Souvik Ghosh, Nobumichi Kobayashi
British Journal of Virology
...he remaining 9 RVA gene segments are also susceptible to the forces governing RVA genetic diversity. Whole genomic analysis of RVAs has revolutionized the study of RVA genomics, providing a plethora of conclusive and vital data on the overall genetic diversity, true origin and complex evolutionary patterns of human RVA strains. In this review, we have summarized and discussed the significance of recent research outcomes obtained from whole genomic analysis of ...
Mohammad Fayaz, Abbas Ullah Jan, Dawood Jan
...kets in terms of market segmentation and quality improvements in Pakistan....
Jonas Johansson Wensman1*a, Karl-Johan Leuchowius2,3 a, Jiting Yan1, Anna-Lena Berg4, Liv Bode5, Hanns Ludwig5, Sandor Belak6, Ulf Landegren2, Ola Soderberg2, Mikael Berg6
...nserved neurotropic non-segmented negative strand RNA-virus variants causing neurological and behavioral disorders in a wide range of mammalian animals, possibly including humans. Viral persistence in the brain has been frequently observed, however, the exact mechanisms behind BDV’s ability to establish persistence despite a prominent immune response are not known. Here we have used in situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA), a selective tool for stu...
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...nd posterior intestinal segments were also treated with different staining methods of alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin (AF), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), KOH/PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5) and investigated. Goblet cells of anterior intestine were colored strongly by AB (pH 2.5), AF and PAS; and moderately by PAS/AB (pH 2.5) (AB dominant). In the mid part of the gastrointestinal tract, goblet cells were also stained strongly with AB, PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5)...
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
...nd posterior intestinal segments were also treated with different staining methods of alcian blue (AB) at pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin (AF), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), KOH/PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5) and investigated. Goblet cells of anterior intestine were colored strongly by AB (pH 2.5), AF and PAS; and moderately by PAS/AB (pH 2.5) (AB dominant). In the mid part of the gastrointestinal tract, goblet cells were also stained strongly with AB, PAS and PAS/AB (pH 2.5)...
Teresa Napiórkowska* and Julita Templin
...developed head with two segmented pedipalps and one chelicera with two fangs. The larva was obtained as a result of a teratological experiment based on the application of temperatures of 14 and 32°C changed every 12 h for the first ten days of spider embryogenesis.
... 
Phong Huy Pham*
...o stings in its abdomen segments are used by D. esuriens. The first sting aims at the sixth segment and the second at the seventh segment. The total time of catching the prey is about four minutes. A green worm, one of mainly insect pests on sesban, is one of the preferred prey of D. esuriens. ...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
...in all small intestinal segments compared to control group. Level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was increased significantly (p < 0.05) by the dietary treatments under study individually and in combination. It is concluded that supplementation of MOS and OAB in combination is beneficial compared to their individual effects in broiler chicks.
... 
Sumaira Zareen1, Syeda Sadaf Zahra2, Ayeza Mehmood3, Muhammad Asadullah4* and Aish Muhammad5
...sert in Pakistan. Nodal segments from healthy grown plants were used as explants and cultured on standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of benzyl amino purine (BAP) or kinetin for shoot induction and Indole acetic acid (IAA) for primary shoot and Indole Butyric acid (IBA) for root proliferation. Best shoot proliferation (4.48 per explant) was observed in MS medium containing 0.2/0.4 mg/L BAP/IAA com...
Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****
ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ly practiced by a large segment of the population. This medicine system originated in Greece and was brought to the subcontinent by Muslim scholars. However, the unani medicine currently practiced in Pakistan is vastly different from its Greek roots The study was conducted to assess the economics of medicinal crops in the low intensity cropping zone of Punjab. Therefore 80 respondents were taken from Karror Laal Eson and Layyah tehsil of Layyah in Punjab. Perc...
Saima Rani*, Hassnain Shah*, Umar Farooq** and Bushra Rehman**
SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND POLICY ENVIRONMENT FOR PULSES IN PAKISTAN
...t would affect the poor segment of population in fulfilling the protein demand. Hence there is need to increase production through improving management practices and dissemination of improved technologies....
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...hours to the non-profit segment. This contribution value is equal to a wage of 15 billion AUD$ (5).
