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Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker

...t enforce major economic threats to the livestock industry throughout the world. The present cross sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of tick in goat’s population of three different areas (Kaptai, Kattoli and Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University) of Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 60 goats were examined for tick infestation in three places using random positive sampling technique. Among the breed, Black Bengal goats...
Jehangir Khan1,2*, Inamullah Khan3, Ijaz Ali2, Aqib Iqbal2 and Muhammad Salman4
... the major public health threats in Pakistan causing severe outbreaks since 2005, the molecular epidemiology in mosquito (dengue vectors) is limited. Here, we investigated the vertical transmission of dengue virus (DENV) in the Aedes mosquitoes and its (DENV) transmission through other factors mainly tyres trade. DENV was detected in Aedes aegypti (57%) and Aedes albopictus (43%) adults (n=1050) and larvae (n=550). The samples were collect...
Waqar Islam*1, 2, Madiha Zaynab3, Muhammad Qasim2 and Zujian Wu1,2
... in plants against viral threats. The review aims to explain the molecular mechanisms involved in triggering the antiviral resistance in plants. Antiviral RNA silencing, R-gene mediated resistance and host factor related recessive resistance are categorized as most beneficial plant defense approaches used by plants. The review also briefly explains about introgression of durable resistance to generate virus resistant cultivars for economically important crops ...
Urooj Fatima1, Arslan Mehboob2, Muhammad Abid3, Muti-ur-rehman Khan4 and Tahir Yaqub4*

 

...) are posing significant threats to the dog population, around the globe. To ascertain the current situation and genetics of CPVs in Pakistan, a total of fifty samples from sick dogs suspected for parvovirus infection were collected from different geographic areas of the country. Samples were screened for positivity and verified for CPV using PCR. From a 30% positive samples for hemagglutination, nineteen (38.4%) samples were positive in PCR. Sequence analysis...
Saba Khalid*, Muhammad Saddique Awan, Riaz Aziz Minhas, Nasra Ashraf, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed, Nuzhat Shafi and Sajid Abassi
...an population were major threats to the avian fauna of Rawalakot.
...

Naeem Iftikhar1, Qamar Zaman Qamar2, Usman Ali3, Muhammad Siddique Awan4, Syeda Shaista Bibi4, Riaz Aziz Minhas4*

...were identified as major threats to the survival of this species in AJK. This study recommended the immediate formulation and implementation of Cheer pheasant conservation action plan along with declaration of its potential habitats as protected area to ensure the further survival of this important species.

...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...f awareness are the main threats that ultimately will cause reduction in species numbers around the study area. Therefore, there is an urgent need to save and protect bird diversity by maintaining the suitable habitat of the area.
...
Naveed Akhtar,1,* Riaz Muhammad2, Kausar Saeed2, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Muzaffar Shah3, Jehan Zeb2, Shahid Ahmad2, Azam Jan Afridi4 and  Aftab Hussain5
...ded from this study that threats like deforestation, habitat destruction, illegal and over hunting, urbanization and deforestation are possible factors of extinction formammalian fauna in district Buner. The responsible authorities are requested to take action against such problems to ensure the safety of mammalian fauna of Malka and Mahaban valley district Buner.
...

Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*

... continue to pose global threats mainly due to their rapid evolving nature and the dynamic range of susceptible hosts. Zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.2.1 has recently diversified into two distinct genetic subclades (2.2.1.1 and 2.2.1.2) in Egypt. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Egypt; 5202 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from live/dead birds, including commercial an...
Nausheen Irshad1,*, Imran Yousaf1, Tariq Mahmood2 and Muhammad Saeed Awan1
...s) is facing serious threats in many parts of its habitat. There is general lack of formal studies on the species. A survey was conducted from June to December 2014 to document existence of the leopard in Abbaspur area, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Direct field observations (opportunistic survey) and indirect observations based on signs of the species were recorded. This was supplemented with information collected through questionnaire survey. Results confirmed...

