Raja Waqar Ahmed Azad, Tahir Sarwar
...method, wherein the flow velocity was measured using current meter. The conveyance losses were found 13.2%, 11.8% and 7.8% in watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu, respectively, which resulted in conveyance efficiency of 86.8%, 88.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Results showed that conveyance losses increased and conveyance efficiency decreased with the aging of watercourse. Hence, more repair and maintenance is required for aged watercourses to minimize conve...
Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1
...d T affect linear growth velocity (LGV) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Nevertheless, age and developmental stage dependent changes in GH and T and LGV and their associations require further investigation. This study examined relationships between GH and LGV, T and LGV and GH and T in 540 normal healthy boys of 1 to 20 years (n=27 boys/age group). The concentrations...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain3
...tures, rainfall and wind velocity were negative and non-significantly correlated while, % relative humidity (%R.H) was found non-significantly and positively correlated both with USDA accessions and local varieties. On overall basis, during the course of the season, lowest number of jassid/leaf was recorded on USG-12-8 (1.7) followed by USG-12-44 (3.2) and USG-12-24 (3.3) while, number of whiteflies/leaf on USG-14-2460 (11.6) followed by USG-12-24 (12.4) and U...
Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2
Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...mperature,rainfall, wind velocity, evaporation and positive with afternoon and morning relative humidity. The values of coefficient of determination (R ) were high (0.92 to 0.99), indicated that the population of L. erysimi governed significantly with the weather parameters. It concluded that the temperature (max. 18.7 and min. 5.0 C), relative humidity (morning 91.5 and afternoon 50.5 percent), rainfall (000.0 mm), evaporation (below 1.55 mm), bright sun shin...
Kaleem Ullah1, Zafar Niaz2, Sami Ullah Mumtaz3, Sajid Abaidullah4*
...mean peak mitral filling velocity of the patients was 69.8±15.9 cm/s. The mean peak mitral filling rate of the patients was 57.2±30.9 cm/s and mean E/A ratio was 1.3±0.3. The mean iso-volumetric relaxation time of the patients was 84.2±14.7 msec. The mean mitral E deceleration time of the patients was 187.4±25.1 msec. The mean atrial flow reversal was 0.28±0.04. There were 14 (28%) patients having left ventricular dias...
Hasnain Alam1*, Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak1 and Taoufik Saleh Ksiksi2
...ce index, coefficient of velocity of germination and germination rate. Osmotic stress significantly decreased most of the germination traits, while mean germination time increased with decreasing OL in all four species. A. leucoclada showed significant interactive effect of OA and OL for GP. GP of A. leucoclada was higher in PEG treatment but decreased at -0.6 MPa while NaCl had the lower GP but did not show any decrease with decreasing OL of NaCl. Contrary to...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3
...oltage of 25kV at an air velocity of 0.5 m/s. Moreover, it was observed and shown in this paper that when the voltage was increased beyond 25kV, the efficiency of the design lost its stability due to back corona effect. The filtration system proposed in this paper shows the ability of an efficient tool for controlling the flow of particulate pollutant matter from biomass combustion under particular conditions.
... 
Tajwali Khan1*, Ihtzaz Qamar1, Feroz Shah2, Kareem Akhtar2, Rehman Akhtar3
MODEL FOR FUEL DROPLET EVAPORATION IN COMBUSTION CHAMBER OF LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES
...ate and droplet relative velocity
with hot gas has significant effects on the life of droplet and characteristic length. Effects of chamber pressure and
diameter are more significant for larger droplet size....
with hot gas has significant effects on the life of droplet and characteristic length. Effects of chamber pressure and
diameter are more significant for larger droplet size....
Muhammad Alam Zeb Khan1*, Muhammad Ali Kamran1, Khan Muhammad2, Khizar Azam1
IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL OPERATING PARAMETERS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE COAL FOR USE IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIES
...rimary and secondary air velocity at various air fuel ratios was investigated
to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective
combustion. The study will hel...
to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective
combustion. The study will hel...
Zulfiqar Ali Soomro1*
NOISE CONTROL FILTRATION OF LATERAL AND YAW DYNAMICS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEELSET ON TRACK
...e movement by wheels and velocity of train in lateral and yaw phases are enumerated.
Here dual bucy kalman estimator is implemented to decrease the influence of the noise caused due improper ratio
of adhesion level upon track. One estimator reduces the overshoot of noise and other to minimize it at lower level
of level of error. Further the behavior of lateral and yaw dynamic analysis is observed by implementation of fuzzy
inference...