...
Zhu-Mei Ren1,*, Xu Su2, Carol D von Dohlen3 and Jun Wen4,1,*
... proportion of antennal segments, the structure of antennal secondary sensilla, and the flower-like shape of the galls that are formed on its primary host. Its primary host plant is Rhus hypoleuca, whereas other Nurudea species are on R. chinensis.
...
Zhaochao Deng1, Jingchen Chen1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
... China Sea and a 503 bp segment of mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced. 17 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 7 haplotypes in the South China Sea population. Contrary to heterogeneous expectation, AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed that the genetic differences in this region were all non-significant. The pattern of population demography showed a stable model in this species in the South China Sea population. To reveal its p...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...olivaceus, a 495 bp segment of mitochondrial DNA control region was sequenced. We collected a total of 65 individuals from three archipelagos (Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha) in the South China Sea and 107 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 39 haplotypes. Based on the NJ tree, two distinct lineages were detected, with strong frequency differences in the geographical distribution. Both lineages were found in Xisha and Zhongsha archipelagos, but only one l...
Jing Hu1,2, Yan Liu2,3, Gang Yu1,2, Changping Yang2,3, Binbin Shan2,3, Shengnan Liu2,4 and Dianrong Sun2,3,*
...eletal ossification and Segmental bone formation occurred on 11DPH (SL3.6-4.0mm, NL2.6-2.8mm) and finished on 21DPH (SL9.6-11.6mm, NL7.4-8.6mm); Neural arch developed earlier than haemal arch, while haemal spine earlier than neural spine, consistent with the ossification; The development and ossification of neural arch and neural spine occurred in the backward order, while haemal arch and haemal spine from central tail to bothsides, Whatʼs more, all ossificat...
Shahid Sherzada1,2,4,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan4, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Idrees3, Abdul Wajid2, Muhammad Nauman Sharif3, Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal3, Iram Amin3 and Muhammad Shahid3
...ed from blood and short segment COI gene (680bp) was amplified by PCR. The sequences were evaluated by using bioinformatics tools. The average K2P conspecific, congenric and confamilial genetic distances were 0.22%, 6.71% and 12.33%, respectively. Findings of the present study revealed that DNA barcoding using COI gene is an efficient molecular technique for the exact identification of typical fish species.
...
Kalpana Polisetty1* and Kiran Kumar Paidipati2
...999/year) in the second segmentation period. At present, the production of wheat is highly improved in Madhya Pradesh compared to other states from 2008. However, the production of wheat has been decreased in Uttar Pradesh compared to previous years but it holds the leading position in wheat production still in the country. ...
Atta Ur Rehman, Laiq Hassan, Nasir Ahmad, Kashif Ahmad, Shakirullah
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE AND HAMMING DISTANCE USED FOR IRIS RECOGNITION
...r are employed for iris segmentation, while for iris normalization and feature extraction, the Rubber Sheet
Model and one-dimensional (1-D) Log-Gabor Filter are used respectively. Finally for classification/matching of iris
patterns, Hamming Distance and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are applied. The evaluation results on CASIA V.1
dataset show that Hamming distance algorithm is more suitable for the classification (with aver...
Fcroz Shah*~ Mohammad A. Irfan**, Rizwan Gul*~ Abdul Shakoor*
ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION FOR NUMERICAL DETECTION OF HOT SPOTS IN CASTING GEOMETRY
... normal;">triangular segments, which define the boundaries ofrectangular sections. MATLAB functions defined for rectangular sections decide the relative rectangular section for an arbitrary point. During implementation in MAT- LAB, 360 vectors are g...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Shamsher Ali3*, Adnan Nasim1, Muhammad Ismail1, Nur Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Usman4
Effect of Planting Sources, Cane Portions and Setts Placement Methods on Sugarcane Yield Attributing Traits
...of standing crop) stalk segments i.e. upper, middle, lower and 33 % (having upper + middle + lower cane portions in uniform proportion of 33) each mixed portions of cane were allotted to the main plots, whereas sub plots were given to methods of setts placement (single, one and half, double and three setts (sugarcane stem portion with three buds) each 40 cm. Fertilizer was applied as N: 150 P2O5: 100 K2O: 100 at sowing and earthing up from Urea, DAP and SOP so...