Muhammad Zulfiqar1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Irshad Khan Abbasi2, Muhammad Tariq2, Jawad Ali3, Melad Karim4 and Rizwan Ahmad1 

Fehmeeda Fatima, Asif Nadeem* and Maryam Javed
...faced serious population threats. In the present study, HSP70.1 gene has been partially sequenced (1344 bp) to study genetic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of Sindh ibex. In this research, samples of Sindh ibex were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan, the gene of interest was amplified, PCR products were sequenced and data was analyzed. The results of genetic diversity indicated that Parsimony informative sites were found to be 1...

 Abbas Ali1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Muhammad Samar Hussain Khan3

Winter survey of birds at Keti Bunder, district Thatha, Pakistan
...rsity and also noted the threats to the birds of Keti Bunder. To know the avian dominance and
diversity of Keti Bunder; we carried out at dawn and dusk in winter season (November, 2015 to February, 2016),
using direct and indirect methods. During the survey, total of 49 winter season bird species belonging to 33 genera
and 21 families were recorded. A total of 4280 birds were recorded dedicated survey effort from the Keti Bunder.
Do...

Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1 

...ecosystem creating major threats to crop productivity and, hence, affecting socio economic condition of the farming community. Growing of salt tolerant crop genotypes of species on salt affected lands is an effective tool for getting desirable productivity. A two-factor experiment using complete randomized design with three replications in pots having silt loam soil was carried out on April 03, 2016 to examine three maize genotypes (Iqbal, Jalal, and Azam) und...

Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed 

...fy;">One of the emerging threats to citrus industry in Pakistan is the infestation of mealybug Drosicha mangiferae (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera), a damaging insect pest of a large number of agricultural and horticultural crops in South East Asia. In spite of extensive applications of conventional synthetic pesticides, citrus farmers are unable to get rid of this pest. In order to find out alternate biorational pesticides, this laboratory study was carried out to...

Muhammad Abu Bakar1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Rashid Mahmood2, Ziyad Abdul Qadir2, Muhammad Arshad1 and Mubasshir Sohail3 

...ver, they pose different threats; due to which they should be alternated with non chemical options. Natural acaricides are considered important alternative control measure for Varroa mites. This study was planned to check the efficacy of different essential oils (Lemon oil, Eucalyptus oil, Wintergreen oil, Orange oil and Neem oil) in different concentrations against percent mortality of Varroa mites. The essential oils were applied at different concentrations ...

Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana

...ecome one of the serious threats to the sugarcane crop in Sindh province and other parts of the sugarcane growing areas. Experiment was conducted on integration of different control methods i.e. cultural, biological, yellow sticky traps and chemical against sugarcane whitefly during February 2016 at PARC-NSTHRI, Thatta, experimental field. The result revealed that lowest number of whitefly (0.38 nymphs + puparia per cm2 per leaf) with highest % mortality (79.8...

Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3 

...products are other major threats to production from farm animals. The findings of this study can serve as basis of providing key elements for policy devising in order to have research based policy making and implementation with separate set of policy actions for small, medium and large farmers. Input price mechanism, regularization of dairy sector, separate policy measures for meat and dairy animals and preservation of local breeds are few optimistic policy op...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick

...tent in dealing with the threats of climate change due to their lack of knowledge regarding climate change adaptation, mitigation and strategies and the deficiency of climate-related skills or competencies. The extension field staff exhibited a confident attitude towards training in the arena of climate change adaptation and mitigation to help close the gap between potential crop yield and average crop yield and to update the living standards of rural societie...
Samia Afzal*,Sadia Zahid, Iram Amin, Muhammad Shahid and Muhammad Idrees
Saeed Fatima1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Usman Atique2,3*, Arshad Javid4, Noor Khan2, Sonia Iqbal2, Hamid Majeed5, Hamda Azmat2, Bakhat Yawar Ali Khan6, Irfan7, Muhammad Tausif Shahid1, Gulnaz Afzal1
... are one of the greatest threats to aquatic biota for their persistence, bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the globe.This study presents the first hand data of toxic trace metals in edible fish muscles, sediments and water sampled from Head Punjnad (HP), Pakistan during 2017. The likely reason for the selection of HP as a study target was its emergent prominence as an irrigation hub and holidaymakers spot largely for angling and feasting. The investi...
Ali Uzun* and Bilgenur Yasa
...al in a short time after threats disappeared. However, persistent temperature, although it varied from time to time, played an important role during the study (p<0.05).
...

