Impact of Different Integrated Pest Management Modules on Pest Infestation, Pesticide Residue and Yield in Mango Fruits
Impact of Different Integrated Pest Management Modules on Pest Infestation, Pesticide Residue and Yield in Mango Fruits
Muhammad Asif Farooq1*, Muhammad Jalal Arif1, Muhammad Dildar Gogi1, Bilal Atta2 and Ahmad Nawaz1
ABSTRACT
Integrated pest management (IPM) relies on a merger of rational practices and always considered as an effective and environment-friendly approach to managing pests. The present study was conducted at different locations in the Multan District, Punjab Province, Pakistan for two consecutive years 2016-17 to devised four IPM modules (PRMM-1, PRMM-2, PRMM-3, and PRMM-4) for mango to evaluate their impact on insect pests, pesticide residues and yield in mangoes. The modules were based on a combination of different IPM tactics to suppress the pest population with no or minimal use of insecticides. Each module was applied in an area of 0.405 ha of a mango orchard. Fruit samples collected from all modules were subjected to analytical analysis using QuECHERS for sample preparation followed by quantification with GC-ECD. Recoveries of the samples analyzed were ranged from 78-98%. Results revealed that 75.00% samples of pesticide residues mitigation in PRMM-4 followed by PRMM-3 (66.66%), PRMM-2 (33.33%) and PRMM-1 (25.00%). Similarly, the highest number of samples (41.66%) from PRMM-4 exceeded maximum residual limit (MRL) values of the Codex Alimentarius Commission while the lowest (16.66%) were observed in PRMM-1. In addition, all the modules showed a significant difference in pest population reduction of Bactrocera spp., Drosicha mangiferae and Idioscopus clypealis. Although, pesticide contamination was higher in PRMM-1, however PRMM-2 was found best module when compared in terms of pest population reduction (90.79%), average yield and cost-benefit ratio (1:63.28). Conclusively, the pesticide residues can be minimized by applying different control measures with proper integration.
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