Idowu Fagbamila1*, Adaobi Okeke2, Micheal Dashen2, Patricia Lar2, Sati Ngulukun1, Benshak Audu1, David Ehizibolo1, Paul Ankeli1, Pam Luka1, Maryam Muhammad1
...y at these markets which hampers the ability of handlers to maintain good sanitary and hygiene conditions of the carcass, environment and themselves. Data collected could be valuable for instituting effective intervention strategies for Salmonella control in Nigeria with the aim of reducing Salmonella spread from poultry to humans....
S.K. Sahoo
Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
...eds Research Station, Berhampore, West Bengal (India). The natural appearances of the aphid on the yellow sarson variety, Binoy (B-9) was observed from 52nd standard week, with the peak population on 6th standard week and the aphid disappeared after 10th standard week. Among the different chemical insecticides evaluated for their bio-efficacy against L. erysimi, Dimethoate 30EC and Oxydemeton-methyl 25EC were proved to be more effective. The plots treated with...
Muhammad Bilal*, Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Muhammad Aslam*, Muhammad Ijaz****, Adnan Shakeel***, Mushtaq Ahmad*** and Kashif Bashir*****
RESPONSE OF DIFFERENT COTTON ( L.) GENOTYPES AT VARIOUS SALINITY LEVELS
...on. High salinity levels hamper the boll formation in cotton genotypes as it reduces the yield. To verify this fact, study was carried out under natural conditions as pots experiment in soil at water testing laboratory, D.G. Khan during 2012-13. Six cotton genotypes (FH – 945, FH – 901, NIAB – 111, NIAB – 999, B – 630 and B – 622) were collected from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Ayub Agricultural ...
Aitezaz Ahsan1*, Muhammad Usman1, Ihsan Ullah2, Aamer Bin Zahur3 and Adnan Rasheed Malik4
...disease whose occurrence hampers the trade and consequently causes an enormous economic losses. It is a disease of sheep and goat, particularly in the regions of Africa, Middle East and Asia. Besides clinical signs and symptoms of PPR various diagnostic assays, both serological and molecular, have been developed and are applied for estimating the current status of the disease. This review article focuses on the development of different molecular diagnostic ass...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...ever, their use has been hampered by the fear of vaccine-induced disease. Kolmården Wildlife Park in Sweden has used a live attenuated vaccine without any apparent cases of vaccine-induced disease, but no studies to evaluate immune response after vaccination have been performed. The objective of this study was to gain more knowledge about immune response following vaccination of the African wild dog, in order to improve husbandry in zoos and help wi...
Mudassar Javed1,Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Sufyan1, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Afzal1
...ever, okra production is hampered by the incidence of many insect pests. Particularly, okra shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) and okra fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) cause substantial quantitative and qualitative losses to okra crop. In this study, 18 pesticides including conventional and new-chemistry synthetic insecticides and different botanical extracts were screened against these pests on okra variety ‘Pusa Sawani’
Khalid Khan1, Saima Liaqat2*, Somaiya Rasheed1 and Ihsanullah Kakar3
...rsquo; hospitals lead to hamper livestock efficiency than the potential. Therefore, it is urged that government should make veterinary services available to the farmers at their door steps to improve their income, livelihood and standard of life. Moreover, this can be one of a feasible solution to the problems of poverty, malnourishment and starvation in backward and undeveloped areas like Lasbela.
... 
Kathryn Phillips and Katherine L. Schaefer
...inical ethics—Beauchamp and Childress’ influential principlism in particular—we explore how a Jain who is on the path to eventual bodily liberation via a fast to the death might be treated, and the difficulties inherent in applying an ethics framework that remains neutral about the existence of souls, or the effects of acts on those souls. We conclude that no account of well-being is complete without an account of its fundamental metaphysical...
Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3
...anti-nutritional factors hamper the bioavailability of nutrients and need to be addressed to avoid compromised birds’ performance. The present study assessed the impact of phytase on enhancing the nutrient retention and phosphorus utilization in two different sorghum cultivars fed to broiler. In an open sided house, a total of 160, 14-days-old broilers were allotted to four dietary bioassay treatments and fed mash red and white sorghum grain with or with...
