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 Aqila Shaheen

...etrimental types of land degradation that deteriorates both soil quality and land productivity. Determination of soil characteristics and nutrient status of eroded lands is pre-requisite for restoring their productivity. The objective of present study was to quantify the selected soil properties and nutrient status of eroded soils.  The study was undertaken on eight soil series (Missa, Pirsabak, Guliana, Rajar, Balkassar, Rawalpindi, Chakwal and Satwal) i...
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
...s loss and environmental degradation.
...

Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...o the pastoral resources degradation and subsequent landless pastoralist’s marginalization in uplands of Naran. Extensive field surveys carried out during last three years (2013-2016) to understand crops encroachment process and its implications for pastoral resources. Land use-classes such as forest, agriculture, pastures and snow cover were recorded by means of Global Positioning System (GPS) and further processed to develop maps by using Geographic In...

Wazha Mugabe1,2, Lawrence Akanyang1, Mackenzie Nsinamwa1, Batanani Moatswi1, Naledi Matthews1, Kealeboga Dipheko1, Imtiaz Ahmed Ujjan3 and Assar Ali Shah2*

...fy;">The extent to which degradation or changes in fodder tree species composition caused by grazing pressure is critical since fodder trees form the base diet for browser such as goat as well as maintenance purposes for cattle in the dry season. Thus understanding the dynamics on rangeland response to grazing could prove worthy in finding an equilibrium point for optimizing animal productivity, with limited range degradation

Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly

New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...hich could undergo photo-degradation, microbial degradation as well as chemical degradation leaving very less amount of residues in the environment. Conventional pesticide formulations like WP, EC etc are endangering human health and polluting environment. Newly developed modern formulations like water emulsifiable gel, floating granules, drift less dust, macro and micro encapsulated suspe...
Shahid Mehmood1,*, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Hassan Raza1, Rida Ahmad1, Azhar Muhammad3, Zulfiqar Ali2, Farhan Abid1, Fehmeeda Bibi4 and Syed Maviz Ahmed5
...lation pressure, habitat degradation and lack of awareness are the main threats that ultimately will cause reduction in species numbers around the study area. Therefore, there is an urgent need to save and protect bird diversity by maintaining the suitable habitat of the area.
...

 Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*

IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...onmental pollution, soil degradation, global warming, climatic change and food deterioration. Conservation agriculture offers a sustainable solution for all these problems most often. This review focuses the use of fertilizers in conservation agriculture and their impact on weed management. Weeds are major constraint in the productivity of agro-ecosystems. Fertilizer use can influence weed emergence, weed persistence, weed dormancy, weed dynamics, weed growth ...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...s less toxicity and easy degradation in soil.In this study,fresh water fish Hypophthalmicthyes molitrix were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of deltamethrine. Fish were divided into 4 groups and each group contains six fish. Experimental groups viz. A, B and C were exposed to 25, 50 and 75% of LC50, respectively for four days. Blood samples for biochemical analysis (blood glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and gills for histo...
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
...ion from FM and promoted degradation of typeIcollagen and type III collagen from FM.
...

Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5 

...ure the agriculture land degradation process in northern irrigated plains of Pakistan by studying the perceptions of the farmers about the different dimensions of agriculture LD with the construction of LD index. For achieving this primary data was collected by proportionate random sampling techniques form 90 sampled farmers through face to face interview survey method by filling a questionnaire. Farmer’s perceptions on agriculture LD were measured throu...

Farah Deeba, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Iqbal Qazi*

Chitinase production in organisms: a review
...siological functions and degradation of chitinous waste. Interest in chitin wastes utilization is increasing day by day because of its natural resistance against degradation. The review focused on different sources of naturally chitinase production in organisms was discussed.

...

 Maleeha Manzoor1,2*, Ruijuan Ma2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabssum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1

Microalgal-bacterial consortium: a cost-effective approach of wastewater treatment in Pakistan
...her contaminants. The biodegradation approach of involving consortium might
attain self-sustaining level and may prove technically cheaper and advance technology. It will finally help in dealing
the dual mission of producing valuable metabolites and pollutants/nutrients removal from wastes/wastewaters.
Agricultural wastes/residues generated abundantly in energy deficient countries like Pakistan, having enormous
energy potential, are...

Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3* 

...e cause of environmental degradation and at the same are impacted by it. More than 80% of the farmers in Pakistan are resource-poor or practice subsistence farming which degrades the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for climate smart extension education for these farmers. The main purpose for this study was to examine environmental degradation/climate change associated problems faced/ perceived by resource-poo...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2

Saeed Ullah1, Muhammad Israr1*, Shakeel Ahmad2, Nafees Ahmad3 and Asif Yaseen

...ment practices and water degradation. The effects of LD were difficulty in farming, drought, desertification, increased the necessity for fertilizers, loss in livestock production, migration, poverty and economic backwardness. High land degradation was perceived by the farmers and having positive association with the socio-economic influences. There is a need for awareness about the different land management and conservation...

 Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3

...nt cultivars with higher degradation of phytate in both red and white sorghum. Apparent metabolizable energy was significantly enhanced both in red and white sorghum by 5.9 and 4.5%, respectively. From these findings, it can be deduced that phytase is effective in improving the utilization of nutrients of sorghum by broilers at day-21 and also reduces the losses of nutrients into the litter.

...

Ayub Khan* and Ghaffar Ali 

... Areas of Pakistan, land degradation caused by soil erosion is a severe problem affecting the livelihood of local people. Agriculture and tourism, the main sources of livelihood of the inhabitants in the area, have been severely hit by this problem. Human activities, such as deforestation, overgrazing and extensive agriculture have made soil resource more vulnerable to rain and flood water. Programs at government and society level are required to control soil ...

Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4 

...xt-align: justify;">Soil degradation due to structural instability and low contents of organic matters are serious challenges for land and crop production in the upland of Balochistan. It is important to explore an alternative farming system which improves soil properties, environment friendly and provide sufficient crop yield. Conservation tillage system is successfully practiced worldwide as a resource conserving techniques. Therefore, an experiment was cond...
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
...yzed by sequential Edman degradation using a protein/peptide sequencer. The antibacterial activity of the protein monomer in antlerplate was studied by disc diffusion method, and the antibacterial ring diameter of each antibacterial agent was measured to determine its antibacterial ability. The molecular mass and purity of this polypeptide was 18.970kDa and 90%. Amino acid sequence analyses indicated that the N-terminal amino-acid sequence of this monomeric pe...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...es and lead to cartilage degradation in RA patients.
...
Muhammad Faheem Akbar1,*, Muhammad Abdul Haq2, Imtiaz Ahmad1, Vasileva Viliana3 and Amjad Sultan1
... find out the biological degradation of conventional and bio pesticides sprayed on cauliflower crop. Bio pesticides are environment-friendly products and highly biodegradable with low persistency and residual effects. Imidacloprid, endosulfan and profenofos were selected as convectional, while spinosad and biosal (neem compound) as bio pesticides, and were sprayed at the rates of 49.4, 642.2, 988, 35.5 and 158 g a.i. ha-1 respectively. The pesticide...
Waqas Ahmad Shams1*, Gauhar Rehman1, Khurshaid Khan1, Ibrar Ahmad1, Saima Bibi1, Saif Ul Islam2, Dawood Safi1, Saba Gul Ayaz1
... to prevent biodiversity degradation and loss in this area.  
 
Saeed Fatima1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1, Usman Atique2,3*, Arshad Javid4, Noor Khan2, Sonia Iqbal2, Hamid Majeed5, Hamda Azmat2, Bakhat Yawar Ali Khan6, Irfan7, Muhammad Tausif Shahid1, Gulnaz Afzal1
...ed gradual water quality degradation conceiving higher metal concentrations in the environment. Similarly, a higher concentration of Cd was observed in water (0.78 ppm) and sediment (0.64 ppm) samples. In acquiescence to the above-given outcomes, the metal concentration hierarchical arrangement in sediment and water was identical to the witnessed in fish species (Cd > As > Hg). In conclusion, this study established that selected metals level in HP water ...

Ghani Akbar 

... induced hazards of land degradation and water scarcity due to frequent floods and droughts, decline in traditional springfed Kuhl (gravity channel) irrigation system, low productivity of crops and horticulture, less productive livestock, large postharvest losses and lack of value addition facilities are the main hurdles in utilizing the full potential of agriculture for achieving improved food security and better livelihood in this region. Lack of government ...

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

... productivity loss, soil degradation, water scarcity, resource depletion etc. Climate change awareness empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate change adaptations are also far better than those employed by farmers in the devel...

Zulnorain Sajid1*, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Noreen Akhtar1

Foraging Behavior and Pollination Ecology of Bumble Bee and Honey Bee in Pakistan; A Review
...(habitat loss, landscape degradation, overuse of agrochemical, exotic species and pathogens) involved in the declining of pollinators, a big loss for the economy of Pakistan. The aim of this review paper was to check the importance of honey bee and bumblebee as chief pollinator of agriculture crops. This review indicates how declining factors are alarming for the bumblebee and honeybee.

