S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
... pests of plant crops in temperate areas of the world. They are monophagous as well as polyphagous and damage wheat, oilseeds, vegetables and fruit crops. This study was carried out to observe the effect of plant extracts and semiochemicals on physiology and performance of endoparasitoid of aphids, Diaeretiella rapae. Seven different treatments of semiochemicals and plant extract were applied on aphid pests, Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum p...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...b zone (13.41%), and dry temperate coniferous forests (8.54%). On the other hand, agricultural lands (3.24%) and dry alpine zone/permanent snowfield (3.66%) were the least preferred habitats of urial in Gilgit Baltistan. Thirty-six (36) plant species were recorded to be consumed by the Ladakh urial in Gilgit Baltistan. Ladakh urial used Artemisia maritima (n=53) with 18.34% of observations followed by Olea ferruginea (n=28, 9.69%), Ephedra int...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...es than the mountainous, temperate Upper Dir.
...
Jair Millán-Orozco1,*, Jersson Millán-Orozco2 and Luz María Tejada-Ugarte3
...s from those reported in temperate sheep breeds. However, scarce information has been generated on this topic, thus the present study was conducted to analyze the grazing behavior of Saint Croix sheep at 18º N in Mexico. The present study was carried out using ten adult ewes, 32.8±5.1 kg, stocked on a Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpurem) pasture maintained at a sward surface height of 30 cm. Observations were conducted during daylight hours (0...
Zahra Eftekhar1, Morteza Naderi2,*, Mohammad Kaboli3, Hamid R. Rezaei4 and Nematollah Khorasani3
...ld-growth relicts of the temperate deciduous forests, have been recently documented as an important refugium during the last glacial maximum (LGM). More investigations based on skull and mandible morphological assessments revealed considerable intraspecific evolutionary divergence among the local populations settled in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. Geometric morphometric approaches in this study confirm the presence of multiple cryptic refugia for Fa...
Celalettin Gözüaçik1,*, Mustafa Güllü2, Ayda Konuksal3, Reşat Değirmenci3 and Ercan Akerzurumlu3
...eafminer, Syringopais temperatella Lederer (Lepidoptera: Scythridae) is an important pest in barley and wheat in Northern Cyprus. This study was carried out to identify the larval parasitoids and to determine the parasitism rate of S. temperatella. These studies were conducted in 42 cereal fields of 18 villages in Lefkoşa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Gazimağusa and İskele townships in 2012-2013 years, and 1567 an...
Biomass Allometric Equations of Naturally Growing Cedrus deodara in Dry Temperate Forests Ecosystems
Abdul Raqeeb1,3, Syed Moazzam Nizami2,4*, Aamir Saleem3, Lubna Ansari3, Saeed Gulzar3, Basit Ali3, Masooma Saleem5
...drus deodara tree in dry temperate regions of Himalaya has been developed from the empirical data collected from four different locations with three sites each as representative of its naturally growing area. Destructive sampling including excavation of roots was carried for overall 60 trees. The results revealed generic equations for above ground biomass and volume. However, statistical analysis pointed out several significant differences in biomass allocatio...
Shahid Ali*, Aijaz Ali Channa, Waqar Ahmad, Rafia Akram and Imbasat Yousaf
...reme stress because of intemperate bilateral abdominal distension. Trans-rectal palpation revealed a taut uterus (bulged, tense and inelastic) and alive fetus. Subsequently upon induced cervical dilatation, 60-70 L of amniotic liquid was expelled out and dam delivered completely developed alive male calf with a gross anomaly (presence of a hole in the skull) which could not survive and died soon after the delivery. After the completion of obstetrical case usin...
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
... legume plants. While no temperate phages were detected, two groups of phages were determined based on their virulence. Highly virulent phages designated as group V showed clear plaques and were able to infect many of Rhizobium species and strains. The other group of phages was less virulent and showed turbid plaques implied as group L. This was also determined by one-step growth experiment. It was found that rhizobiophage (V) group had the attachment and late...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...etic sheep strain in the temperate region of Jammu and Kashmir. The overall least square means (inch) of 9.90±0.15, 4.35±0.03, 2.72±0.06, 24.07±0.11, 27.68±0.12, 33.70±0.16, 38.92±0.09 and 13.33±0.10 for FL (face length), EL (ear length), EB (ear breadth), BL (body length), WH (height at withers), HG (chest girth), PG (paunch girth) and TL (tail length), respectively. Was reported the maximum average body...
