Molecular Analysis of the Two-Component CusS/CusR Regulon for Copper Resistance: Cloning, Phylogenetics, and Structural Modeling
Molecular Analysis of the Two-Component CusS/CusR Regulon for Copper Resistance: Cloning, Phylogenetics, and Structural Modeling
Soumble Zulfiqar* and Abdul Rauf Shakoori
ABSTRACT
Copper resistance in bacteria is mediated by regulatory systems that sense and respond to metal stress. In this study, the CusS and CusR from a copper-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain were explored, which form a two-component regulatory system crucial for copper detoxification. The genes were successfully amplified and cloned into a vector. Their sequences were obtained through commercial services. The corresponding protein sequences were deduced and a comprehensive analysis was conducted, including multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic tree construction. The findings reveal that CusS and CusR are conserved across a broad range of Proteobacteria, suggesting a widespread role in metal resistance. The proteins were further characterized through structural modeling to predict their three-dimensional conformations. The analysis identified key domains involved in the regulatory mechanisms of copper resistance. The study highlights the evolutionary conservation of this two-component system and provides insights into its functional dynamics across diverse bacterial species. These results enhance our understanding of metal resistance mechanisms and could inform future research on bacterial adaptation to environmental stresses.
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