...
Yihong Tian, Yongmei Qi*, Sajid Naeem, Ke Gao and Yingmei Zhang*
...e LC3 conversion and p62 degradation at different concentrations and durations. However, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA rescued the survival of Hela cells. This study demonstrated that the potential effect of spermidine on decreasing the survival of Hela cells is attributable to autophagy induction.
...
Minghao Gong1*, Shiliang Pang2, Zhongyan Gao2, Wanyu Wen1, Ling Zhang3, Gang Liu1, Huixin Li1, Fawen Qian4 and Wenfeng Wang2
...ontribute to RCC habitat degradation.
...
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
... threats include habitat degradation, fuel wood cutting, human encroachment, grazing, stone quarries and cement factory.
...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are considered as key components in global carbon cycle. The aim of this study was to screen marine snow associated bacterium, Citrobacter freundii B1 for the production of QS-signals particularly acyl-homoserine-lactones (AHLs) and their influence on the production of extracellular...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1*, Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Naeem Awan2 and David C. Lee3
...rrent impacts of habitat degradation. The presence of sociable lapwing is an indication of habitat suitability and highlights the need for further surveys in the region to locate other possible wintering grounds for this critically endangered species. 
...

Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*

...own or inconclusive. The degradation by aging bloodstains or UVC exposure, is differently affected the prediction accuracy depending on the informativeness of the SNPs. This study showed that the prediction of the eye color is highly accurate for the blue and brown eye colored individuals. However, the IrisPlex prediction accuracy could be influenced by the old and degraded samples.
...
Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Usman Ali2, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Bushra Nisar Khan1, Waqar Ahmed1, Zakir Hussain1, Mian Amman Ullah1Nimra Afzal1 and Anjum Ara2
...orakhi locality. Habitat degradation by clearing forests for fuel wood, grazing, agricultural purposes, use of insecticides and retaliatory killing are major threats to the survival of mongoose in the study area. These factors could be controlled through awareness campaigns and better law enforcement in order to conserve this specie. 
...

Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Imran Kalim1, Mohammad Khalid Saeed1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Sania Mazhar1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Rabia Shad2

...able acidic pH and color degradation was observed with gradual increase in pH at 45°C. Microbiological analysis of candies and beet powder at 4°C and 25°C ensure that they are safe for consumption at both storage temperatures. 

...

Samra Aftab1, Saleem Ullah1 and Farida Anjum2*

...e microbes for cellulose degradation showed higher degradation for Trichoderma sp. (6 % and 8 %) followed by Penicillium sp. (4 % and 4.5 %) in both of the samples (saw dust and sugarcane bagasse) respectively. Similarly the combined effect of acids, bases and microbes showed higher result of NaOH, Trichoderma sp. (29.5 % and 41 %) in both samples (saw dust and sugarcane bagasse). The optimization of incubation time and temp...
Hesham M. Abd El Halim1, Maysa M. Hegazy1,2, Aishah Alatawi3, Imtiaz Ali Khan4 and Munawar Saleem Ahmad5*
...ess of chitin formation, degradation and cell proliferation.
...
Allam A. Megahed, Badawi A. Othman, Samar S. El Masry, Abeer A. Faiesal and Mohamed A. Nasr Eldin
...t degrees of chloroplast degradation in PVM-infected
potato leaf tissues.
Conclusion: Occurrence of PVM was detected and confirmed in commercial potato seed tubers in
Egypt using the RT-PCR technique.
...
Jia Li and Hong Yang*
...ont-size: small;">The biodegradation of benz [α] anthracene (BaA), a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was increased via a combination of alkyl polyglucosides and alkaline treatment during the waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. During the experimental study, the biodegradation efficiency of BaA was enhanced from 12.2% in the control to 25.6% at pH 10 and 46.7% at pH 10 and a...

Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...nting leading to habitat degradation, so there is a dire need to protect avifauna diversity for the proper functioning and stability of an ecosystem.

...