Treatment Approaches of Ovine Fungal Diseases using Antibiotics and Ethnoveterinary Medicinal Plants
Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina
...warm seasons compared to temperate zones and Saharan zones. So through this review article, we try to show the different ancient and modern methods of treating these diseases and to share them with other societies....
Ghassan Zahid1, 2*, Sara Iftikhar3, Muhammad Umer Farooq4 and Shakeel Ahmed Soomro5
...e for the cultivation of temperate, tropical and subtropical fruits. Thus, diverse environmental conditions allow the farmers to cultivate a variety of fruits which ultimately uplifting the burden from traditionally cultivated crops. In recent years, the cultivation and yield of different fruit trees are declining in the country. The key contributors to the decline in fruit crop yield include abiotic stresses, biotic stresses, certain pathogens and nematodes, ...
Samira Merabet1, Nora Khammes-El Homsi1,*, Lydia Aftisse1 and Stéphane Aulagnier2
...n of wild rodents in the temperate regions is adaptively timed with the season under the influence of photoperiod, temperature and food availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the responses of three small-sized murine species to the same physical and ecological conditions in a locality of Great Kabylia (Algeria). Apodemus sylvaticus, and Mus spretus synchronized their reproduction in winter and spring, Lemniscomys barbarus in spring and summer. ...
Monis Hussain Shah1*, Rizwan Rafique2,6, Munawar Almas1, Muhammad Usman3, Sadia Yasin4 and Sajida Bibi5
...ropical, subtropical and temperate regions. Pakistan is one of the top fruits producing country globally. Pakistan ranks 4th in Mango (1.880M Tones), 6th in Guava (2.4 M Tones), Dates (0.72 M Tones) and Citrus (2.1 M Tones) production around the globe. Since the year of 1969 Pakistan builds the infrastructure for agricultural development due to that; significant increase in production were observed during second, third and fourth development plan. Small land h...
Rida Ahmad1,2*, Zulfiqar Ali2*, Farkhanda Manzoor1, Usman Ahmad3, Safdar Sidra4, Irfan Zainab2, Muhammad Furqan2, Aliza Batool1,2 and Zaidi Zona2
... was found only in moist temperate habitat with HSI 0.70. The current study revealed that suitable habitat of these species is shrinking mainly due to habitat loss, its fragmentation and hunting pressure. Species prefer habitat with specific characteristics and this paper provides recommendations for the conservation and management of Steppe Eagle and Western Tragopan. Primary and secondary data based further studies are needed to manage the population of thre...
Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1
Khalid Hussain1*, Tanvir Hussain2 and Muhammad Inamullah Khan3
...en studied so far in dry temperate forest in Swat region to establish climate-growth relationship. To that objectives, chronologies and time series were developed of annual rings and vessel areas of the species. The results revealed the high degree of annual variations in the species due to climatic fluctuations. Dendrochronological potential of the species is found moderate thus the chronology may be used as substitute to study climatic variations. Tree ring ...
Tanvir Hussain1,2*, Kafeel Ahmad2, Muhammad Bilal Zia1, Hammad Uddin1, Khalid Hussain1, Muhammad Inamulla Khan3 and Said Akhtar Khan1
...pruce growing in the dry temperate and moist temperate forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan using random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) DNA method. Five study sites were selected and 20 samples (needles) from each site were collected. Six RAPD markers produced 92 amplicons with sizes range 250-2000bp. Among all studied populations 100% polymorphism was observed. The highest percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB=82.61%),...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
... that wintering birds in temperate zones prefer high-energy food items. Limited food availability during winter affects social hierarchies....
Safdar Hassan1, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1, Fawwad Ahmad1, Asad Ullah Hyder1, Muhammad Arslan2, Ashar Mehfooz3, Ijaz Saleem3, Muhammad Umar Yaqoob4,5, Mushrraf Nazir1, Muhammad Sharif1*
... zinc requirements under temperate climate conditions. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of super dosing of dietary Zn (above National Research Council recommended: 40 mg/kg) on broilers’ growth performance, carcass characteristics, and immune response under raised temperature. A basal corn-soy diet (Zn-40, crude protein (CP): 20%; metabolizable energy (ME) : 3000 Kcal/Kg) was formulated to contain 40 mg/kg Zn. The basal diet was sup...