Here dual bucy kalman estimator is implemented to decrease the influence of the noise caused due improper ratio
of adhesion level upon track. One estimator reduces the overshoot of noise and other to minimize it at lower level
of level of error. Further the behavior of lateral and yaw dynamic analysis is observed by implementation of fuzzy
inference...
Muhammad Kaleem Sarwar1, Zulfiqar Ali Chaudary2, M.Tousif Bhatti3, Daulat Khan
EVALUATION OF AIR VENTS AND RAMP ANGLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ORIFICE SPILLWAY AERATORS
...h, cavity pressure, flow velocity and water depth at the aerator were measured by changing operating
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp init...
conditions. Non-dimensional jet length (λ), air entrainment co-efficient (β) and non-dimensional cavity pressure (Pn)
were computed to evaluate the performance of the aerator against ramp angle and air vent size. Results noted an
improvement in the performance of aerator with the increase of air vent size. However, the ramp init...
Aqeel Nawaz1, Muhammad Ali Kamran1
PARAMETRIC SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF CONVEX STAR PORT PROPELLANT GRAIN FOR SOLID ROCKET MOTOR
...d characteristic exhaust velocity on the burn pattern and performance profile for qualitative analysis of
sliver fraction (tail-off)and neutrality. The purpose of the study is to expand the design domain by evaluating entire
convex Star family under both neutral and least sliver content conditions.The computer program associated to it
is essentially the ballistic design analysis of the convex star grain configuration.Results showed that ne...
sliver fraction (tail-off)and neutrality. The purpose of the study is to expand the design domain by evaluating entire
convex Star family under both neutral and least sliver content conditions.The computer program associated to it
is essentially the ballistic design analysis of the convex star grain configuration.Results showed that ne...
Farid Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Iqbal1
DEVELOPMENT OF A TESTING RIG FOR VIBRATION AND WIND BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS
...able of producing an air velocity from 0.4 to 11 m/s at the corresponding
fan speed of 1000 rpm to 10000 rpm respectively. Furthermore, the reported wind tunnel is quite able to producing
a maximum mass flow rate of 0.170 kg/s. ...
fan speed of 1000 rpm to 10000 rpm respectively. Furthermore, the reported wind tunnel is quite able to producing
a maximum mass flow rate of 0.170 kg/s. ...
Farid Ullah Khan*, Adeel Ahmed*, Uzair Khan Jadoon*, Fahim Haider*
MODELING, SIMULATION AND FABRICATION OF AN UNDERSHOT FLOATING WATERWHEEL
...ysis that the water flow velocity is the
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the
waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, design
estimates for waterwheel producing 1 kW power are obtained with the devised analytical model. The si...
major factor affecting the output power and due to availability of high flow velocity stream the parameters of the
waterwheel, such as, radius and width of wheel can be reduced considerably. For a flow velocity of 1.5 m/s, design
estimates for waterwheel producing 1 kW power are obtained with the devised analytical model. The si...
Mujahid Badshah, Saeed Badshah, Sakhi Jan
HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...bine at a design current velocity of 1.5 m/s. Effect of solidity on performance was quantified by varying the number of turbine blades. The value of CP increased by 1.5% with increasing the number of blades from 2 to 3. The value of CP further increased by only 0.2% with increase in number of blades from 3 to 4. The value of turbine thrust was minimally effected by increase in the number of blades. However, the value of thrust per blade increased with a reduct...
Mujahid Badshah*1, Saeed Badshah1, Sakhi Jan1
HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...bine at a design current velocity of 1.5 m/s. Effect of solidity on performance was quantified by varying
the number of turbine blades. The value of CP increased by 1.5% with increasing the number of blades from 2 to 3.
The value of CP further increased by only 0.2% with increase in number of blades from 3 to 4. The value of turbine
thrust was minimally effected by increase in the number of blades. However, the value of thru...
Usman Ghani*, Naeem Ijaz* and Daulat Khan**
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MEANDERING OPEN CHANNEL FLOWS
...velocities and secondary velocity vectors over different sections along the meander wavelength for the four cases to enhance the understanding of the primary and secondary flow fields and boundary shear stresses using numerical simulation. It was observed that the direction of secondary currents depends upon flow depth and their strength increases with increasing depth of flow. In compound channel flow cases, the overbank flow velocities ar...
Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*
A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...disturbance and relative velocity across the damper. Fuzzy logic control can cope with the nonlinearities of system using heuristic rules. Three gains are incorporated in the system corresponding to the inputs and output of the controller. Particle swarm optimization method is utilized for its better convergence and precision. The technique results in evaluation of appropriate gains that result in superior performance of the designed system...
Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3
MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...esistance to penetration velocity. The shapes of spray images of two fuels were almost similar. However, B20 exhibited larger ‘L’ and ‘β’ due to higher initial velocity and mass of droplet, compared with diesel. This indicates that relative to diesel fuel, B20 has a stronger impact on the spray performance, and thus improves both ‘L’ and ‘β’. During the...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...00 ± 6.00%, water velocity of 0.16 ± 0.12m/s and wider river widths of 190.90 ± 113.80 m. The foraging habitats were far from sources of disturbance such as mine factory (2.70 ± 0.48), village (286.10 ± 168.97 m) and road (114.50 ± 105.01 m). Our study showed that riverbank vegetation (Z=-2.614, P=0.009), distance to village (Z=-2.859, P=0.004) and road (Z=-2.085, P=0.037) in t...
Ahsan Numan1,4, Abdul Basit Qureshi2, Fehmeda Farrukh Khan3,Faisal Masud3,Ijaz Ahmad4, Kamran Ashraf5, Nisar Ahmad5, Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf 4, Imtiaz Rabbani4, Hafsa Zaneb6 and Habib Rehman4*
...DSP. Latency, conduction velocity and amplitude of four sensory nerves (median, ulnar, peroneal and sural) and four motor nerves (median, ulnar, peroneal and tibial) were measured. Results demonstrated significant differences in all electrophysiological attributes of motor nerves except tibial nerve of the DSP patients compared to DMT2 patients in the short duration group. Similar results were noticed for sensory nerves except ulnar nerve in DSP patients. For ...
Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1
...ey had higher adsorption velocity at 1.06×10-10 and 9.99×10-11 after 10 and 20 min while it was 5.24×10-9 and 1.25×10-10, after 20 and 30 min, respectively for group V. Electron micrographs of the isolated phages showed that they were belonging to two different morphological families; Myoviridae with isometric heads and contractile tails and Podoviridae with elongated heads and short tails. It can be concluded that the rhizospheres of l...
Mohsen M. Elsharkawy1, Salem H. Homayed1, Mohamed M. Elsawy2 and Amr A. Khedr1
...
Results: The wind velocity (2.6 m/s) resulted in decreased virus severity and titer compared with the
control. However, the potential of wind velocity lower or higher than 2.6 was less effective on CMV.
Additionally, the severity and titer of CMV were significantly reduced in GF19-1 treated plants in
comparison with the control. Quantitative real-time PCR results exhibited increased...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Pervaiz Khan2 and Fozia Gull3
...=0.064, r=0.21) and wind velocity (r=0.773, r=0.58), respectively. This relationship of abiotic factors clearly shows that pest emergence increase with peak season of host and ecology of field. This research work indicated about pest alarming occurrence time, correlation of environmental factors and suggesting future pest management strategies for controlling Pest.
... 
Wael Felefel1*, Mohamed EL-Beskawy2, M. F. El -Dakroury3, Mohamed Morsi Elkamshishi4, Eman Sayed Mohammed5
...tests in addition to the velocity of killing ticks with injection.
Keywords | Doramectin, Fipronil, Hard Ticks, Stray dogs, ROC curve
...
Layth Saleem Salman Al-Shihmani
...ct of the Kut Dam on the velocity of the flow of the river load had a role in the variation in the distribution of soils in that region....
Mustafa Erkan Özgür1*, Selim Erdogan2, Songül Aydemir3 and Hatice Yumusakbas2
...etween the straight line velocity (VSL) and pentadecanoic acid (r = -0.78, p<0.05), stearic acid (r = -0.76, p<0.05) and nervonic acid (r = -0.89, p<0.01) for rainbow trout, while there was negative correlation (r = -0.96, p<0.05) between angular path velocity (VAP) and EPA for brown trout. Finally, it can be concluded with these results that the fatty acids of sperm seminal plasma affect the velocities of sperm ...
Aiman Amur1*, Nasreen Memon1, Khalida Unar2 and Roshan Jamali3
..., respectively) and wind velocity (r=-0.62, r= -0.419, respectively). Current status of fruit flies shows that all the factors of ecology, directly are indirectly impact on the progress physically and reproductively enhance the growth of Bactrocera dorsalis. These ecological correlations play key role in development of pest....
Muhammad Afzal Naeem1*, Muhammad Hassaan Khan2, Tahmina Nazish3, Uzma Bashir4 and Midrarullah5
... germination coefficient velocity and relative percentage of wheat, respectively, compared to the control. Delay of 2.98 % mean germination time of wheat. Therefore, it may be inferred that the allelochemicals exuded by G. hirsutum crop residues (leave and stem) may have inhibitory effect on the various germination and growth indices of wheat and consequently results in poor crop development and yield statistics....
