On the Way to Sustainable Peat-Free Soil Amendments
Zane Vincevica-Gaile1, Karina Stankevica1, Maris Klavins1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Damat Damat3*, Praptiningsih Gawawati Adinurani4, Lili Zalizar5, Muhammad Zul Mazwan6, Juris Burlakovs7,
Didiek Hadjar Goenadi8,9, Rista Anggriani3 and Aamir Sohail10
1Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 1, Riga LV-1004, Latvia, Indonesia; 2Department of Agriculture Science, Postgraduate Program, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No 246, Malang 65144, East Java, Indonesia; 3Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia; 4Department Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Merdeka University of Madiun, Jl. Serayu No.79, Madiun 63133, East Java, Indonesia; 5Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia; 6Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; 7Chair of Rural Building and Water Management, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; 8Indonesian Research Institute for Biotechnology and Bioindustry, Jl Taman Kencana No. 1 Bogor 16128, West Java, Indonesia; 9Indonesian Inventor Association, Jl. Rawa Bambu Raya No. 17 A Pasar Minggu, Special Capital Region of Jakarta 12520, Indonesia; 10University of Bolton, A676 Deane Rd, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
*Correspondence | Damat Damat, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65144, Indonesia; Email: damatumm@gmail.com
Figure 1:
Advantages and disadvantages of peat-free soil-improving amendments (EC, 2018; EUBIA, 2021).
Figure 2:
Examples of materials applicable as constituents of peat-free soil amendments.
Figure 3:
Total content and bioavailability (in brackets) of elements (indicating maximum detected values as a worst-case), and visualization of a spherical ash-sapropel granule.