Xin Niu1, Xuelan Fang2, Sang Ba3, Yihao Fang1,4, Davide Fornacca1,7, Kun Tan1,4, Yanpeng Li1,4,5*, Zhipang Huang1,4,5* and Wen Xiao1,4,5,6,7
...levation gradient in the temperate montane forest of Xiangguqing, located in the southern section of Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve, China. Daily activities of the monkeys were recorded with infrared camera traps installed at elevation intervals of 200 m between 2,100 m and 3,500 m from January 2018 to May 2021. The time interval between the two species appearing at the same plots and the number of individuals were calculated for each site and difference...
Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam
Khalid Hussain*, Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and Nowsherwan Zarif
...ant species in the moist temperate forest of Ayubia National Park (ANP), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study revealed that the species is climate and drought sensitive with dendrochronological potential. It was hypothesized that A. pindrow is sensitive to climate change and records the variations in climatic factors. The past studies revealed the reliable dendrochronological potential and climate vulnerability of the species but the results were based on short sampl...
Imran,Inayat Ullah Khan,Asad Ali Khan,SHAHIDA NAVEED
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...ainly located in the dry temperate zone of the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya region i.e. Sherani Area (Suleiman range) on the border between Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), South Waziristan, Chitral, Gilgit Baltistan and Azad Jamu & Kashmir (Sherani and Urooj, 2019). As the potential economic benefits of Chilghoza to local livelihoods is worth billions of rupees annually thus economic importance is always given priority and its most important role of t...
Anwar Ali1, Saz Muhammad2, Zakir Hussain3, Khadim Abbas4 and Kiramat Husain5
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Iftikhar2, Sajjad Ahmad3, Ayaz Khan4 and Sultan Muhammad5
...the study in natural dry temperate forests of Gilgit-Baltistan. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and total height of the sample tree were measured before felling. After felling, the bole was cut into 2m logs with end log of variable length. The over bark mid diameter of the log and its length were measured for determining volume of logs. Total volume of a tree was determined by adding volumes of all logs. Different regression models were tested for deterring be...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Waseem
...er elevation or from dry temperate forest to moist temperate forest. Margalef Species Distribution Index (3.25) showed greater richness of species during 2011-12 compared to 1960s. Shannon Wiener Maximum Species Evenness Index (2.64) showed greater species evenness in different niches of the Park during the study period. The highest increase in species number was recorded in family Noctuidae. Temporal Temperature showed high...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
Klaus Euler and Zulfiqar Ali Qazi
Tanvir Hussain, G. M. Nasir, and Khalid Hussain Sulangi
...iana) grown in moist temperate areas of Kaghan Forest Division. The climatic parameters including mean annual temperature and precipitation were taken into consideration for the determination of relationship over time scale of 44 years (1971-2015). After visual cross-dating of cores, the total ring width (TRW) was measured with the help of advanced WinDendro System. The chronology of Spruce for the area was developed by verification of data through statist...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...d in the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan. It argues that though the single tree selection system is very suitable to Himalayan moist temperate forests due to their nature and location, the system has not been successful in sustainable management of the forests due to anthropogenic factors such as illegal logging, grazing and clearance of forestland for agriculture. The management of moist ...
Muhammad Muslim and Hafiz Muhammad Sufyan Babar
...y and abundance in moist temperate forest of Dunga Gali forest sub-division, Galies Forest Division, Abbottabad. The study recorded 22 plant species belonging to 20 families. The highest (Relative Density) RD was 13.6% for Valeriana wallichii while the lowest was 0.1% for Arisaema wallichianum and Podophyllum emodi. The RF 12.6% was highest for Adiantum capillus-veneris followed by 10.9% for Viburnum nervosum. Lowest (Relative Frequency) RF was found to be 0.4...
Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
Effect of climate change on growth of blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) grown in Chitral Forest Division
Tanvir Hussain and G. M. Nasir
...allichiana) from dry temperate forest of Bomborat, Chitral Forest Division was developed to identify the effect of climate change happened in this area for the last 30 years. The climatic parameters including mean monthly temperature and precipitation were taken into consideration for the determination of impact over time scale (1985-2015). Results showed an obvious transformation in both correlation and response coefficients of this tree species during t...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq
...P. alba are strictly temperate species and grow in the moist and dry temperate zones in the northern parts of the country in the altitudinal range from 1500-3000 m. While P. euphratica occupies the riverain tract right from sea-level to 4000 m in the mountains (Sheikh, 1985). The indigenous Poplar species are comparatively slow growing and take a long time to attain exploitable size (Sheikh, 1972), therefore, do n...
