farm for cows and buffaloes, respectiv...
Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****
FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...es of farmers. The gross margins were also significantly higher at large farms. Ploughing frequency, seed rate and labor mandays have positive relationship with groundnut productivity. Therefore, the provision of improved groundnut production technologies package and improved seed to groundnut growers may enhance the productivity and area under this crop....
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
...respectively). The gross margins were highest with crop residue return under RT (Rs. 109375) followed by MT (Rs. 101800) and CT (Rs. 97840), whereas ZT without residue return gave the lowest gross margin of Rs. 7187.The study indicated that reduced tillage (chiseling) with retention of crop residue is a promising conservation tillage practicefor economical benefits and sufficient wheat yields in rainfed Pothwar, Pakistan.
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Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6
...ion) earned higher gross margins. The BCR and NPV values showed that installation of HEI systems was an economically feasible option. In addition, water productivity at modern farms was higher than those of conventional farms. Our results showed that most of the farmers using HEIs were large farmers, therefore, we suggest that policy interventions should be directed at increasing the adoption rates among small farmers. This could be done by spreading awareness...
Mujib ur Rahman1, Munir Khan2*, Himayatullah Khan2, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2
... local market the profit margins of Chadar and Suit was 17% and 14% respectively. The profit margin of Chadar and Suit was 26% and 23% respectively when sold in other cities. The study concluded that due to low profit, handloom business in district Charsadda is on downfall. The study recommends that financial support, marketing management, access to technology, training and international exhibitions can play a pivotal role in making the business more profitabl...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...aize field and the field margins in the farmland.
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Şükrü Önalan1*, Muhammed Arabacı1and Haşmet Çağırgan2
...ype colonies with smooth margins were seen in TSA medium. They were alive during native examination without movement. It was observed that morphologically all isolates were Gram (+), α-hemolytic (BA), oxidase and catalase negative and were reproduced under 21, 37 and 45 °C temperatures with 0–6.5 % NaCl salinity. As a result of the examination of biochemical properties with API Rapid ID 32 Strep test, it was observed that 2 L. garvieae i...
Muhammad Ramzan, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mudssar Ali and Hasan Riaz
...with reddish brown outer margins. The biological and morphological information of Trilocha varians described in current paper will lead to proper management practices during peak reproductive period of insect to avoid pest outbreak.
Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan
...els, marketing costs and margins of different market functionaries of potato crop in the selected villages of district Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan in 2019. For this purpose, a total of seventy producers, twenty wholesalers and twenty retailers are randomly selected and interviewed for data collection. From the current research it can be revealed that majority of potato growers followed the same marketing channel i.e. Producer → Wholesaler →...
Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3
... is intended to find out margins and farmer share and marketing efficiency. The results of the study obtained that there are 4 patterns of swamp buffalo marketing channels, namely: 1) direct marketing funnel patterns, 2) one-level marketing funnel pattern, 3) two-tiered hardening funnel pattern, and 4) three-tier marketing funnel pattern. One-level marketing patterns have the highest value of marketing efficiency (Eps= 3.19) compared to two-tier marketing patt...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3
...y observe the ecological margins and its habitats, host effects on the occurrence of this decisive pest. This study was steered in district Naushahro feroze of Sindh Pakistan during mango season of 2014-2015. Actually, this district is well known according to citreous fruity land Pakistan where lot of citreous fruits cultivated. The selected 2 hectors orchards per of mango field in per-taluka (five talukas) with different varieties of mango; 10 traps and lures...
Sahar, A. Youssef t ; M.M.A. Al-Dhaher 2 and A.A. Shalaby
...an normal, brittle, with margins rolled downwards and yellowish, which identified as Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus-I (GLRaV-l). Other symptoms observed on infected leaves were, malformation with abnomal gathered primary veins, giving the leaf the appearance of an open fan, including yellowing and mosaic pattern or bright yellow bands along major veins. Fan-shaped leaves may or may not be present with mosaic or vein banding symptoms which identified as G...
Shabana Mangi1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, G. Sarwar Solangi2, Khalid Hussain Rind3, Nazir Ahmed Abro4, Zaibun-nisa Memon1, Gul Hafeeza Lund1 and Paras Somroo1
...lightly bigonal, lateral margins with golden hairs, median lobe of parameres broad at base, rapidly narrowing apically, hairs like structure view from the ventral aspects. The instant discovery will help the growers and technical personals to identify the instant species easily and its identification will help in these control of the referred species. Further studies are suggested to explore its nature of damage....
Udo Schickhoff Dr.
...ds and along the
forest margins....
Hussain Shah1, Ali Hazrat2*, Ateef Ullah1, Hafsa Razzaq3, Shabir Ahmad1, Muhammad Yahya2, Muhammad Abdullah1, Sahar Nasim2, Waqar Ahmad2, Muhammad Junaid1 and Gul Rahim2
