Comparative Assessment of Hydroponic and Geoponic Cultivation Systems for Sustainable Spinach Cultivation
Comparative Assessment of Hydroponic and Geoponic Cultivation Systems for Sustainable Spinach Cultivation
Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4
Figure 1:
Deep water culture reservoir system (used hydroponic model).
Figure 2:
Net pots used in the study.
Figure 3:
Air pump used in deep water culture model.
Figure 4:
Full-spectrum light-emitting diode and PVC pipes light stand.
Figure 5:
Schematic (a) top view and (b) side view of the hydroponic model (Dimensional view).
Figure 6:
Graphical (a) top view and (b) side view of the hydroponic model (Functional view).
Figure 7:
Water used hydroponic vs traditional.
Figure 8:
Average (a) Height (b) stem size and (c) Leaf area.
Figure 9:
Plant (a) Height (b) stem size and (c) Leaf area.
Equation 1
December 2021
Vol. 34, Iss. 4, Pages 672-912
