Research Article

Study on the Evaluation of Some Economic Traits of Rakhshani and Harnai Sheep Breeds of Baluchistan, Pakistan

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Raza Ali Mangi3, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptan4, Sana Noor5, Zainab Lanjar6, Hubdar Ali Kolachi7 Abdul Wahid Solangi1 and Sheva Dari1

1Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan; 2Deputy Director Poultry Production, Tando Allahyar, Livestock and Fisheries Department, Government of Sindh, Sindh, Pakistan; 3Department of Veterinary Anatomy & Histology, SBBUVAS, Sakrand, Pakistan; 4Department of Meat Technology, SBBUVAS, Sakrand, Pakistan; 5Department of Veterinary Parasitology, SBBUVAS, Sakrand, Pakistan; 6Department of Veterinary Microbiology, SBBUVAS, Sakrand; 7Department of Animal Reproduction, SBBUVAS, Sakrand, Pakistan.

Received | March 31, 2023; Accepted | May 18, 2023; Published | May 29, 2023

*Correspondence | Rameez Raja Kaleri, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan; Email: [email protected]

Citation | Kaleri, R.R., H.A. Kaleri, R.A. Mangi, D.K. Bhuptani, S. Noor, Z. Lanjar, H.A. Kolachi, A.W. Solangi and S. Dari. 2023. Study on the evaluation of some economic traits of Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breeds of Baluchistan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 36(2): 124-129.

DOI | https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2023/36.2.124.129

Keywords | Rakshani, Harnai, Economic traits, Reproductive

Copyright: 2023 by the authors. Licensee ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Introduction

The livestock sector is fundamental assess and major source of rural livelihood in Baluchistan province with 70% of population through the share of 16,436,976 sheep and 16, 880, 371 goats (GOP, 2021). Sheep and goats are important small farm animals that play a significant role in rural economies and animal production across various marginal and sub-marginal land holdings. In Baluchistan, all native breeds have fat tails and are well-suited to harsh environmental conditions, primarily being raised through migratory farming systems. Kaleri et al. (2022) reported this. The study by Kaleri et al. (2018) emphasized that the breeding of sheep is crucial for sustaining people worldwide, as it provides essential products such as milk, meat, and wool. The provincial government of Baluchistan controlling the sheep production in flock farming system in various government and private farms on large and small scale Mainly all the registered sheep breed of Baluchistan raised with inbreeding method on these farms with intensive and semi-intensive management system (Becker, 1984). Rakshani and Harnai breeds are fat tailed mostly raised for meat and wool purpose in their respective areas including Loralai, Qila Saifullah, Ziarat, Pashin, Quetta and its adjoining areas. These breeds have ability to adopt wide range of harsh environment during the scarcity of food (Bugti et al., 2016). Breeding of sheep animal in term of reproduction, growth, wool and produced better selection method for genetically improved traits have been recorded for various breeds in the world. However, the information regarding climatic condition and factor mainly influencing on the live body weight at various growth period sheep is highly essential to perform effective selection program for breed and quantitative trait improvement (Fantahun et al., 2016). Keeping in the view advantage of availability data record of some productive and reproductive traits of Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breeds, this study was aimed to compare some economic traits of both breeds of Baluchistan, Pakistan.

Materials and Methods

Data

This study aimed to evaluate certain economic traits of Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breeds that are reared in Langhove and Pirkani sheep farms located in Dera Murad Jamali, Baluchistan. Data pertaining to economic traits of 1,300 lambs (640 Rakhshani and 531 Harnai) descended from 480 ewes and 36 rams were collected and recorded for duration of three years from 2018 to 2020.

Breeding and management

The flock was raised under range management system with inbreeding method were applied. Animal were allowed to breed from 15 September to 15 November once a year. The data was recorded from identified animal with individuals’ identity by ear tags sire, dam, birth date, lambing date, sex, date of service and type of birth.

Performance traits

The data regarding economic traits including lamb’s (birth weight), (weaning weight), (6 month weight), (9 month weight), and (12 month weight) were recorded in this study.

Reproductive traits

Reproductive traits including service period, age at 1st lambing, twining %, lambing interval, fertility rate and lambing % was collected for study.

Vaccination

Proper vaccination and deworming were routinely performed with proper scheduled.

Statistical analysis

The collected data was subjected to analysis through standard procedure of variance and significant difference was determined by the formula as suggested by (Becker, 1984).