Application of Water Quality and Pollution Tolerance Indexes as Effective Tools for River Management
Joyce Osarogie Odigie*
...lity of the water, which hampers the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates and may be hazardous to the health of the inhabitant that consumes it on a daily basis. The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of WQI and PTI indexes as biomonitoring tools in river management. We studied Obueniyomo River to evaluate human influence on the river and aquatic biota from March 2016- February 2018. Three stations upstream, mid-stream and downstream were...
Ahmad Naeem Shahzad1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi2, Samee Ullah1, Muhammad Latif3, Shakeel Ahmad1 and Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari1*
...dry weight were severely hampered by salt stress. The absence of necrosis in cotton leaves under salt treatments indicated that growth was primarily restricted by the osmotic component of salt stress. Activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase) in plant leaves were increased in response to salt stress. Treatment of stressed plants with trehalose considerably improved the growth attributes and reduced the activities of anti...
Huma Abbas1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Muhammad Kamran3, Muhammad Umar Shahbaz3*, Haseeb Ullah Kamber1, Nazir Javed1, Muhammad Junaid1, Hira Abbas4 and Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq3
Evaluation of Advanced Mung Bean Germplasm against Cercospora Leaf Spot and its In-vitro Management by Different Fungicides
...ate), Copper Hydroxide (Champion), Thiophanate-Methyl (Topsin-M), Pyraclostrobin + Metiram (Cabriotop), and Mifenoconazole (Score) were evaluated at 10, 50, 100, and 200 ppm concentration against C. canescens using poisoned food technique. Score at 100 ppm was found most effective (93.03%) against the disease as compared with other fungicides. From present research, it is devised that 16051 line may be used for future breeding program and Score at 100 ppm may ...
Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi1*, Olubumi Atolani2 and Gabriel Ademola Olatunji3
Toxicity Effect of Eucalyptus globulus on Pratylenchus spp. of Zea mays
... annual yield is largely hampered by nematode infestation, especially the Pratylenchus spp. Experiments were conducted in a screenhouse and under field conditions to evaluate the toxicity of fractions and essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) against Pratylenchus spp. infecting Zea mays. The phytochemical basis of the plant was partly established using Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), proton and carbo...
Zulekha Zameer, Samreen Mohsin, Ammarah Hasnain, Asma Maqbool* and Kauser Abdulla Malik
Influence of Explant Sources on in vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration in Maize (Zea mays L.)
...e embryos as explants is hampered due to its unavailability throughout the year and low regeneration response. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of various explants sources for callogenesis and regeneration in maize (Pioner 3025). The main explants under consideration were: three parts of germinated seedlings, mature embryo and split seeds. Each of these explants was evaluated for its ability to form callus and to regenerate subsequently. Fo...
Wenyou Huang1, Dan Yü1, Song Huang1,2, Jian Xiao2, Ping Qi2, Anhua Song2* and Zhen Huang1*
...ld applications is often hampered by negatively active abiotic factors including high temperature, desiccation and UV irradiation. Selecting isolates with high UV tolerance and virulence is important in improving the efficacy and utility of fungal insect pathogens as insect biological control agents for use under field conditions. UV-irradiation of Metarhizium lepidiotae, coupled to growth selection, second metabolites change and insect bioassays using ...
Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1
...field conditions greatly hampers its large-scale adaption. To address subordinate germination issues, we investigated the effects of five salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 ppm) on polyethylene glycol (PEG) induced drought stress conditions (0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 and -0.8 MPa). Highly significant (p < 0.01) effects of drought, SA and their interactions were observed on seed germination. Interestingly, varying SA concentrations imparte...
Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon
...iseases that
hampers poultry productivity. Oral Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination has been documented as a
method for control of the disease with varied effects in scavenging rural poultry especially in Nigeria.
Aim: This cross sectional study was conducted to establish the impact of V4 thermostable ND
vaccination on rural poultry productivity using corn bran (dusa) as alternative vaccine carrier in five
...
Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Sallam Shahzad2, Farhat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Luqman1, Usman Saleem3 and Shoaib Nasir4
...ddress different hurdles hampering the successful development and execution of the latest rice production strategies. Furthermore, the public sector advisory services providers must develop strategies to make farmers aware of the latest rice production technologies.
... 