Wajiha Anum1*, Liaquat Ali1, Umair Riaz2*, Abid Ali1, Nadia Manzoor3, Laal Hussain Akhter4, Asad Ur Rahman5, Naeem Maan6 and Ijaz Ahmad

...ficit soils pose serious threats to healthy wheat crop growth. Among the major nutrients, Phosphorus (P) stands at a significant position for providing aid in seed and fruit formation, energy provision, photosynthesis, and continuation of metabolic function in plants. However, it is not readily available to the crop because of its immobile nature. In order to ensure its efficient uptake by crop, an experiment was conducted to appraise the effect of various P p...

Anurag Sharma*, Naresh Kumar, Geetanjali Singh and Anika Sharma 

...ilable drugs pose health threats and prove detrimental to both human and animal health. The traditional use of herbal preparations suggests that they are safe and effective, however, scientific validation is still required for many of them especially for animal use. The phyto-pharmacological research on these two natural products show a ray of hope for the discovery of new active compounds with a novel structure that has potential to serve as a natural lead co...

 Mahmood Alam Khan, Afzal Munir, Muahmmad Shahzad Khattak, Daulat Khan, Muhammad Ajmal

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ent pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method was used to estimate the runoff produc...

 Mahmood Alam Khan1*, Afzal Munir1, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1, Daulat Khan1, Muhammad Ajmal1

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE QUANTIFICATION FROM RAINFALL IN PESHAWAR DISTRICT-KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...ent pattern of usage are threats to human welfare, livelihood, development, and for the life itself, in the coming
years. The main objective of this study was to quantify the ground water recharge due to rainfall on yearly basis of
Peshawar district Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Groundwater recharge was estimated by subtracting
runoff from the rainfall. The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method wa...
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
...ossibility to ecological threats as well as domestic animals and human health has prompted the importance of understanding disease dynamics and associated risks in biological conservation. The present study was undertaken from North Eastern part of India from January, 2017 to March, 2018 to identify and molecularly characterize Plasmodium relictum based on cyt b gene in various species of wild birds (Upupa epops, Passer domesticus, ...
Ayesha Alam1,* and Labeeb Ali2
...d to evaluate the health threats to the people. It has been cited that viruses such as Rotavirus, Norwalk virus, adenovirus, and Hepatitis A virus, are common mediators of the diseases in human beings. Including respiratory disorders, bronchiolitis, digestive tract disorders, pneumonia and conjunctivitis. Additionally, traces of COVID-19 were also found in sewage water sources in some countries like Italy bringing attention towards analysis of sewage water. Ba...
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
... and Agror Agama. Common threats include habitat degradation, fuel wood cutting, human encroachment, grazing, stone quarries and cement factory.
...
Muhammad Umar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Mubashar Hussain1*, Moazama Batool3 and Muhammad Faheem Malik1
... in order to address the threats posed by heavy metals.
...
Nowsher Yousaf1*, Bushra Khan1, Dennis Flanagan2 and Ishaq Ahmad Mian3
...sion is one of the major threats to the soil of Miandam valley, Swat Pakistan. The soil of the valley is one of the most fragile and vulnerable to erosion. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of soil infiltration capacity, soil texture and rainfall on soil erosion occurring under various land use land cover (LULC) in the study area. Soil erosion was monitored through erosion pipes over the period from 2016 to 2017 in three differe...

 Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1

... Additionally, potential threats and conservation strategies were also discussed. SCUBA diving was conducted at 10 different dive sites along the coastline. Relative abundance of the fishes was determined using visual techniques. Sea water physiochemical parameters were determined. A total of 58 fish species in 33 genera and 24 families were recorded at 10 different dive sites. High diversity occurred at Churna Island following Mubarak Village and Astola Islan...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
...iatory killing are major threats to the survival of mongoose in the study area. These factors could be controlled through awareness campaigns and better law enforcement in order to conserve this specie. 
...
Ghulam Raza1*, Maqsood Anawar2, Muhammad Akbar1, Muhammad Ali1, Alamdar Hussain1, Azhar Hussain3 and Tanveer Hussain4
...se the ibex to potential threats of predation by predators, poaching and competition for food with livestock during winter season. Therefore, the study was conducted to analyze the characteristic habitat feature and preference of Himalayan ibex during winter season in Hushe valley of Karakorum range.
...
Sana Ilyas1, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Javed Arshed2, Muhammad Usman Qamar1 and Bilal Aslam1
...nd could lead to serious threats to both livestock and public health.
...
Shourok E. Aly 1, Karim Zaki1, Soad E. Elsayed2, M. Elgamal2, Ausama A. Yousef1, Mohamed A. Shalaby1
...ry
and major threats to the public health. Control of RVF in Egypt is dependent on vector control and
yearly vaccination of livestock using an aluminum hydroxide gel-adjuvanted inactivated Rift Valley
fever virus (RVFV) vaccine.
Objective: Herein, we aimed to enhance the immunogenicity of the conventional vaccine by
developing a smaller particle size vaccine formulation through ultrasonic dispersion o...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Qian-qian Cheng1
Raza Ali Mangi1, Ali Raza Jahejo1, Afrasyab Khan1, Yu-hai Bi1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1*
... chickens with potential threats to human health. Chicken erythrocytes are known as most abundant circulating cells in the body which participate in inflammation and immune responses. Influenza viruses interact with the host cells at cell surface, leading to cell death in human and animals through apoptosis. Current study was designed to investigate the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes in the H9N2 infected chicken erythrocytes. qRT-PCR and Western ...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Zhensheng Liu1*, Liwei Teng1* and Ejaz ur Rehman2
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...diversity, distribution, threats and conservation of freshwater turtles in Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan where no research work was done previously. Study area was divided in three study zones (Mirpur, Dadhyal and Chakswari) along the Jhelum river and further sub-divided into 18 localities. Line transect, hand capture, visual survey, tracking, trapping methods were applied to collect data related to diversity, distribution, density and questionnaire...

Farheen Aslam*, Hira Lodhi, Rasheeda Bashir, Faiza Saleem and Shagufta Naz

...ch is a growing clinical threats. bla Ndm gene encodes for new Delhi metallo-beta lactamase, which can hydrolyze all types of beta-lactams. The objective of the study was to screen multiple drug resistant strains of bacteria for New delhi-metallo-beta-lactamase (bla-Ndm1) gene. Blood samples (5ml) of children suffering from different infections, under treatment in a teriary care hospital, were screened for blaNDM-1 gene. Blood samples of 116 patients having te...
Mubashir Ali Rather1, Ambreen Hamadani2*, Syed Shanaz2, Nusrat Nabi2, Showkat Ahanger1, H. Hamadani2, Ruksana Shah2
...ted to be among the main threats responsible for high economic losses in Kashmir Merino sheep. The fodders scarcity during winters, lack of awareness among farmers, non-availability of proven sires, small flock size, lack of infrastructure, and non-availability of digital records were reported among major constraints in exploiting the genetic worth of Kashmir Merino sheep. However, owing to the high production potential of this breed, its conservation, and sel...

Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*

... practice. Anthropogenic threats are needed to be evaluated for long-term conservation of this endangered species to reduce conflict and mortality in areas where fishing is under practice.

...

Khaliq Dad1, Fenliang Zhao2, Rumsha Hassan3, Kainat Javed3, Humaira Nawaz4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5, Tahreem Fatima6 and Muhamad Nawaz3*

...pesticides cause serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem after their release by comprising different toxic substances, heavy metals and contaminants. This review paper has focused on the toxic nature of different pesticides, impacts and their possible refinement strategies from the environment as well as ways to minimize their impacts on plants and animals as adverse impacts of pesticides have also been observed on the human health, plants and other animals w...

Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali

...ted diet composition and threats to kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelanos to prepare conservation and management strategies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The diet analysis was done through crop contents of kalij pheasants, threats were assessed through field surveys, communities meeting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of threats da...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil2*, Zafar Islam2, Muhammad Asif2, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Ashraf Khan3 and Ibadullah Jan4

...nges, has posed multiple threats for Dhakki dates causing spoilage of fruits at early ripening stage, hindering ripening and drying processes at the end. Growers are adapting some alternate options of making ‘Chuhara’ (dried dates) at Khalal stage instead of processed Rutab dates. Experiments were conducted to find out comparative yield potentials of ‘Chuhara’ as well as processed dates produced from the fruits collected from trees prot...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...sites are among the main threats to these pollinators. As a result of their decrease, there has been a significant loss of ecological activities, negatively influencing the global economy. This work covers the management of foraging activities, factors influencing this behavior, foraging preference, subspecies variations, monitoring approaches, and the need of preservation and conservation of these essential pollinators. To determine honey bee ecotypes and loc...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Hafiz M. Imran Arshad4, Maria del Carmen Zuñiga Romano5 and Sarfaraz Hussain6

... became one of the major threats to rice crops worldwide. The causal agent of RSB is the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Finding appropriate management strategies to combat the disease to minimize rice yield losses and reduce global food security threats is challenging. However, scientists are still figuring out the best way to safeguard rice crops from RSB. Recently various pathogenesis-related (PR) viz. PR-3, PR-5,...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...st notably, bio-security threats, and other unobserved events ravaging the agri-food system, and causing significant loss of farm output, disruption of food supply chain, as well as loss of returns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio-security threats management practices on arable crop farmers’ food security status in South-West, Nigeria, using cross-sectional research d...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...ions globally. To reduce threats to wild stocks, it has become an urgent issue of increasing mud crab larvae production in captivity. But some chitinolytic bacteria (Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Pseudomonas spp.) poses major threats in the production line of mud crab larvae. Hence, the present study tried to determine prevalence and load of total and pathogenic bacteria in the different components of the mud crab hatcher...

Aqleem Abbas1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Waqar Younus1, Qaiser Shakeel3, Yasir Iftikhar2*, Sonum Bashir2, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2 and Azhar Hussain1

Ikram Ullah1, Zaib Ullah2*, Junaid Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Zafar Iqbal3 and Naveed Akhtar2

...tanus) is facing various threats because of the human conflict in the northern mountainous areas of Pakistan. The present study was initiated to provide baseline information regarding human-black bear conflicts and their possible mitigation at Siran and Kaghan valleys of District Mansehra, from April-2018 to April 2019. A total of 100 inhabitants of various occupations were interviewed and questionnaires were filled from 32 villages of both valleys. Agricultur...

Yanping Li, Fei Xu, Yongming Wang*, Yunyun Lv, Jinrong Shi, Biwen Xie, Wenyao Cai and Dian Liu

...ogenic and environmental threats. There is an increasing need to implement captive propagation programs to protect their populations. Here, we firstly carried out artificial breeding of S. superciliaris and S. reevesae, and hybrid combinations were designed as S. superciliaris ♀ × S. reevesae ♂, and S. superciliaris ♂ × S. reevesae ♀. Secondly, 19 microsatellite loci were used to evaluate genetic diversity between hybrid offspring and their...

Karamat Shah1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Zaib Ullah2*, Rashid Ali Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1, Naveed Akhtar2 and Muhammad Naeem Awan3

...ion that wildlife causes threats to human safety, health, food, and property. The current study was conducted from June to November, 2018, at Saiful Mulook National Park Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose, 22 villages were selected in and around the park where the population of the wildlife was high. For the study purpose, questionnaire based survey and interview were conducted. In the study area, 300 questionaire were distributed through which the...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan2, Karim Gabol2*, Muhammad Awais3,4, Mohammad Ismail1, Sajid Mahmood1, Muhammad Aslam4 and Hamidullah5

...terhen is facing extreme threats from hunting and illegal trading. The government wildlife department is less equipped to tackle the hunters in the area. We outline a strategic plan for conservation of birds, other wild animals and their habitats.

