Study of Bird Diversity in Ghamot National Park Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Study of Bird Diversity in Ghamot National Park Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
Muhammad Jahangeer*1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Muhammad Altaf2*, Riaz Aziz Minhas1 and Usman Ali3
ABSTRACT
Bird species diversity and distribution research is important for conservation efforts in various protected areas. However, the richness and distribution of birds in Ghamot National Park are unknown. Based on land cover attributes, the research region was divided into five habitat categories. During 2020-21, a point transect count was used softly up to 30-50 m radius with a random sample approach. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the data. This research discovered a total of 38 families totaling 127 species. Muscicapidae was numerically the dominant family (n=18; 14.17%) Highest number of individuals (n=938; 24.26%) was recorded from Agricultural crop zone (along the surgan stream; elevation ranges between 2750-3050m) Minimum number of individuals was recorded in alpine pasture, alpine meadows and wetland (n=113; 2.92%) at an elevation ranges between 3950-4400m. 47 (37%) species were recorded summer migrant, 59 (46.45%) were residential of study area, 3 (2.36%) species were recorded irregular year round migrant and 18 (14.17%) species were winter migrant. It was recorded that maximum number of species (n=90; 70.86%) breed (+) in study area however least number (n=37; 29.13%) does not breed (-) in study area. Maximum (n=117) birds species of study area were listed into least concern (LC) status, however the status of two species Tragopan melanocephalus and Ficedula subrubra is vulnerable (VU) and three species Gypaetus barbatus, Gyps himalayensis, Circus macrourus of family Accipitridae are listed as near threatened (NT). Highest biodiversity of birds (H’=4.5) was recorded in riparian forest habitat. Lowest diversity (H’=2.9) was recorded in high alpine pasture. The distribution of species across habitat types did not differ substantially (p>0.05, df =5, f=46.21) between the four habitat types (ACZ, SLZ, RZ, FZ). However, there was a significant difference (p0.5) between riparian, scrub land, forest habitat, and alpine meadows, wet land at high elevation. The highest distribution was found in riparian woodland environment (7.380.51), while the lowest was found in high alpine meadows (0.890.21).
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