Fei Wang1, Xianlai Zhang1, Youbao Zhong2, Xiaoen Tang3, Xiaofen Hu1,
ShanShan Yang1, Shengwei Zhong1, Zuohong Zhou1, Jin Liu1, Xu Yuan1
and Yong Li1*
Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho1 and Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan2,3,4*
Production of Antibody for Direct Fluorescence Antibody Assay against Avian Influenza H9N2
...nse RNA genome of eight segments. This fact makes the virus to easily re-assort, which might yield a new virus strain, and causes an outbreak in unimmunized humans or chickens. In reducing losses due to H9N2 infection, rapid diagnosis is an option to prevent further infections. Office International des Epizooties (OIE) suggested some methods for the detection of H9N2 infection including the immunofluorescence method that is commonly known as the direct fluores...
MA Liman1, QI Yongxiao1, Wang Wenji2* and Zhong Qianyi3*
...-Rh2 in inhibiting intersegmental vessel formation from 30 to 84.85 μM in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR revealed that G-Rh2 suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) mRNA expression but not mRNA expression of its receptors (flt1, kdr). Western blot further confirmed that G-Rh2 treatment resulted in reduced Vegf protein expression. Our study suggested that G-Rh2 may exert anti-angiogenic activit...
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
...the three hypervariable segments (HVS1, HVS2, HVS3). The PCR products were subjected to cycle sequencing and further evaluated through computational analysis. A total of 75 different haplotypes were identified in Shin people; among them, 72 were unique and 3 were shared by more than one individual. This study revealed the predominance of West Eurasian lineages in the Shin population (59.49%), followed by South Asian lineages (25.32%) and then East and Southeas...
Muhammad Luqman1*, Roshan Hussain1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Ijaz Asghar2 and Usman Saleem1
Comparative Analysis of Dietary Intake Patterns of Rural and Urban Communities of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
...s the most impoverished segments of society as compared to other parts of Punjab province. This transverse study was conducted in purposively selected three districts of Southern Punjab. Exactly sample size of 600 respondents (300 rural respondents and 300 urban respondents) was randomly selected through equal distribution technique and interviewed by using structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and the ...
Rabia Riaz1, Khushi Muhammad1*, Masood Rabbani1, Muhammad Amjad Iqbal2, Aamir Riaz Khan2, Sadia Sarfaraz1, Mudassar Naseer3 and Khalid Majeed1
...n important and vibrant segment of agriculture in Pakistan with a significant contribution to the national GDP (1.3%). Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes avian mycoplasmosis and is only controlled through mass vaccination. Antibody response of birds to inactivated MG vaccine is poor. On 7th day of age (broilers: n=40) each bird of group A, B, C and D (n=8) was vaccinated (subcutaneous: 0.3ml) with G-MG, O-MG, G-MG+NDV (New castle Disease Virus) and O-...
Ammara Gull-e-Fareen1,2, Imran Bodlah1,*, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Habib Ali4 and Muhammad Asif5
... basal part of antennal segment 3 slightly darker than remaining segments, scutellum and mesopleura mostly dark reddish with some darker areas, legs also reddish brown except tarsal segments lighter in colouration. Suspected trophic associations with Ischiodon scutellaris (F.) via Aphis nerii onCalotropis procera (Ait.) Ait and Tinocallis kahawaluokalani
Junyan Bai*, Zhihao Dong, Youbing Yang, Ziheng Li, Xiaoning Lu and Huirong Gong
...ity traits at different segmented parts of small-tailed Han sheep was conducted. The results showed that drip losses of back and tendon were obviously lower than those at other parts (P<0.05). Cooking loss of tendon was significantly lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). The shearing force of hind leg was obviously lower than that at other parts (P<0.05). The flesh color of waist was significantly lower than that at other parts...
Shahinshah Khan1*, Aijaz Ali Khooharo1, Zaheeruddin Mirani1 and Velo Suthar2
...e major concerns. Small segment of the farmers were satisfied with quality of seed and the same were recorded as 43.9% wheat, 30% cotton, 56.1% rice, 22.8% onion, and 21.7% tomato growers. Based upon research findings, recommendations were developed for public and private sector for quality supply of seed to the farmers of Balochistan.