Mohammad Ayaz
...eous drug collected from temperate forests of Pakistan for it's medicinal value. In common with others, the supplies of this drug are dwindling due to over and un-controlled collection. Sustained production
compatible with it's survival through management plans and in-situ cultivation is recommended to meet the traditional and commercial needs. In addition, artificial cultivation of Mushkbala, on one hand, will reduce burden on its natural survival and, on th...
Syed Zainul Arifeen and Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry
...and agriculture in moist temperate zone at Chikar. Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). In this study four sub-catchments were selected. Nine year's (1988-1996) average data showed that both the hydrologic response (16%) and sediment concentration (158 kg/ha) were minimum i.e. for the subcatchment under forest and was maximum i.e. hydrologic response (26%) and sediment yield (332 kg/ha) for the catchment under agricultural use. The response from mixed land use of for...
Sardar Muhammad Rafique
...s demonstrated that poor temperate rangelands
could be rehabilitated by application of suitable fertilizer and control grazing for about 5 years....
S. M. Rafique
... (1989-94) in the
moist temperate zone of Mansehra District (NWFP) to
investigate the effect of range improvement activities
on protective and vegetation cover, forage production
and species composition. Four major variables namely; no
grazing, no grazing + over-sowing, conventional grazing
+ over sowing and conventional grazing only were tested
in two replications. The variables were assigned
randomly to 4 plots of 10 x 10 m. Each plot was
subdivided...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal
...ted in the moist and dry temperate forests of the world. Six species namely Quercus baloot, Q. dilatata, Q. glauca, Q. incana, Q. rubra and Q. semicarpifolia are found in temperate and sub-tropical forests of Pakistan. The key character, brief description, distribution, ecology and uses of these species are discussed....
Sardar Mohammad Rafique
...azing in blanks of moist temperate forests of the mountaineous tract of NWFP is a common practice of the local and nomad livestock herders. These blanks have been created as a result of compaction and trampling by livestock. This study was carried out in two blanks in moist temperate forest range at Kund, Mansehra during June, 1989 and was maintained for 5 years. It study aimed at investigating the effects of grazing managem...
Raza-ul-Haq
...indrow in the moist
temperate forests of Pakistan at Kund. It has been
concluded that tree and vegetative cover from Viburnm
and Tree plus viburnm greatly affects the PAR levels
reaching seedlings. Under these conditions, the quantity
of PAR reaching at seedlings height was reduced to 2-4%
of total PAR received in the open conditions. After
seeds germinate, mortality rates of 1 to 3 year old
seedlings are high. The mortality rate of 1, 2 and 3
yea...
Raza-ul-Haq
...pindrow in the moist temperate forests of Pakistan. Seed
production from mature and over- mature tree crops
(150-200 years old) is numerically adequate (upto 136
seeds /m2) in some years. However, the amount of viable
seeds does not exceed 15% (20 seeds per m2). Seed
production in 1987 at Kund was seven times higher then
in 1988. No seed was produced in 1989, indicating that a
2 or more years seeding cycle is likely to be occur...
Muhammad Hanif and Bashir Hussain Shah
...kail, fir-spruce and dry temperate
zones. Analysis of soil samples showed that soil under
forest had higher permeability, porosity and water
holding capacity as compared to soil under agriculture
and pasture while the bulk density of soil under forest
was lower than that of soil under agriculture and range vegetation. However, except for permeability these
values were not significantly different from each other.
On the other hand, in all land uses, perm...
K.M. Siddiqui, J. A. Khan and Iqbal Mahmood
...trength samples from dry temperate forests exhibit slow growth rate and high density and
strength properties than those from wet temperate forest. The results of this study would enable efficient and economical utilization of scarce coniferous timber resources in the country....
Moinuddin Ahmad
...m Gilgit to Astore (dry
temperate). Thirty stands were sampled. On the basis of
index of similarity, dominant species and floristic
composition fifteen community types were recognized.
The area shows three ecogeomorphological regions which
differentiated into various habitats. Rainfall,
temperature altitude, plant cover and vegetation
composition show wide variation in the different sectors
of the study area....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...g
foot-hill ranges, dry temperate ranges and alpine
pastures. In cultivated fields shaftal, Lucerne,
aftermath of agricultural crops, fodder trees and leaf
fall of fruit trees are important sources of livestock
feed. The availability of winter feed is a limiting
factor in the production of livestock. In Northern Areas
100,125 metric tonnes of air dry feed is available
annually against a requirement of 1,212,439 metric
tonnes. The harvesting and storag...
