Serological and Molecular diagnosis of FMD virus in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates 2014
Serological and Molecular diagnosis of FMD virus in Sharkia and Fayoum governorates 2014
Nashwa M. Helmy1 and Ahmed S. A.2
ABSTRACT
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is the most contagious disease of mammals and
has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed
animals. There are seven serotypes of FMD virus (FMDV), namely O, A, C, SAT 1, SAT
2, SAT 3 and Asia 1. Tests for antibodies of FMDV nonstructural proteins (NSPs) are
useful in providing evidence of previous or current viral replication in the host,
irrespective of vaccination status. NSPs, unlike structural proteins are highly conserved
and therefore are not serotype specific and as a consequence, the detection of these
antibodies is not serotype restricted. The current study aimed on detection of early NSPs
in apparently healthy cattle, and detects FMDV by real-time RT-PCR and Indirect
sandwich ELISA in suspected samples. The serum samples were collected from Sharkia
and Fayoum governorates (30 and 40 sera respectively) submitted to laboratory
examination by Priochek for NSPs (3ABC) 32 out of 70 were positive (12 sera samples
from Sharkia and 20 sera samples from Fayoum), while 22 out of 70 were positive by
real time RT-PCR (10 sera samples from Sharkia and 12 sera samples from Fayoum).
Definitive diagnosis of foot and mouth disease requires the detection of virus antigen or
genome. So, the vesicular epithelial tissues collected from infected cattle from Sharkia
(7) and Fayoum (5) governorates were subjected to antigen ELISA and RT-PCR. 8
epithelial tissues were identified by Indirect sandwich ELISA. The results were 5 and 3
positive from Sharkia and Fayoum respectively, while 12 samples were positive by RTPCR.
In conclusion, this study demonstrates that real-time RT-PCR currently used at the
World Reference Laboratory (WRL) for FMD provides an extremely sensitive and rapid
additional procedure for improved laboratory diagnosis of FMDV. Moreover, Real time
PCR is an important feature when definitive diagnostic results are required in a short
timescale during emergencies. Current study on serum samples and epithelial tissues
demonstrate the circulation of the FMDV type A and O in Sharkia and Fayoum
Governorates.
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January 2014
Vol. 11, Iss. 1, Pages 1-190