Results and Discussion

The findings for least standard mean and standard error for body weight varied with birth weight, weaning weight, lamb’s (birth weight), (weaning weight), (6 months weight), (9 months weight), and (12 months weight) for Rakhshani and Harnai breed are listed in Table 1. The variation among body weight varied with birth weight, weaning weight, lamb’s (birth weight), (weaning weight), (6 months weight), (9 months weight), and (12 months weight) due to birth year, birth type, sex, breed observed significantly differed (P<0.05). However, the results for influence of birth type at 9 months weight were observed non-significant (P>0.05). The statistical analysis for reproductive traits is displayed in Table 1.

 

Table 1: The least mean standard error values for some reproductive parameters in days.

Breed	Age at 1st service	Age at 1st lambing	Service period	Lambing interval	Twining (%)	Lambing (%)	Fertility rate
Rakhshani	543± 2.75(324)	693± 2.21(314)	197± 1.93(284)	347± 3.73(294)	2±. 02(294)	73± 1.93(304)	61± 2.46(290)
Harnai	513± 1.19(280)	623± 1.43(268)	178± 3.17(284)	319± 3.71(284)	1± 0.2(284)	57± 2.31(284)	51± 2.81(284)

 

The findings showed that effect of breed found non- significantly difference non-significantly differed (P > 0.05) among all reproductive traits. However, the significantly differed (P < 0.05) was recorded for birth type.

 

Birth weight

The findings of our study showed significant difference in present study for year of birth, birth type, sex and birth weight of lambs with findings of various researchers Babar et al. (2004); Rafiq et al. (2009) and Akhtar et al. (2001), reported about the data of Kajli and Lohi lambs that birth weight was observed higher of single born lamb as compared with twins with (18%) and (3%) for male and female respectively. It has also been reported that male single born lambs with male were observed have heavier birth weight as compared with twin and female born lambs ranged from 3.9 to 2.78 for male and female lambs.

Esenbuga et al. (2002a), Mokhtari and Rashidi (2010) and Tariq et al. (2010) conducted a study to analyze the influence of the environment on some growth traits of Red Karman Lambs and Awassi breeds. They reported that birth type, birth year, and sex significantly influenced birth weight. Another investigation performed by Babar et al. (2004) on Lohi sheep breeds suggested that the weight of birth was significantly influenced by the birth year and birth type of the newborn lamb. It is also reported that dam age is a key factor that affects the birth weight of the lamb, as young lambs produced lower weight ewes compared to old age ewes. Kaleri et al. (2022) and Hussain (2006) suggested that birth season has a higher influence on birth weight because Thali and Harnai lambs born during the spring season have a heavier birth weight than the lambs born in the summer and autumn season. They also reported that lambs born single had a higher birth weight than those born as twins and triplets. The variation in birth weight might be due to the method of data analysis, type of breed, climatic conditions, production system, and agro-ecological areas where sheep were maintained. The high range difference among birth weight indicates that mass selection should be practiced to get maximum birth weight, which can improve growth and production rates and decrease lamb mortality rates.

 

 

Weaning weight

The findings of present investigation showed that weaning weight significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by year of birth, type of birth and sex. The results of our investigation are similar with result of Kaleri et al. (2023), Mokhtari and Rashidi (2010), Esenbuga et al. (2002a) and Babar et al. (2004), they analyzed that performance record of Kachhi, Lohi and Awassi and its crosses. Their findings depicted that weaning weight observed significantly difference for birth year, sex and birth type because male lamb born were observe 14 percent heavier in birth weight as compared with female born lambs. In another investigation conducted by Hussain (2006); Kaleri et al. (2018); Akhtar et al. (2001), who revealed that effect of environment on growth, production and reproduction of Hissardale breed in Pakistan with the help of MMLS and maximum likelihood computer software. Author suggested that weaning weight was recorded significantly affected birth season, year and sex, these mention variations are in the support of our study. Difference among findings may be due to breed difference, birth type, sex and year of birth, environmental conditions with production system in which lambs were raised.