...
Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2*
...e organism is primarily segmented into three forms acknowledged as (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), which resembles to be liable for the infection’s statewide spread. For transmission, the fecal-oral pathway is deemed the most obvious route than other permissible routes. Moreover, spreading through contact interactions, environmental pollutants, and the host reservoir, like a stray dog, could be feasible. Distressingly, such a pathogen is currently endemic ...
Muhammad Shahzad1*, Syed Amer Mahmood2, Athar Ashraf3, Amer Masood2 and Saira Batool4
...nvestigation region and segments parallel to the Sassi Raikot Fault (SRF), Sassi-Jaglot-Bunji (SJB) sector of Nanga Parbat Syntaxis as active tectonic zones. The areas which include, Shawar, Haramosh, Kachura, Astak Nala, Gilgit, Skardu, Astore, Sai Nala Jaglot, Gunar and Gorikot are highly vulnerable to active tectonic deformation. This research concludes that the TSR and DD techniques are potential markers for the demarcation of active vulnerable zones that ...
Akram I. Aboelkhair1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahin1 and Hussein A. Hussein2
...G-PCR)
gene segment of these isolates.
Results: 93 samples were positive for LSDV by using conventional PCR direct from nodular lesion, 4
positive samples were inoculated on CAM showed characteristic pock lesion, formerly after passaging
of samples on MDBK cell line revealed characteristic cytopathic effect of LSDV, as well as tissue
culture suspension were positive using conventional PCR . For antige...
Nacira Djabali1*, Souad Dougat2, Wahida Haddadi2 and Lamis Fadhli2
Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1
.... Samples of intestinal segments were collected and examined for intestinal morphology at the end of the feeding trial (35 days). Data were analyzed using SAS Computer Package Program (version 9.1, SAS, 2009). Results showed that the addition of multi-strain probiotics and multi-enzymes to diets independently improved body weight, feed conversion ratio, and decreased feed intake as compared to control. Multi-strain probiotics significantly increased duodenum v...
Rehman Shahzad1, Saba Irshad1*, Malik Saddique Mehmood1 and Faisal Amin2
...ce of Punjab, Pakistan. Segment eight gene of the virus was amplified using RT-PCR and sequenced to analyze mutations in this viral segment. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed sequences from 2015 to 2017 form a single evolving clade. Valdar residues conservation scores by multiple sequence alignment showed the C terminal region of NEP protein is conserved while C terminal region of effector domain (ED) of NSI protein exhibit ...
Saima Parveen1, Altaf Mahmood2*, Ayesha Azad3, Sajid Umar4, Nosheen Shoukat6, Mirza Muhammad Arsalan Azam5, Qurat-Ul-Ain5 and Nausheen Akhtar Malik1
...e of the most important segments of livestock due to its significant contribution in white meat production. Infectious disease outbreaks adversely influence the production potential and consequently cause economic losses. Epidemiological data regarding magnitude of these disease outbreaks is of fundamental importance for planning of a comprehensive control strategy. With retrospective design, this study was conducted from January 2013 through December 2017 in ...
Tiara Widyaputri*, Aldryan Cristianto Pratama, Dian Vidiastuti, Yudit Oktanella
...cation of the CD18 gene segment on chromosome 1 exon 2 with a target length of 106bp has been successfully carried out with a success rate of 100%. RFLP analysis of NCOI cutting restriction enzymes shows that there are two bands at 66bp and 40bp. This shows that the normal allele frequency is one and the mutant allele is 0 with a heterozygous genotype frequency of 0% in the population. According to the result, the polymorphism that appears in the CD18 gene by ...
Mostafa El-Sebelgy1*, Hanafy Madbouly2, Sabry Tamam2, Nagwa Ata1, Kawther Zaher1
...ted integration of some segments from equine viruses AHSV and EEV within BTV genome.
Keywords | African Horse Sickness Virus, Equine Encephalosis Virus, shotgun proteomics, Bluetongue Virus, Egypt.
...