...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...st various physiological threats. Synthesis of nano-selenium particles (SeNPs) using a natural source as a reducing agents might have more advantages as an alternative to physical and chemical methods because it is inexpensive and considered environmentally friendly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Citrus paradise peels extract (SeNPs-CP), their general characterization, and their assessment for antioxidant ...

A.M. Abdul Azeem1, A.N. El shahat1* and Mohamed H.M. Abd el Megid2

...st various physiological threats. Synthesis of nano-selenium particles (SeNPs) using a natural source as a reducing agents might have more advantages as an alternative to physical and chemical methods because it is inexpensive and considered environmentally friendly. Therefore, the objective of this study was to synthesize selenium nanoparticles from Citrus paradise peels extract (SeNPs-CP), their general characterization, and their assessment for antioxidant ...

Muneer Abbas1*, Sohail Abbas2, Imran Faraz3, Niaz Hussain1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Irshad1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Zubeda Parveen1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Sana Ullah4* and Malik Akhtar Iqbal5

...e transformed into major threats by altering their biology and host preferences. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) offers a promising solution by reducing the reliance on insecticides. Many countries worldwide have successfully adopted IPM techniques to manage crop pests. However, in countries like Pakistan, the adoption of IPM practices remains limited among farmers, resulting in a lack of significant success stories in this regard. In light of the challenges ...

Rimsha Ijaz, Rida Zahra, Naseer Ali Shah*, Haroon Ahmed, Nazish Bostan and Sadia Sattar

...ty which imparts serious threats to people around the world. The principal causes of hepatitis C disease transmission in Pakistan, a developing country with a high incidence rate, are unscreened blood transfusions, unsterilized surgical instruments, and unsafe injections. Globally a total of about 170 million people have been afflicted with this malady per year and affects approximately (6%) of Pakistan’s population. HCV is RNA virus and there are seven ...

Wen Xiong1*, Shengao Chen2, Dong Xie3, Qiang Wang4, Yanxia Li5, Lei Pan6, Xiaolei Ren7*, Wei Tang8*, Kang Chen9 and Ross N. Cuthbert10

...ive species as the major threats to freshwater fish biodiversity in this system. Thus, we propose that protected areas and bans on fish introductions, should be adopted and better enforced in this and other freshwater systems.

...

Adeel Kazam1, Safdar Sidra2, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Rida Ahmad1,3, Ahmad Bilal1 and Aliza Batool1,3

...diversity, abundance and threats to birds of an important Ramsar site, Uchalli Wetland Complex, along with Ahmedabad lake. Data were collected by direct (point count) as well as indirect method (interviews) from December 2020 to May 2021. In total, 139 avian species of 27,450 individuals were recorded at study sites. Results revealed that the species richness was maximum at Uchalli (133), followed by Khabbaki (92), Jahlar (88), and Ahmedabad lake (79). The Sha...
Rahmat Ullah Khan*1, Karim Gabol1, Abbas Khan1, Asif Sadam2, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Hamid Ullah5, Muhsin Ali4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1
...ial) Fort area. However, threats responsible for the decline of biodiversity and density of avifauna include destruction of habitats, soil erosion, human interaction, drought, illegal killing, predation, water pollution, scarcity of food, and unfavorable environmental conditions. The study area is rich in bird diversity however, awareness campaigns and enforcement of legislation are required on a priority basis to conserve the avian diversity, distribution, an...

Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti1, Ikuo Kobayashi2, Ahmad Juwari3, Lovin Dika Antari4*

...ctors (opportunities and threats) of animal husbandry in two countries. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and quantitatively. Primary and secondary data were collected from July to September 2023. The results showed that economic losses due to FMD in cattle in Miyazaki Prefecture amounted to USD 775,184.77/farmer (beef cattle and dairy cattle), higher than losses in East Java province with USD 2,508.27/farmer for dairy cattle and USD 2,747.26/farmer ...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

... (ND) is one of the most threats and possess a continuous risk to the sustainable development of this growing sector. The present study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered bird...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

... (ND) is one of the most threats and possess a continuous risk to the sustainable development of this growing sector. The present study was designed to investigate the seroprevalence of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens at Barishal district of Bangladesh, from November 2021 to October 2022. During the reporting period, a total of 419 serum samples (227 layers and 192 broilers) were randomly collected from apparently healthy, sick and recovered bird...
Fawad Khan1, Zahir Muhammad1, Khushdil Khan2 , Shabir Ahmad2, Muhammad Jamil Khan3, Tamana Bakht4 And Asif Kamal2
...e weeds plants and their threats to biodiversity. The pollen of such
weed plants causes asthma and atopy disease in humans, and also cause many other
diseases in other living organism.
...

Shazia Shafique1, Sobiya Shafique1 and Sonia Sahar1

...ction is facing a lot of threats in Pakistan which are responsible for its low productivity. Like many other diseases; leaf spot is very important due to its significant yield losses. Therefore, control of this disease is obligatory to reduce the causal agent lower than commercial thresh hold level. Biological control provides safe fungal management program. Presently, the research was under taken to ascertain the antitoxic effect of Thymus serpyllum against e...
Joseph M. DiTomaso
Bilal Ahmad1, Maqsood Anwar2 and Muhammad Sadiq Khan3
...bitat; population trend, threats, breading and feed.

...
Tanveer Haider, Aurangzeb Ashraf, Ambar Masud
...lmost .03. Pressures and threats to park and particular compartment are directly and indirectly increasing day by day. Major pressures are increasing human population, overgrazing by animals, environmental pollution, like water contamination and forest fires. A thing of concern was the identification of a fast depletion of indicator species Dodonea viscosa. Forest fires occurred 1-2 times annually. All these factors show that vegetation is declining in ...
Maqsood Anwar1, Abdul Wahid Jasra2 and I. Ahmad3
...ogging have become major threats to Pakistan's remaining biodiversity.

The Government of Pakistan being aware of the situation recognized the importance to protect country's environment and prepared the National Conservation Strategy (NCS) in 1992. Pakistan also became a party to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 1994. Under the obligation of CBD, a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) has been approved by the Government of Pakistan ...

Altaf Hussain and Raja Muhammad Zarif
...d as one of the greatest threats to the ecological and economic wellbeing of the planet. These species are causing varying degree of damage to biodivesity and valuable natural and agricultural systems upon which human beings depend. Direct and indirect health effects are increasingly serious and the damage done is often irreversible The effects are exacerbated by global changes and chemical and physical disturbances to species and ecosystem Alien tree species ...
Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari and Mir Ajab Khan
...mption, availability and threats facing by the park authorities. A total of 35 species, belonging to 29 genera and 24 families of wild tree and shrubs, were found to be commonly used as fuelwood in Margalla Hills National Park by the people. Acacia modesta Wall., A. nilotica (L.) Delile, Buxus papillosa C.K. Schneid. and Dodonaea viscose (L.) Jacq. Were found to be under high fuelwood pressure. Issues were discussed and conclusions...
Tariq Ahmad1*, Anum Razzaq2, Hira Shahzadi2, Faiz Ur Rehman4, Li Bo1
Saif Ullah2, Omama Saqib1, Muhammad Tayyab Khan5, Muhammad Suliman1 and Ayesha Zulfiqar3
...s two. Some of the major threats are fledgling failure, egg loss and nestling loss of spotted dove during breeding success which were due to human predation on nests (i.e., removing young from cavities) and predators (i.e., snakes, civets, cats, and crows). Furthermore, the egg loss percentage was also noticed due to hunters (19.35%) whereas the predators showed 12.90% damage. The nestling loss due to hunters was 34.48% whereas the predation loss rate and nest...

Rumisha Raza1*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Aftab Ahmed Anjum2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1 and Sehrish Firyal1*

... prey are facing serious threats such as loss of habitat, pollution, poaching and injuries. In order to maintain ecological balance and food chains, this is very important to make strategies for conservation of these predatory birds. However, there is still uncertainty in their taxonomy because these birds are not studied well at genetic level. Morphological identification includes size, color, and body weight etc. which are crude and does not lead to accurate...

