Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
Monkeypox: Insights into virus morphology, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in developing nations
Ram Bahadur Khadka1*; Khimdhoj Karki1; Gautam Prasad Chaudhary2; Jitendra Pandey3
ABSTRACT
Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV) and
shares similarities with the other Orthopoxviruses. This review aimed to explore the
morphology of MPXV, clinical manifestations, and mitigation strategies in the developing
nations. Clinically, MPXV resembles smallpox. It has an unidentified natural host, despite it
has been isolated from the rope squirrels and Sooty mangabeys. Transmission occurs through
the respiratory excretions, saliva, contact with lesions, and potentially via the feces. The
disease comprises a prodromal phase and subsequent skin rash. Originating in 1959 following
a monkey outbreak in Copenhagen's research institute; the initial human case was documented
in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus subsequently dispersed globally;
impacting several nations such as UK, USA, Israel, and Singapore. Thus, in addition to the
healthcare infrastructure, combating monkeypox in the developing countries requires
bolstering the disease surveillance, public awareness, diagnostic capabilities, and vaccination
campaigns. Sustainable international collaboration and extensive scientific investigations are
crucial for safeguarding the public health and preventing further spread of this viral disease.
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August 2023
Vol. 7, Iss. 4,