Sadarman1, Agung Irawan2, Muhammad Ridla3, Anuraga Jayanegara3*, Nahrowi3, Roni Ridwan4, Ahmad Sofyan5, Hendra Herdian5, I Nyoman Guna Darma5, Teguh Wahyono6, Dewi Febrina1, Rakhmad Perkasa Harahap7, Rizki Amalia Nurfitriani8, Danung Nur Adli9 

...acia and chestnut on the degradation kinetics of ensiled and non-ensiled soy sauce residue (SSR) in sacco. Two fistulated beef cattle (425±25 kg) fed a diet consisting of 80% Pennisetum purpureum and 20% concentrate was used to incubate the SSR samples (ensiled and non-ensiled) using a 6×11 cm standard nylon bag. Each SSR sample was added with 2% CT and HT, respectively. Soy sauce residue without tannins served as control, giving a total of six ex...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...cinal use (13%). Habitat degradation (32%) due to pollution, poisonous chemicals and cruel fishing techniques are serious issues for their survival while anthropogenic activities (10%) are responsible due to destruction of habitat. Limited awareness was observed among local inhabitants regarding importance, ecological role and legal status of freshwater turtles. Awareness and strict law enforcement is recommended to reduce illegal turtle trade and conserve the...

Soliman Mohammed Soliman1*, Mohsen Mahmoud Shoukry2, Ahmed Mohammed El-Okazy1, Ahmed Mahmoud El-Morsy1, Mahmoud Mohammed Soliman1

...n made to reduce protein degradation. This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different supplementation levels of pomegranate peel (PP) on the in situ degradation of soybean meal (SBM) by using three ruminally cannulated. In order to determine the optimal levels of PP to reduce the degradation of SBM, for evaluated their effects on in vitro methane production, in vivo...

Khuzeema Tanveer1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Ahrar Khan2

...ve studied the microbial degradation of four textile azo (C.I reactive black 5, yellow 145, and red 195) and phthalocyanine dyes (C.I reactive blue 21). Thirty-five bacteria and one yeast isolated from textile industry wastewater were tested for their tolerance to and degradation of the four dyes. Most of the bacteria showed maximum dye tolerance at 1000 ppm. Dye degradation monitored by m...

Zhaojun Wang1, Yang Zhou2 and Xinghua Song3*

... activation and protease degradation, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and promote the recovery of prognostic joint function.

...

Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*

...align: justify;">Wetland degradation has resulted in waterbirds choosing more habitats to forage and facing increased intensity of anthropogenic disturbance. Usually feeding in a large flock could provide safety by the vigilance partners through coordinated and synchronous vigilance modes. In this paper, we aimed to shed light on behavioral strategies adaptive to anthropogenic disturbances. Vigilance behavior of wintering Grus monacha was observed to assess th...

Jie Zhang, Na Li, Tingting Guo, Dandan Hu, Xiaofeng XU and Lili Zhang*

...iated with hemicellulose degradation, and Desulfovibrio, which is associated with lactic acid oxidation, was significantly higher in the grazing than in the house-raised group (P < 0.01). The abundance of the acid-producing Enterobacter, Vibrio, and Selenomonas in the house-raised group was significantly higher than that in the grazing group (P < 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella_7 and Succinivibrionaceae-UCG-001 in the house-raised group was 272.07 and...

Razaq Adekunle Animashahun1*, Gbenga Emmanuel Onibi2, Samuel Olanrewaju Aro2, Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor3, Funmilayo Abimbola Okeniyi1, Olayinka Olubunmi Alabi1, Michael Babatunde Falana1, Ayoola John Shoyombo1, Samuel Oyewale Olawoye1 

...cement and anti-nutrient degradation. Conclusively, this study showed that solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus niger (ATCC 16404) strain can effectively enhance the nutritive value of cassava stumps which can help increase the feed resources for non-ruminant animals.

Keywords | Anti-nutrients, Aspergillus niger, Cassava by-products, Cassava stumps, Nutrients, Solid-state fermentation 

...

Hossam Mahrous Ebeid1, Ahmed Abdelkader Aboamer1*, Amgad Ahmed Abu Elella2, Ibrahim Mohamed Khattab3, Osama Hefny Matloup1, Fatma Ibrahim Hadhoud1  

...: (1) assess the ruminal degradation features of machine-dehulled moringa seed cake (DMSC); and (2) examine the effect of supplementing lactating Damascus goats’ diets with DMSC on milk production. Three cannulated rams (50.60± 3.05 kg, body weight) were used to assess the ruminal degradability of DM, NDF, and ADF for DMSC using in sacco technique. Fifteen lactating Damascus goats (averaging 45.4± 0.5 kg, body weight and averaging milk yiel...

