Antimicrobial Activity of Olea ferruginea Leaf Galls Extracts
Antimicrobial Activity of Olea ferruginea Leaf Galls Extracts
Madeeha1, Shahida Naveed1*, Ayosha Hanif1, Jalwa Afroz1, Abdul Haq1, Gul Rose2, Inayat Ullah3 and Zunaira Inayat4
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine and compare the extraction potential and in vitro antimicrobial activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, aqueous and acetone extracts of Olea ferruginea leaf nut galls against bacteria and fungi of gastrointestinal tracts. Cold maceration procedure was used to check the extraction potential of the active bimolecules. Qualitative Phytochemical screening for primary and secondary metabolites were carried out for all of the extracts and were analyzed for the presence of active constituents such as flavonoids, terpeniods, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, steroids and saponins. Various extracts of Olea ferruginea leaf nut galls were screened for antimicrobial activity at 100mg/ml concentration level against four bacterial species including two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans), two gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typha) and one yeast species (Candida albicans) using agar well diffusion method. Among the extracts, methanol was found best solvent for extraction followed by acetone. Qualitative Phytochemical screening of leaf nut galls extracts confirmed the presence of primary and secondary metabolites i.e., tannins, steroids, terpeniods, proteins, carbohydrates, saponins and flavonoids. Results of antimicrobial activity demonstrated that various extracts were active against the selected test microorganisms. The acetone and ethanol extracts were most active against all the tested micro organisms. Candida albicans was most susceptible (36.00 mm) in acetone extract among the handpicked microorganisms to different crude extracts of nut galls, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (34.00mm) in acetone extract, Streptococcus mutans (33.00mm) in acetone extract, Salmonellatypha (32.67mm) and Escherichia coli was found least susceptible to nut galls extract (27.00 mm) in ethanol. However Chloroform extract was found comparatively least effective against microorganisms. In conclusion, Olea ferruginea leaf nut galls showed promising phytochemiacls and antimicrobial properties, making them a potential source for further research in developing antibacterial and antifungal agents.
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