Improved Growth Performance, Innate Immune Response, and Gut Microbes by Dietary Inclusion of Polyphenol Rich Agricultural Waste in Hybrid Tilapias
Improved Growth Performance, Innate Immune Response, and Gut Microbes by Dietary Inclusion of Polyphenol Rich Agricultural Waste in Hybrid Tilapias
Aulia Kanwal1, Rehana Kausar2, Muhammad Asif Gondal1* and Chi Chen3
Fig. 1.
Chromatographs of rice husk, corn cobs and sugar cane bagase showing peaks of phenolic compounds.
Fig. 2.
A, Total length measured (cm) at an interval of 13 days. B, Weight measured (g) at an interval of 13 days. * = p ˂ 0.03, ** = p ˂ 0.002, *** = p ˂ 0.0002, **** = p ˂ 0.0001. For abbreviations see Table I.
Fig. 3.
A, Length increase % = Final length - Initial length/ Initial length × 100); B, Relative growth rate (RGR) = Final weight - Initial weight/Initial weight × 100 (Lugert et al., 2016) * = p ˂ 0.03, ** = p ˂ 0.002, *** = p ˂ 0.0002, **** = p ˂ 0.0001. For abbreviations see Table I.