Rani Winardi Wulan Sari1, Novirman Jamarun2*, Suyitman3, Khasrad4, Elihasridas2, James Hellyward5, Gusri Yanti1 

...atments. The nutritional degradation, fiber degradation, VFA and NH3 in the P3 higher than other treatments (p<0.05). P3 had digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose, and hemicellulose of 62.82%;65.69%;66.17%;50.67%; 57.22%; 55.84%; 63.27%. VFA and NH3 is 156.20%;9.84%. The methane gas production in P3 was lowest 20.57 ml/gr DM. This r...

Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1

D. A. Darban†, S. R. Gowen and B. Pembroke

...nt time intervals on the degradation of M. javanica
females cadavers filled with of P. penetrans endospores, release and dispersal in the soil. Three time intervals, of
one week, two weeks and three weeks were allowed to observe the degradation of infected female cadavers and the
dispersal of released endospores. The hypothesis of this experiment was that, the spores of P. penetrans contai...

D.A. Darban†, S.R. Gowen, B. Pembroke, F. Hussain1 and R.A. Memon2

...rried out to compare the degradation of P. penetrans infected females cadavers in different time intervals over two
crop cycles. There were highly significant decreases in the total number of egg-masses per plant between the 3
weeks and other treatments. Infected females (%) over both crop cycles were compared by the estimated coefficients
of the fitted lines and increased significantly with degradat...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...ces. Pesticides, habitat degradation, genetic diversity loss, inclusion of genetically modified crops, and parasites are among the main threats to these pollinators. As a result of their decrease, there has been a significant loss of ecological activities, negatively influencing the global economy. This work covers the management of foraging activities, factors influencing this behavior, foraging preference, subspecies variations, monitoring approaches, and th...

Usman Ali1,2*, Basharat Ahmad1, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Muhammad Kabir3, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Liaqat Ali Khan1 and Muhammad Bashir Khan1

...tudy sites where habitat degradation is considerable. Habitat management practices including preventing illegal extraction of medicinal herbs and lumbering, lessen overgrazing pressure and support reforestation are required to be applied in these areas. These conservation measures will turn unsuitable habitats into suitable ones and also provide connecting corridors for black bear of Neelum particularly to the extended habitats of Gilgit Baltistan and Mansehra...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...ate extreme events, soil degradation, economic instability, lack of sound agricultural policy, unstable political situation, herders-farmers crisis, and other pressing challenges. Most notably, bio-security threats, and other unobserved events ravaging the agri-food system, and causing significant loss of farm output, disruption of food supply chain, as well as loss of returns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio...

Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain*, Roni Pazla, Simel Sowmen, Qurrata Aini 

...0 ppm mineral zinc. The degradation of various components such as dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, and hemicelluloses in the ammoniated aromatic lemongrass waste samples was evaluated by incubating them on in-vitro media at 39ºC/48 h. The analysis of variance following a 5 x 4 randomized block design was used. The results revealed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the digestibility ...

Moazzam Baig*, Sohaib Ahmed and Arz Muhammad Umrani

...ni due to overall forest degradation. Because in the study area there is a very low level of literacy, most people are not aware that deforestation that contributes to a number of issues, including soil erosion and flooding, which in turn trigger other natural phenomena and specifically the destruction of natural resources. According to findings of this research, poverty is a widespread issue. The statistics show that the population has very low income along w...

Aniqa Nasir1, Rashid Masih1, Shazma Massey1*, Laiba Arshad2, Sabi Ur Rehman2, Irva Waqar1 and Anwar Khalid3

...and mechanism of thermal degradation. The prepared dressings were subjected to thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the degradation of wound dressing occurs at 225ËšC - 400ËšC. Thus, the dressing was found to be stable up to wide ranges of temperature. Kinetics of thermal degradation was also studied by model-free isoconversional analysis. Activation energy, pre-exponen...

Anas M. S. Al-Haj Afandi*, Ahmed H. F. AL-Bayati 

...s of a sheet and partial degradation of implants in the site of implantation as well as, thinning of white fibrous connective tissue over the sheet. depending on the clinical and macroscopical outcomes, it can be concluded that bovine tunica vaginalis sheets were better than caprine acellular dermal matrixes for repairing of large ventro-lateral abdominal wall hernia in bucks. 

...

Faisal Alzahani1* and Mohammed Abu El-Magd2*

...limited due to its rapid degradation into caffeic acid. To get rid of this disadvantage and increase the anticancer effect of CAPE, CAPE-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) were used. The anti-tumor effects of CAPE and chitosan CNPs on cancer cells have been separately studied but the precise epigenetic molecular mechanisms for the combined therapy are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the epigenetic mechanism of CAPE and/or CNPs on human HepG2 c...