Reem M. Ramadan1, Fady Sayed Youssef2, Gehad Genidy Mohamed3, Sameh Hamed Ismail4, M.M. El-Bahy1, Shimaa Abdel-Radi1*
...cent of DNA in the tail segment, and tail moment (μm). Postmortem (PM) inspection of birds inoculated by LC90 exposed sporulated oocysts demonstrated a very slight or un-apparent reddens without thickening in the cecal wall with close relation to the normal un-infected control group. This with in contrast to the group inoculated by LC50 exposed sporulated oocysts. The study concluded that C-Oo.Nc is a promising effective anticoccidial compound for controlli...
Naheed Zahra1*, Saira Batool1, Mubbashira Nazir1, Ghulam Akbar Malik2 and Iffat Batool3
...ng valuable role in all segments of crop and livestock; but unfortunately, the contribution of women in agriculture sector is still underestimated. The purpose of this study was to investigate women’s involvement in farming and livestock in Pothohar, particularly in rain-fed areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The research was carried out at Thatti Gujran, one of Fateh Jhang’s villages during 2018-19. The purpose of this research was to see how many female ...
Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2
...ed and divided into two segments; one was used directly to detect AI viral genome through RT-PCR while other segment was used for viral inoculation into the embryonated chicken eggs. The direct detection through RT-PCR confirmed H9 gene from cloacal swab samples in 6.9% of the seropositive sample while we could not confirm any of the oro-pharyngeal samples for H9 gene through direct molecular detection. The cultivated oro-ph...
Akbar Hayat1*, Ehsan Ul Haque1, Marayam Nasir2, Rab Nawaz3, Tariq Mahmood4 and Sohaib Afzaal1
...S/acid ratio, number of segments, and number of seeds, maturity period and degree of granularity. This was ever important study in Pakistan for evaluating the citrus exotic material of latest generation. This endeavour led to the sound recommendation of sweet oranges like Rhode Red Valencia and Sun Star in the two years of study. In case of taste imparting characteristics like TSS, acidity and their respective ratio in the Rhode Red Valencia TSS 11.4 %, Acidit...
Istna Mangisah1*, Heni Rizqiati2, Nyoman Suthama1
...ight of digestive tract segment and immune organs of broilers.
Keywords | Broiler growth, Digestive tract, Feed additive, Intestinal bacteria, Lymphoid organ
...
Ilhama G. Kerimova1*, Viktor A.Krivokhatsky2, Merve N. Aydemir3 and Lala N. Mamedova4
...s on the last abdominal segments. The specimen that could not be determined was marked as “Palpares sp. questionable”. The genetic method has finally solved this question; now Palpares sp. questionable (IGK15) is surely assigned to P. turcicus. Myrmecaelurus solaris (Krivokhatsky, 2002) (IGK2) ML. and M. trigrammus (Pallas, 1781) (IGK22) differ from each other in dendrogram by more than 10%. The NJ tree shows that the genus Myrmecaelurus (Costa, 18...
Mohamed M. Bahr1, Mohamed S. Amer1*, Khaled Abo-EL-Sooud2, Shaimaa M. Kamel3, Marwa A. Fouly4, Ahmed N. Abdallah5, Ashraf A. Shamaa1, Omar S. El-Tookhy1
...itive. AS-OCT (Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography) showed well-healed epithelium with intact and homogenous stroma on the 5th day in both treated groups, but control groups showed irregular arrangements of epithelial plaques and presented some abnormalities as stromal fibrosis and sub-epithelial cyst formation. Histopathology in both treated groups showed the development of a complete layer of epithelium within 1week which increased in rows at 2nd a...
Barbosa Carla1*, Gregori Fabio2, Thomazelli Luciano1, Oliveira Amanda1, Araújo Jansen1, Ometto Tatiana1, Marcatti Roberta3, Nardi Marcelo3, Paludo Danielle4, Utecht Nathalia1 and Edison Durigon1
... sites, along Brazilian Segment of the Atlantic Flyway. Therefore, 738 avian samples from different regions of Brazil were subjected to a RT-Nested-PCR protocol, with primers targeting RdRp region. Positive samples were confirmed using Sanger followed by Ion Torrent S5 sequencing platforms and results were submitted to phylogenetic analysis. From total of 8 confirmed samples, 3 clustered to Deltacoronavirus genus and 5 to Gammacoronavirus. Two of those samples...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
... identification of IBDV segment reassortants having segment A of A3 (very virulent) and segment B of B3 (early Australian-like) genogroups reported in Pakistan backyard poultry. Further study is required to determine the pathogenicity of the IBDV reassortant and development of new policies for IBDV intervention in the country....