Haiyan Nan, Ran Feng, Guiling Zhang and Jingqin Liu*
...05), while the peak flow velocity, blood flow and spectral width of the T2DM group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In the left and right dorsal foot arteries, the inner diameter and blood flow of the T2DM group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The peak flow velocity and spectral width of the T2DM group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the c...
MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL1*, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF4 & MUHAMMAD ILYAS YASIN5
...stimate the pressure and velocity variations in constricted vessels. The results showed that velocity and pressure of blood may reduce up to 50% and 40%, respectively after passing through the constricted area. The results of this study will be helpful for the comprehension of sophisticated hemodynamics at constricted vessel portion and hence better remedial measures may be adopted....
Genlong Zhan1*, Yunhua Zheng2, Desheng Li*4 and Hongmei Zhang3
...graphy, nerve conduction velocity, and hemodynamics. We found that the number of markedly effective cases in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The total effective rate was 89.23% in the treatment group and 72.31% in the control group. The total effective rate in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, as well ...
Urip Rosani1*, Iman Hernaman1, Rahmat Hidayat1, Darmawan Hidayat2
...ameters (attenuation and velocity) and the nutrient content (crude fiber and lignin) of rice bran containing different rice husks. Based on the results of research, there is a strong relationship between ultrasonic parameters and the nutrient content of rice bran containing various rice husks. The positive correlation between attenuation with crude fibre is 0.975, and attenuation with lignin is 0.965. The attenuation coefficient can be used as a parameter for ...
MUHAMMAD JAVAID AFZAL*1, FARAH JAVAID2, SHAHZADI TAYYABA3, ANEEQA SABAH4 & MUHAMMAD WASEEM ASHRAF5
...6 μL/s flow rate with velocity 0.02055 m/s while FUZZY simulation has given 0.29 μL/s with velocity 0.02647 m/s. The results from both simulation and previous results found in a close settlement at the same Reynolds number and pressure. This study is very important for examining the blood flow rate with blood velocity. This simulated research is helpful in finding the cure for diseas...
Jinzhao Li1, Yawen Zhang2, Binghan Jia1, Yuqiong Zhao1, Huijuan Luo1, Xiaojie Ren1, Yuan Li3, Xiaoyan Bai1, Jing Ye3 and Junping Li1*
...nd intestinal propulsion velocity was significantly slower, especially in the distal colon. P-Ser396-Tau, P-Ser404-Tau, PKC, p-p38, p38, and Tau positive cells were distributed in the intestinal muscle plexus of the distal colon, and all of them were colocalized with MORs; though the expressions levels of tau and p38 remained unchanged, others indexes above significantly increased in the distal colonic muscle layer of OIC rats. However, after the administratio...
Babar Sohail and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
... i.e., reduction in wind velocity and storms (74% farmers), increase in rain (20% farmers), decrease in temperature (14% farmers) and increase in humidity (61% farmers) and lowering water table by about 15-20 ft (73% farmers). However, these changes are based on farmer's perception and need detailed study before confirmation. ...
M. A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...th high insolation, wind velocity and evaporation; and low soil moisture. Under such conditions the natural regeneration of this species is scanty and efforts are being made to plant it.
The aim of the present investigation was to gain information about the water balance factors of this species under natural conditions....
The aim of the present investigation was to gain information about the water balance factors of this species under natural conditions....
Jan Muhammad1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2
...s in the cross-sectional velocity profile, aiming to understand better the velocity changes induced by the growth of aquatic weeds and select the best model for velocities estimation. Upon the appearance of the submerged aquatic weeds, it was observed that the velocity at the uppermost layer rose while the velocity at the bottom layer decreased. A quanti...
A.M. Ahmed1*, R. Dutta1, H. Pokhrel1, D. Nath1, L. Mudoi1, R. Sarmah1, S.K. Bhagabati1 and I. Ahmed2
...issolved Oxygen (DO) and velocity exhibited a positive correlation with fish abundance. Longest K-dominance curve formed at the station S-4 indicating the highest fish abundance. The findings will aid in the development of a reasonable exploitation and protection strategy for freshwater fish in the Diyung river....
Mahisba Waris1, Muhammad Azim Khan2*, Muhammad Fawad1*, Nabeela Jafer1, Rashid Hussain3 and Haseeb Ahmad3
.... Highest coefficient of velocity for both germination and shoot length was observed at 75% concentration, whereas, germination was completely inhibited at 100% concentration at 100% concentration. It is concluded that moringa extract at lower to moderate levels stimulate germination and seedling growth of okra, whereas at high concentration cause severe inhibition of okra seeds....