ZARYAB KHALID SIAL & FARAH KHAN

...ext-align: justify;">The degradation of RNA is main hindrance for dealing with fine quality RNA for its downstream processing. Mostly RNAs are degraded as tissues are taken from fields, therefore the protocol for PSTVd RNA isolation was optimized and improved for obtaining Pure and high quality RNA having an increased and nondegradable life from infected plants of Potatoes. The present study was aimed to confirm the presence and identification of potato spindl...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
... biodiversity, stop land degradation, and reduce poverty, especially in developing nations, but the reasons why farmers don't use it are not well understood. A variety of biotic and abiotic variables are contributing to the global decline in the size and health of forest ecosystems. Pakistan needs efficient food systems that enhance outputs, strengthen the economy, improve the environment, and retain societal acceptance. Thus, there is an urgent need to develo...
Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Ayaz Khan
... ha in 2013, however the degradation is more towards the edges, where local communities living around the park is probably cutting the forests. However, this degradation at edges, creating open areas which are preferred habitat of chinkara, has probably played a key role in escape of the chinkara from the park and establishing its population outside of the park, in the nearby open area.

Key words: Manglot, Nizampur, Ch...

Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Anwar Panezai and Ashif Sajjad
... Sherani District is the degradation of forest resources, due to underprivileged condition of the people. The socioeconomic factors are the key indicators for the degradation of natural resources i.e. forest resource. The literacy rate of Sherani District is very low (more than 80%) and the local inhabitants of the area are unaware of the facts that deforestation is causing many problems like soil erosion, flooding and also ...
Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Hakim Shah
...farm income, reduce land degradation, improve agro-biodiversity and enhance carbon stocks in the farming systems. This can be achieved by strengthening research and extension services in the agroforestry sector, providing incentives to farmers to grow trees on their farmlands and developing their capacities to produce quality planting stock at local level and manage farm plantations....
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...ind of deterioration and degradation under improper use. The ever increasing human and livestock population has been exerting strong pressures on these natural resources in a watershed to fulfill the requirements of water, land, food, fiber, fuel, timber and other resulting in the disappearance of forests, expansion of desertification, soil erosion and flooding of rivers, thus threatening the life on the planet earth.

The importance of soil conservation/...

Rahim Muhammad Akmal Syed1, Hasnain Shahida2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad3 and Jabeen Farkhanda4
...ronmental and ecological degradation process. Based on physiographic, climate and ecology, Pakistan is divided into nine major ecological or vegetative zones, which are further sub-divided into 18 habitat types, an arrangement for the development of Protected Areas System in terms of representative ecotypes. During the survey of farm plantations, about 400 soil samples were collected and their physical and chemical analysis was conducted for the comparison of ...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal, Asif Raza Wazir and Ch. Muhammad Muslim
...d deforestation and soil degradation. Recommendation for the improvement of vegetation in the area was made of soil, unemployment and poor lively hood. The respective Forest Department may manage the area with community participation to conserve the forest and enhance biodiversity. ...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Iftekhar Ahmed
... factors responsible for degradation of mangrove forests. Among the eight villages in the total of two sub-divisions, fifty households were selected randomly; 6-7 from each village. The results indicated that average household size was seven persons per household having 68% of them one earning member and 70% were directly employed in fishery sector. 80% respondents had their own livestock and agriculture land. Avuaennia marina is mostly fed to the anima...
Ghayyas Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Mahr Muhammad Asif
...easing problem of forest degradation and species loss. This study is aimed at the assessment and comparison of plant diversity of a Reserve forest with a Guzara forest in the Chir pine zone of Murree hill, so as to see which forest is richer and more diverse in plant diversity.

Systematic sampling design was used to record the plant species found in the Reserved and Guzara forests. Sample plots of sizes 500 m2 and 102 m were laid out to collect the d...

Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
... have led to the drastic degradation of the resources. Though forest legislation limits the rights of local people in the forests but still majority (72%) of them have access to forest resources in the area. They fulfill all their requirements from these forests but contribute nothing to the protection and development of the forest resources. The existing forest legislation and forest management have totally failed to achieve their objectives. It is feared tha...
Muhammad Aftab Majeed
...eflected slow in situ biodegradation of the contaminants

Key words Leachate, Tar, DNAPL, Contaminant, MGP, Retention time.