Tasleem Akhtar1*, Muhammad Farooq Nasir2, Imran Bodlah2 and Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3
...on pattern of abdominal segments while laboratory reared samples were only dark pigmented in both sexes. The findings of this study can help in defining strategies for the rearing to release this parasitoid in biological control programs against A. pisum in Pakistan....
Yuyu Wang1,2, Mingzhu Li 3,4, Gang Lin4, Xiaohua Guo5, Aihua Sun5, Hao Dong5, Qinghui Ai1,* and Kangsen Mai1,*
.... Trypsin in intestinal segments, specific activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in intestine and purified brush border membrane (BBM) of intestine were significantly higher in fish fed diet S5 than that of fish fed diet S15 (P<0.05). Specific activities of leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) in intestine and purified BBM of intestine was significantly higher in fish fed diet S10 than that of fish fed diet S15 (P<0.05). Fish fed diets S5 and S10 had signific...
Michelle Anne Diano1,2, Loel Dalan1,2, Neil Pep Dave Sumaya3 and Nanette Hope Sumaya1,2*
... of the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rDNA sequence. The D2-D3 rDNA sequence alignment of the four isolates, B2R1 (MT459236), B2R2 (MT459237), B2R3 (MT459238), and B3R1 (MT459239), do not exhibit any nucleotide differences with each other or with previously described populations of C. briggsae from China (MN519141), Germany (EF417140), and the USA (AY604481, JN636061); therefore, they are conspecific. This is the first report of C. briggsae isolated from...
Aamir Shakeel1*, Anwar Ali2, Tahir Iqbal1 and Ziad Raza1
...xamine. OBIA uses image segmentations on the basis of scale, colour, form compactness and smoothness. The research is an effort to apply OBIA and classification techniques to Landsat satellite images to detect the changes in LULC in Kaghan valley with range of observation of 4 years i.e., 2004 to 2008 and 2012....
Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2
...s well as engaging huge segment of population as agro-based labor force. Farming community in developing countries is striving to improve agriculture productivity for food security. To gain higher farm yields, farmers use different fertilizers and pesticides to protect their crops from diseases and insect pest attacks. In this perspective, current study was designed to explore negative consequences of pesticides applications on human health and environment in ...
Mohamedl , Shimaa D.; Ghareeb2, A.; El-Dougdoug , K. A. and Bekheitl , H.K.
...larval body , abdominal segments overlapped in some , prolegs and thoracic legs reduced in size and also the circular shaped spiracles converted to oval shape with rupture and disrupted inside tissue compared to healthy one....
El Sayed l , Yasmein A.; Ghareeb2 , A.; El-Dougdoug3, K. A. and Bekheetl , H. K.
...ction in each abdominal segment size, pro-legs and thoracic legs reduce in size and appear short and stumpy also the oval shape spiracle converted to circular shape with rupture and disrupted inside tissue compared to healthy one. Healthy and infected S.exigua midgut epithelial cells histological structure was checked by using light microscope. It was found that the midgut epithelial cells were the first targets of the virus infection. Columnar cells, go...
El-Sabagh, I.M.; Hussein, H.A.; Amer, H.M.; El-Sanousi, A.A.; Reda,I.M. and M.A. Shalaby
...ength DNA copies of RNA segment 9 (coding for VP7 protein) of NCDV was inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector under the control of the polyhedrin promotor. A recombinant baculovirus carrying the VP7 gene was constucted through homologous recombination between the baculovirus transfer vector carrying the VP7 gene and Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (AcNPV). Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda (SD) cells with Baculovirus recombinants expres...
