The co- infection of cucurbits with criniviruses and ipomoviruses: possible adverse effect on virus diagnosis and breeding for resistance
The co- infection of cucurbits with criniviruses and ipomoviruses: possible adverse effect on virus diagnosis and breeding for resistance
Aly M. Abdel-Salam
ABSTRACT
Backgrouns: Recently whitefly-transmitted viruses (WTV) have emerged as a major economic threat to the cucurbit industry in the Middle East and countries in the Mediterranean basin. Whitefly-transmitted viruses to cucurbits include viruses in the Begomovirus, Crinivirus, and Ipomovirus genera. Induced symptoms are mostly of the yellow-type disease symptoms. Previous observation indicated that co-infection of cucurbits with these viruses was very common and may lead to severe problems in virus diagnosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to characterize biologically, serologically, and molecularly one Crinivirus viz. Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and one Ipomovirus viz. Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) from infected cucurbits. Further, the study is concerned with illustrating the adverse effect of mixed infection with these viruses on diagnosis and breeding for virus resistance in cucurbits. Methods: CYSDV was isolated through Bemisia tabaci insects; whereas, CVYV was isolated through mechanical inoculation. The two viruses were purified using the electro elution technique devised by the author of the present study. Rabbit immunization was used for induction of antisera for CYSDV and CVYV. RT-PCR was used to amplify coat protein genes for the two viruses using specific primers. DAS-ELISA and immuno-blotting were used for evaluating the induced antisera. Results: Antisera for CYSDV and CVYV were produced efficiently and used for virus diagnosis through DAS-ELISA, DBIA, and TBIA. RT-PCR confirmed the nature of the two viruses. However mixed infection was noticed for CVYV and CVYV upon using duplex RT-PCR. Conclusion: Mixed infection with WTV is common and complicates diagnosis and breeding for resistance. Antisera for diagnosis of WTV should be homogenous and should be produced through recombinant protein system for successful evaluation of resistance.
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