...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
...of soil erosion and land degradation mainly due to high rate of deforestation, inadequate soil conservation measures, poor agriculture terracing, intensive agricultural activities, over-grazing, complex land tenure, and prevailing poverty in the mountain regions. As a result of water erosion top soil is being washed away into rivers, streams and water reservoirs, which are the main source of irrigation water and hydropower. The consequences of
Klaus Euler and Zulfiqar Ali Qazi
... to reverse the trend of degradation. In order to reduce pressure on forests as a source of income, improved livestock health could be one way to do so. Based on a recent survey, the local people loose a staggering amount of 42 million rupees each year because of the livestock casualties caused by various diseases. In 2003, about 10% of the livestock was vaccinated. This came to a net saving of about 4.2 million rupees. While comparing it to the net income of ...
Syed Zainul Arifeen
... due to alarming rate of degradation of the mountainous watersheds and sedimentation in the reservoirs, their capacity for water storage and electricity generation is decreasing rapidly. Keeping in view this critical situation, the Government has initiated schemes to control degradation of watersheds through afforestation and other technical soil conservation measures. The paper also reviews the research work and experimenta...
Ghayyas Ahmad
...forest fragmentation and degradation, which is eroding the original biodiversity. The main objective of this study was to identify priority remnant forest patches for biodiversity conservation planning. Extensive use was made of remote sensing and GIS techniques to achieve the objective. Forest vegetation was selected as a subset of total biodiversity.

Major forest mosaics of the area were identified from satellite image and then visited on the ground to...

Anwar Ali, Muhmmad Ayaz, Saz Muhammad
...is 47% indicating forest degradation in the area. Canopy cover in Reserved Forests is higher than Guzara Forests indicating that Guzara Forests are more degraded than Reserved Forests. Basal area of trees in Reserved forests is also significantly higher than Guzara forests. A poor regeneration condition was recorded in the forest area of Kaghan. There were 332 plants per ha in the forest area. Reserved forests have significantly higher number of regeneration t...
A. G. Wilkinson
...ed. To prevent long term degradation by soil erosion, there is a need to develop economic poplar silvipastoral systems on at least one million hectares of New Zealand pastoral lands. New Zealand research effort is refocusing on obtaining the necessary information to ensure that this is a viable option for farmers....
K. M. Siddiqui
... still, most of the soil degradation, including salinity and waterlogging have occurred in these regions due to removal of natural vegetation of dry tropical thorn forests and disturbance of natural ecosystem and drainage in the first instance which was subsequently extended by faulty irrigation practices for production of food and fiber to meet the needs of increasing population. In the latter case, the seepage of irrigation water from unlined water courses h...
J. A. Khan
...to assess the degree of degradation caused to wood during open air storage at Changa Manga forest plantation. Four different species viz ; Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) , Mulberry (Morus alba) , poplar (Populous spp.) and Semal (Salmalilia malabarica) where tested for loss of strength in relation to storage time. The results indicated that both popular and semal were severely decayed even after a storage period of few months wh...
S. I. Zafar, Ulfat Naheed, N. Abdullah and M. Yasin
...basidiomycetes in the biodegradation of lignocellulosic materials is now well established (Janshekar and Fiechter, 1983; Kirk, 1984). Accordingly, numerous studies have been carried out on the comparative ligninolytic activities of a number of such basidiomycetes when grown on a variety of substrates under different cultural conditions (Golovlev et al., 1983; Levonen-Munoz et al., 1983; Zadrazil and Brunnert, 1980). Bio
Yar Mohammad Khan
...lation status, extent of degradation of land resources and development strategy in Pakistan and N.W.F. Province in particular....
Laskar M. Rehman and M. I. Sheikh
...ilization, and causes of degradation. Suggestions have also been made to improve the situation....
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Sarzamin Khan1, Hazrat Hussain4, Adila Bashir2 and Nida Naz1
...struction sector and the degradation of environmental quality with special reference to Pakistan. For this purpose, literature from various journals was studied to collect the data. The results of the study revealed the increasing population in Pakistan, with an annual demand of 2.4% for accommodation and housing. While the country’s construction industry accounts for 2.53% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The construction sector is reported to employ 7....

Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Muhammad Imran Babar3 and Irfan Shahzad Sheikh3

...se digestion and rate of degradation was increased in response to P and NP fertilization. However, the lag time of DM, CP, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose of oat fodder was the inverse because it decreased in repose to medium level of P and NP fertilization as compared to control.

...
Shawky M Aboelhadid1*, Abdel-Azeem S Abdel-Baki2, Khaled M Hassan3
Samar M Ibrahium4, Saleh Al-Quraishy5, Ahmed O Hassan6 and Asmaa A Kamel1
...w harmfulness, and rapid degradation in the environment. Following this approach, herein we tried to improve the insecticidal activities of Pelargonium graveolens (G) through using the geranium oil in nano-emulsion (GN) form and in combination with sesame seed oil (SO). Different concentrations ranged from 0.313 to 10% were prepared from GN and the combination of G with S and tested for their larvicidal and pupicidal activities against Musca domestica and Cule...