Nejra Dučić1, Senad Kovačević1, Faruk Tandir1,2, Rizah Avdić2, Ermin Šaljić3, Anel Vejzović2, Nedžad Hadžiomerović2*
... represent an important segment of pain management during dental procedures in veterinary medicine due to their rapid onset of action, affordability and simple execution. Four different dental nerve blocks have been described in cats: infraorbital, maxillary, inferior alveolar (mandibular) and middle mental block. Considering the size of a cat’s head and location of important anatomical structures, iatrogenic trauma can happen very easily while performin...
Phoebe Lyndia Tolentino Llantada1,2*, Midori Umekawa2, Shuichi Karita2
...t was the least diverse segment, there were unique bands that can be further investigated. By using species-specific primers, most fibrolytic bacteria were detected in the foregut and hindgut, whereas most non-fibrolytic bacteria were located in the foregut and midgut. This study provides a preliminary glimpse of the bacterial microbiota profile of dairy buffaloes’ gut in a qualitative and semiquantitative way. Thus, the results of this study can serve a...
Kashif Abdaal, Aneeza Batool, Muhammad Tariq Navid*, Saeed Ahmed, Asma Saleem Qazi, Waseem Safdar, Haidar Ali, Mobeen Ur Rashid, Somia Rafaqat
...containing specific DNA segment(s) of an infectious pathogen(s), nanoparticle-based and plant-based delivery mechanisms have proven as more targeted and adaptable approaches to boost immune responses. Hence, it proves the vaccines as a big breakthrough in preventive and therapeutic medicine over 200 years and named “Future Medicine”. To assess vaccine safety and efficacy, scientists are now using various model animals like mice, ferrets, pigs, and ...
Wasan Ali Hasan1*, Manal Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim2
...t male albino rats were segmented into five distinct groups, each group comprising six rats (n=6). A_group (Negative Control) rats received distilled water only, without any drug; B_group (Positive Control) rats underwent ovalbumin sensitization and challenge of the airways; C_group rats were treated orally with a dose of prednisolone (4.12 mg/kg/d) and subjected to ovalbumin sensitization of the airways; D_group rats received oral famotidine at a dose of 20 m...
Reshma Sahito1, Nasreen Memon1, Aiman Amur1, Seema Memon1
Shabana Mangi2
...um, scutellum, antennal segments, and internal male genitalia and female genitalia. The summer was the peak season for abundance of Carpocoris Pudicus whereas winter was the poor season....
H. Morita , E.C. Martin , N. Kabak
Muhammad Yousaf Khan, Ayaz Khan and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
...tension agents. All the segments of the society expressed their interest in cooperation with the Forest Department for increasing tree cover in the area The objective of the current research is to assess the role of forestry extension agents in promoting social forestry activities in Chitral District. The study analysed the activities carried out for forestry extension in Chitral by various Organizations including Income Generation Project for Afghan Refugees ...
K. M. Sadiq
...f maxilla
and antennal segments are well developed in the
energetic larva while in the inert larva, these organs
on right side are extremely deformed. It was also
observed in this study that feeding behavior of silkworm
depends on the development of maxillary palpus, and on
number of sensilla on the third segments of antennae....
Q. N. Javeed, Rehana Perveen, Imtiazul Haq and Ihsan Elahi
...owth of callus on shoot segments of Juniperus plycarpos was studied. Basal medium used was that of Murashige and Skoog's. The effect of auxins, kinetin, coconut milk and casein hydrolysate was studied on induction and further growth of callus. Auxins were NAA (0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/1). Cytokinin used was BAP (1.0mg/1). Our results indicated that size of the explant, presence or absence of apical bud, controlled conditions of light and temperature...
Abeedullah Jan
...ountry was divided into segments which were held under sway and domination by the colonial powers. The people were addicted to opium, diseases were common, agriculture production was low, floods were too much and too many and famine was almost an annual feature. Natural resources were available but they were being exploited by the feudal lords and colonial masters. The lot of common man was therefore, miserable. Indiscriminate felings and o...
Rabab Abd Alameer Naser1*, Sameer Ahmed Abid Al-Redah2, Enas S. Ahmed3, Fatimah S. Zghair2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy4
...crop (second esophageal segment). In bothostriches” and “turkeys, the first esophageal segment was longer than the thoracic segment. Histologically, the esophagus in both species had four layers. The mucosa was lined by a thick, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of serotonin receptors in this layer. The density of gla...