Toyin B. Ajibade1*, Mukhtar A. Yusuf1, Sijuwade A. Adebayo2, Uswat T. Adeyemi1 and Olubunmi A. Omotesho1

...pment. Despite potential threats that plastic poses to ocean ecosystem, there is still limited research in Nigeria to ascertain the extent and magnitude of the challenge. This study was therefore carried out to unfold how plastic pollution, alongside climatic variables, has affected artisanal fish output in Nigeria. We analysed the effect of marine pollution and selected climatic variables on artisanal fish capture in Nigeria over 1980-2019. Analytical tools e...

Saba Mehnaz1*, Farhan Ahmad Atif2, Rao Zahid Abbas1, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Saqib3

...gens are among the major threats to animal health and production causing huge economic losses in the form of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Due to the scarcity of epidemiological data and appropriate diagnostic methods, the study was carried out to detect Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata from buffaloes of Sheikhupura, Jhang, and Rawalpindi districts by using duplex PCR. A total of 1,152 blood samples of buffaloes were screened for epid...

Ying Zhong1,3,4, Jingni Chen1, Chunping Huang1, Huaiyuan Jin1, Jinlu Huang1, Lining Zhao1, Yi Geng3, Guiping Wang1,4 and Xueqiao Qian1,2*

...lity, is one of the main threats to farming Litopenaeus vannamei. We identified seven strains of pathogenic bacteria from ponds with outbreaks of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis at a L. vannamei farm in Zhuhai, China. Among the seven bacteria strains, one strain was isolated from aquaculture water, two strains were isolated from hepatopancreas, and the other four strains were isolated from juvenile shrimp. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical ide...

Ibrahim Ali1,2, Hanan Mohamed Fathy Abdien1*, Wael Kamel Elfeil1, Mohsen Mohamed Zaky ElDemerdash1, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen2,3, Walid Hamdy Kilany2,3

...conomic losses and human threats.  Currently AI inactivated vaccine depend on using classical Oil excipients as adjuvants. We have formulated a novel monovalent experimental vaccine against the recent circulated HPAI H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses using following adjuvants (MONTANIDE™ GEL 01 PR, MONTANIDE™ IMS 1313, and MONTANIDE™ ISA70 to evaluate their impact on the vaccine efficacy, potency, with special focus to humoral and cell mediate...

Wen Xiong1, Zhimin Jin1, Zinuo Yuan1, Qin Liu2* and Peter A. Bowler3

...species are the greatest threats to freshwater fish biodiversity in the Yujiang River. We recommend the adoption and enforcement of additional protected areas, improvement in approaches to sustainable fishery management, much better control of non-native species, and an improvement in and the expansion of fish life-history research. Our study contributes recommendations for the better protection of freshwater fish biodiversity and the development of sustainabl...

Sami ul Haq, Basheer Ahmad* and Bilal Ahmed Qazi 

...pecies. However, primary threats include illegal logging for fuelwood and construction. To address these challenges, alternative fuelwood and construction materials should be provided to local communities.This study contributes to understanding species composition and soil factors influencing forest ecosystems in the region, informing conservation strategies and sustainable forest management practices. Community-led initiatives are necessary to protect the Sha...

Nguyen Khanh Thuan1*, Bui Thi Le Minh1, Ngo Van Thong1,2, Nguyen Ho Thanh Tuyen1, Nguyen Lam Truong1, Pham Minh Thien1 

...e-antigen genes, causing threats to animal and human health. 

...

Muhammad Ashfaq Khan, Basheer Ahmad, Sami Ul Haq, Bilal Ahmed Qazi*, Saifullah

...management to combat the threats of land conversion and illicit tree harvesting, while promotion of reforestation and alternative energy sources in the Matta subdivision of Swat Valley are highly recommended.

...

Pakistan Journal of Forestry

June

Vol. 74, Iss. 1

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