Abdulaziz S. Alatawi*

...etion and native habitat degradation. Further research is required to better understand how agricultural areas can be used to promote conservation actions for wild animals and improve their ecological status.

...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

...lling soil erosion, land degradation, and desertification. Pakistan is predominantly a dry country, where 51.5% of the area is arid and 36.9% is semi-arid. The two-thirds of the livelihood of Pakistan is growing rapidly over a population of 184 million people, who directly depend on goods and services provided by dryland natural resources, especially natural forests. In the dry zone areas, the natural forests have completely disappeared and degraded. The fores...

Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1

...f food but also leads to degradation of valuable components, including bioactive compounds, with significant implications for various industries and applications. Common and unconventional manufacturing processes for FV waste utilization are discussed, emphasizing the importance of adopting new technologies to achieve high recovery rates of substances that are bioactive. These extracted compounds hold potential applications in food, medicine, cosmetics, chemis...

Abdel Fattah A. Khalaf1, Karam T. Hussein1, Shehta A. Ali2, Doaa K. Barakat2*, Mohamed I. Gad1

... insecticides with quick degradation are safer than persistent synthetic chemical insecticides, less detrimental to the environment, reduce production costs, and are unlikely to induce pesticide resistance in pests. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of the fixed oils derived from the seeds of the Croton tiglum and Simmondsia chinensis and the two ethanolic extract (Urtica dioica and Hyoscyamus muticus) on the lifespan, total protein, f...

Khalil1*, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Montesqrit2, Andri3

...al activity and nutrient degradation during storage due to insufficient drying and sterilization. Calcined bivalve shell had antimicrobial effects and was potentially used as a preservative ingredient to improve fishmeal’s shelf life and nutritional value. The present research aimed to study the beneficial effect of calcined mussel meal (CMM) as a preservative agent to improve fishmeal’s storage stability and nutritional values. CMSM was mixed with...

Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4

... pH, NH3, organic matter degradation (OMD) and microbial yield (MBO) were measured at the end of the incubation period. The gas data were fitted using an exponential model. Results revealed that the steam decreased (P<0.05) CP, CF, NDF, and ADF and increased (P<0.05) NFE but did not affect the hemicellulose content of OPF. The urea level in ammoniated steamed OPF resulted in a quadratic decrease in the NDF and ADF contents of OPF, while hemicellulose inc...

Rand K. Abbas1, Zahraa S. Hadi1*, Zainab A. Hussein2, Sajad K. Matooq3

...d mucosal gland loss and degradation.
 
Keywords | Helminthes, Cestodes, Nematodes, Chicken, Pathological, Blood parameters
...
Che Ku Nur Ain Mardhiah Che Ku Azman and Norlia Muhamad*
... investigate the thermal degradation kinetics of the dried immature Melon Manis Terengganu (MMT) using a hot air dryer at four different temperatures (40, 50, 60, and 70 °C). Drying kinetics is very helpful as it can design and optimize thermal processes to maximize the quality of dried products. The immature MMT was immersed in 0.2% sodium metabisulfite before drying. The sample was weighed in 60 min intervals until it reached the equilibrium conditi...

Awang Hazmi Awang-Junaidi1, Yeoh Boon Nie2, Siew Te Wong2, Nur Nabila Sarkawi3, Wafeq Mu’izzadin Khairul Anuar1, Siti Mariam Zainal Ariffin1* 

...mation, subchondral bone degradation, and joint remodelling. In conclusion, the findings provide valuable insights into the joint health of Bornean sun bear and highlight the importance of proactive measures to mitigate factors contributing to joint degeneration, such as optimizing husbandry practices and providing appropriate environmental enrichment. 

...

Heni Suryani1, Sri Novianti2*, Fatati2, Jul Andayani2, Saitul Fakhri2, Muhammad Ambar Islahudin3

...ant diet, using nutrient degradation and fermentation in the rumen as indicators. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications was employed, involving binahong extract levels: control, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% based on dry matter (DM). One gram of feed substrate, supplemented with binahong extract, was incubated in buffered rumen fluid at 390C for 48 hours in a 120 ml serum bottle. Gas production was measured at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, ...

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

November

Vol. 12, Iss. 11, pp. 2062-2300

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