Comparison of Eco-Friendly Control Strategies against Root-Knot Nematode in Relation to Growth and Fruit Yield of Pomegranate Orchards, with Special Reference to Structure of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Community
Comparison of Eco-Friendly Control Strategies against Root-Knot Nematode in Relation to Growth and Fruit Yield of Pomegranate Orchards, with Special Reference to Structure of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Community
Eman Alsayed Hammad and Atef Mohamed El-Sagheer
ABSTRACT
Root-knot nematodes represent one of the most important plant pathogens in most Pomegranate cultivation regions. By studying the structure of the plant-parasitic nematodes community inhabiting the rhizosphere of Pomegranate fields, it was found that Meloidogyne is the most common genus and harmful one. So, the efficacy comparative of Chitosan, Marjoram emulsion oil, Trichoderma asperellum, and Vermicompost as alternative eco-friendly control agents for root-knot nematode M. incognita infected Pomegranate were evaluated under greenhouse and open field conditions. Results indicated the ability of tested strategies to suppress M. incognita after being applied three times. Under protected conditions the pest reduction percentages of M. incognita and increase percentages in shoot dry weight were associated with the use of Marjoram emulsion oil (82.5, 208%), Chitosan (75.3, 105.8%), and Vermicompost (72.1, 93.4%) after chemical nematicide (93.0, 424.3%). Whereas, under field conditions, the application of Chitosan achieved the greatest reduction percentage (82.2%), followed by Marjoram emulsion oil (71.2%), compared to the nematicide Nemaphos (83.5%). This effect has been shown significantly in the plant growth, fruit yield, and the quality of the extracted juice (pH, TSS, vitamin C, protein, carbohydrates, and fatty acids). Treatments of Marjoram emulsion oil, Chitosan, and Vermicompost recorded the best increase percentages after the chemical nematicide, compared to control. It could be concluded that, the use of tested eco-friendly agents in the control strategies resulted from an effective alternative strategy in the suppression of the root-knot nematode and other plant-parasitic nematodes.
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