Fazli Wahid Khan and Pazir Gul
...e two
localities in the temperate forest of Kaghan and Galis Forest Division. Next
higher yield was observed in the month of August.
...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...blue pine growing in the temperate forests of Burawai, Batakundi and Naran. The infested areas lie all along the left bank of Kunhar river from Jaba to Naran; the road distance being about 39 kilometers. The mistletoe infection was also observed across the river. The incidence of the parasite was 56%. It was found to
increase, generally, with tree size. The infection rating for the stand was 2.7....
Ali Asghar Khan
...eing introduced in moist temperate forests of Kaghan Valley based on a combination of shelter-wood system with clear-felling of trees down to an advanced growth of up to 12inch d.b.h., with artificial regeneration, mainly through planting.
Necessary planting stock is being raised in the nurseries consisting of conifers with emphasis on deodar (Cedrus deodara) and Kail (Pinus wallichiana). The prognosis of this approach is discussed briefly, to c...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh and Abdul Aleem
Mairza Hakim Khan
.... The forest type is dry temperate. The communities were identified:
Study area: Chitral Gol is a narrow valley. It starts 3 km west of Chitral town, runs as a gorge for about 18 km and then broadens into three sub-valleys each surrounded by high peaks. The area is mountainous with steep slopes. It is bounded on the north and west by Butkoh tehsil, on the east by Singur Gol, on the south by Chitral town and Molen Gol. A number of small w...
Study area: Chitral Gol is a narrow valley. It starts 3 km west of Chitral town, runs as a gorge for about 18 km and then broadens into three sub-valleys each surrounded by high peaks. The area is mountainous with steep slopes. It is bounded on the north and west by Butkoh tehsil, on the east by Singur Gol, on the south by Chitral town and Molen Gol. A number of small w...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...ying from .5 to .7%
...
Ali Akbar Khan
...numeration in the mixed
temperate coniferous forests, seven compartments (390
hectares) of varying density, varying slope and species
composition of Kaghan Reserved Forests, were sampled, by
prism of B.A.F. 20 and also enumerated totally. This
paper is confined to the discussion of conifers only.
The deviation of Basal Area varies from 13 to 29%for
different compartments. The compartment wise variation
between total number of trees and total volume wit...
Tanvir Hussain*, Zahid Rauf, Mansoor Ali Khan and Khalid Hussain
...nder Shangla’s wet temperate climate in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . In order to conduct study, wood samples in the form of cores were taken from the district of Swat’s Shahpur and Liliani Forest areas. Using standard laboratory techniques, the collected cores were processed and measured for tree ring width. Cofecha and R packages, two computer - based programs , were used to statistically evaluate the data. The findings indicated that there was a notable ...
Shruti Yadav1,2*, Kamana Singh2, Pratap Adinath Divekar3 and Suhas Gorakh Karkute1,3*
...ltivated in tropical and temperate regions across the world. The major constraint for brinjal production is severe damage caused by a Lepidopteran insect pest brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB; Leucinodes orbonalis) leading to almost 60% lossess. In the present study, a codon-modified synthetic Cry2Aa gene was introduced into brinjal through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Presence of Cry2Aa gene was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis showed ...
Sami ul Haq, Basheer Ahmad* and Bilal Ahmed Qazi
...ies composition of moist temperate forests in Shahpur Valley, District Shangla. Fifty 20x20 meter plots were randomly selected across the valley, considering factors like spacing, tree population, size, density, crop variation, altitude, and slope. Tree species were identified and counted in each plot, while soil samples were collected from plots with notable species composition variations. Soil samples were analyzed for parameters like soil organic carbon, pH...
Ho-Kyoung Bae, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee, Hyeongyu Ko, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Hyun Ahn and Shin-Jae Rhim*
...dger Meles leucurus in a temperate forest, Pyeongchang, South Korea. Logistic regression models were used to determine which habitat variables affect latrine site selection. The relationship between elevation and latrine location was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test, and we used Jacob’s index to examine the relationship between latrine site selection and forest type. Badger field signs were negatively affected by human presence. Dense overstory veg...