Weight at 6 months

Result of present investigation was in the support of the results of Hussain (2006); Rafiq et al. (2009), Akhtar (1996) and Babar et al. (2004) for 6 months weight. Who suggested that effect of year of birth, sex and birth year has significant effect on age of 6 months. These findings were in agreement of present result. Studied conducted by Hussain (2006); Rafiq et al. (2009) on Hissardale sheep, they reported birth type and birth season had non-significant effect on age of 6 month as mentioned in our study. They reported that lambs were born during spring season have heavier birth weight as compared those were born during autumn and summer season had produced more weight at the age of six month 23.45. 24.37 and 22.01, respectively. Similar statement given that single born lambs were heavier as compared those twins and triplet born. All these findings were supported by findings of present study. Rafiq et al. (2009), conducted study to analyze the data record of Turkish lamb. Their findings showed birth type, year of birth, season of birth including sex showed significant effect on age of 6 months.

 

Weight of 9 months

The findings of our study at the age of 9 month were partially supported by the result of Rafiq et al. (2009), analyze the record of 9080 lamb of Hissardale sheep breed for 29 years of period. Their result depicted that sex birth type, sex of lamb has non-significant influence on the 9 months weight of Hissardale breed. They reported that effect of birth season and birth year were observed significantly (P<0.05) higher on the age of 9 months weight as were recorded in present investigation. Researcher suggested that those lambs were born during the autumn season had little bit lower body weight during the age of 9 month 26.72 as compared with spring born lambs 25.91 kilo grams. They also depicted that lambs born single and male had higher than twins and triplet born female 28 to 24 kilo gram respectively, as were recorded in our study. The result for weight at the age of 9 month were analyzed same as suggested by Akhtar et al. (2001), who assess record of Hissardale lamb, suggested that effect of year of season and year of birth had highly significant effect on live body weight during the 9 months weight. They had reported the lamb were born during the spring season their body weight during 9 month of age was recorded slightly heavier as compared those were born during autumn and summer. Similar type of statement has been given by researcher that male lambs and single born were also heavier than female and twins and triplets. Above all mentioned statements are in agreement with our study that similar results were observed.

 

Weight at the age of 12 month

The result for 12 months of age were in agreement with the studies conducted by various authors Akhtar et al. (2001); Cloete et al. (1988a), Abegaz et al. (2012), Talebi and Edriss (1988a), Mokhtari and Rashidi (2010), Rafiq et al. (2009), revealed that sex and birth type had significant effect on 12 months of age. Abegaz et al. (2012), analyzed the data of indigenous Ethiopian Horro sheep and suggested that there are different factors affecting on the growth and survival ability of animal. Author depicted that birth type and sex had also significant effect on the body weight during 12 months. Kaleri et al. (2018), work out on the data of Dhone Merino sheep and reported that male lambs were heavier at the age of 12 month as compared with female lambs as were observed in present study. Another study was conducted by Hussain (2006), on 7061 lambs of Thalli sheep. They suggested that variation was observed in the body weight during the age of 12 month that might be due to type of birth, birth year and sex weaning weight co variable. They suggested that interaction among birth season, sex and birth type was observed significant with sex. However, the interaction among season has non-significant influence live body weight during the age of 12 month. Results of present investigation are in agreement with all mentioned studies. Result of Eyduran et al. (2009), Matika et al. (2003), Mokhtar and Rashidi (2010) and Dixit et al. (2001), reported the live body weight at the age of 12 months had significant effect of different factors including birth type, birth season and sex. They reported that weight at the age of 12 months highly influenced by sex, birth type and environmental conditions animals were raised. They depicted interaction between birth season significantly influence yearling weight of lambs. Above all mentioned statements were similar to findings of our study.

 

Reproductive traits

In this study natural breeding inbreeding method were applied in flock. The values of our study were recorded low to moderate, it is essential to practice better management and breeding strategies for getting better reproductive and productive performance in future. The result of our study was supported by number of researchers including Esenbuga et al. (2002a), Kaleri et al. (2023), Babar et al. (2004) and Mokhtari and Rashidi (2010).

Conclusions and Recommendations

It is concluded that productive and reproductive traits of Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breed significantly affected by environmental factors. It was observed that Rakhshani sheep had better productive and reproductive performance as compared with Harnai that could be improve through better selection and breeding strategies.

Novelty Statement

Small ruminants contribute to the animal production and rural economy in arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan. It is highly important to evaluate the economic traits of sheep to support the small scale farmers and economy of Pakistan.

Author’s Contribution

HA Kaleri, RR Kaleri and GM Solangi: Conceived and designed the experiment.

RR Kaler: Performed experiment and wrote the manuscript.

RA Mangi, DK Bhuptani and AW Solangi: Collected the data.

S Noor, Z Lanjar, S Dhari and HA Kolachi: Analyzed the data.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

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