Ke Sun, Guangwei Fan, Yujie Zhang, Ji Luo, Xiaobing Wu and Tao Pan*
...ptive bimodal threshold segmentation algorithm. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with two methods based on Otsu’s algorithm and iterative algorithm, respectively. The results show that the accuracy of the method based on the adaptive bimodal threshold segmentation algorithm is the highest (absolute error: 0.018±0.016) among these three methods. Please note that the accuracy is higher...
Fangmei Zhang1,2, Xiaocen Zhao1,2, Li Qiao1,2, Shibao Guo1,2, Li Zhang1,2,
Jian Yin1,2, Zhou Zhou1,2, Chuleui Jung3 and Shubao Geng1,2*
...h be divided into three segments, scape, pedical and flagellum that consisted numerous individual flagellomeres, respectively. There were eight kinds and twelve types of sensilla on the antennae, including 4 subtypes of sensilla trichodae, 2 subtypes of sensilla basiconica, sensilla chaetica, Böhm bristles, sensilla squamiformia, sensilla auricillica, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla styloconica. No differences were found about the morphology, abundance...
Manar Mousa Alhussein*, Eman Faisal Albghdady
...ength of epididymis and segments, as well as a non-significant drop in total weight. Histologically, the epididymis tubules showed a significant decrease in diameter; the lumen was empty of sperm; there was an increase in epithelial height; hyperplastic epithelia; and an appearance of cribriform forms with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Also, treated rats in G2 exhibited significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower blood testosterone and higher estradiol levels. Thi...
Wan Nurfarzana Wan Mohamad Zani1, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik1*, Asmah Awal2, Nurul Izzati Osman3, Lyena Watty Zuraine Ahmad1 and Mohd Khairi Nordin4
...S media. In vitro nodal segments were initiated on MS media supplemented with 4 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 mg L-1 IBA. Subsequently, after four weeks, a cluster of shoots, varying in numbers (3, 4, and 5 shoots per propagule), were cultured in the same media for shoot multiplication. Propagules with three shoots exhibited the highest multiplication rate, showing a 4.9-fold increased and an average of 14.8 ± 3.5 shoots after a 5-week culture period. Following th...
Noorulhuda A. Mahdi, Nadia H.R. AL-Falahi*
...justify;">The defect in segmental bone was commonly required a surgical intervention for restoration bone function. Fifteen healthy adult rabbits with 9-12 months old and weighted 1.5-1.7 Kg. were divided equally into three groups (n=5), in all animals the segmental defects of 5mm were induced in the midshaft of the radius, the first group was induced segmental defect and untreated (contro...
Eslam Arafa1,2, Hanan M.F. Abdien1*, Mohamed Ali Zain El-Abideen3, Emad Diab2,4, Mahmoud Assad2,5, Mohamed Tarek3, Mohsen M.Z. El-Dimerdash1, Wael K. Elfeil1
... gene “partial S1 segment” from two samples indicated that they belong to variant ARV cluster 5, distinct from the vaccine strain, that showed only 41-47% amino acid similarity. The virus was isolated in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECE) via the yolk sac and chorioallantoic membrane routes, resulting in embryonic mortality and hemorrhage with congested internal organs. Survivors exhibited liver necrosis. Hepatitis, myocardit...
Khalid Nabieh1, Wael K. Elfeil2*, Ahmed Ali1, Ali Zanaty3, Magdy F. Elkady1
...icular focus on the VP1(segment B) and VP2 (Segment A) gene sequences. Samples of bursal tissue were obtained from poultry farms located in the governorates of Dakahlia, Kafr Elsheikh, Menoufia, and Qalyubia in Egypt. Following extraction of total RNA from these samples, the partial segments of IBDV VP1 and VP2 were amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ...
Arbab Waseem Abbas1*, Waseem Ullah Khan1, Huda Nauman1, Khalid Saeed2 and Syed Mujtaba Abbas Zaidi3
...nts a novel approach to segmenting typed Pashto text images into individual characters, addressing a critical challenge in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for this language. Pashto, a right-to-left, highly cursive language similar to Arabic and Urdu, poses unique segmentation difficulties due to the variable shapes and forms of its characters depending on their position in a word. The segme