Amir Z. Allam, Hayam A. Mansour, Nermeen M.L. Malak, Heba H.S. Abdel-Naeem*
...of EOs in food have been hampered by their pungent odor, which has a negative impact on customer acceptance. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of using low concentration (0.002%) of thyme (T), oregano (O), clove (CL), and their combination (TO, TCL, OCL, and TOCL) on the bacterial quality of chicken meat patties during frozen storage at –18 °C for 12 weeks by enumeration of aerobic plate count (APC), psychrotrophic, Entero...
Limei Yuan1, Kong Yang1* and Dechun Jiang2*
...are still unclear, which hampered the taxonomy and protection of these species. In this study, we investigated the molecular phylogenetic status of R. laoshan and Z. yinggelingensis using mitochondrial DNA (12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA and Cyt b) fragments and nuclear DNA (RAG-1, RHOD, TYR) fragments. Our results revealed that Rhacophorus laoshan is closely related to R. verrucopus, R. orlovi and R. calcaneus, and Zhangixalus yinggelingensis should indeed be pl...
Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz
...omputer technology which hamper the proper execution of extension services in three selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Purposive sampling technique (sample taken on certain judgments about the population or researcher chooses who would be appropriate for the study) was employed to select three districts i.e. Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi from Agro-ecological Zone C of KP. The population of the study comprised of all extension agents of the selected di...
Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga
...e profitability has been hampered by high incidences of diseases and costs associated with their control. This study aimed to assess the biosecurity practices adopted by broiler farmers in the Pwani region, Tanzania. A structured questionnaire was administered to 78 broiler farmers complemented with on-site observations. Data collected were related to the socio-demographic characteristics, the structure of broiler farms, the level of biosecurity in the farms a...
Mehwish Zafar1, Muhammad Shahzad1*, Muhammad Zubair Akram2, Quratulain3, Mehak Shehzad4 and Samreen Nazeer5*
...l concentration of salts hampers growth of plants and its yield of biomass by impacting major physiological mechanisms i.e., ionic, oxidative and osmotic stress. One possible and climate resilient strategy is to introduce new crops that can bear high level salinity and allow irrigation with saline water. Quinoa has great potential to grow under saline conditions having outstanding nutritious value. Pot based complete block design was conducted in COMSATS Unive...
G. A. Bajwa, H. Gul and G. N. Panhwer
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
Pervez Khawaja, I. A. Hafiz and M. I. Chaudhry
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...Subtropical humid zone (Champion et al., 1965) about 40 km northwest of Muzafarabad along the left bank of river Neelum. The altitude is 1200 meters with an average rainfall of about 600 mm. Soil is mainly formed of shale and sandstone with a moderate amount of organic matter suitable for plant growth. Pinus roxburghii forms the major overhead storey with shrubs Myrsine africana, Berberis lycium, Indigofera spp. as understorey. The groun...
Editor
...t and Late Sir Harry G. Champion, C.I.E....
M.A. Quraishi, A. Khalique, Shahida Perveen and Perveen Akhtar
...en spaces (Troup, 1921; Champion et al., 1965). The average number of juniper trees per hectare have been estimated at hardly twenty eight (Khattak, 1976) and Caragana ambigua and Pervoskia abrotenoides are amongst the most frequent of the shrubs. Caragana is a medium sized bush growing on gritty sites while Pervoskia is a herb with bulbous thick tap root, lush green and a dominant colonizer of river beds and leaves (Z...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...as applied to Pakistan (Champion, Seth and Khattak, 1965). Yield has been prescribed in a variety of ways: (1) by number of trees = total number o f exploitable trees divided by assumed time of passage from the class next below the exploitable, to the exploitable size. (2) by volume = volume of exploitable trees divided by assumed time of passage from the class next below the exploitable, to the exploitable size. (3) by an arbitrary percentage of the volume of...
A. R. Beg
...in Billawar, Mirpur, Udhampur and Jammu upto an altitude of 800 m (Stewart, 1972). During a recent visit to Buner, the present author spotted a few clumps growing in nature also at Ambela, Maskipur and Bagra in Buner at about 800 m. The first two spots lie on raised stream banks with some damp soil and the third on a field border. A few more clumps are also reported to occur in the lower Buner. These are the only known remnants of natural bambo...
Wadood Shah* and Sanam Zarif Satti
...e in food consumption is hampered significantly by drought stress. Plants adjust their cellular osmotic potential and water potential in response to stressors, by increasing root length, closing stomata to reduce transpiration and also activating their natural defensive mechanisms by producing anti-oxidative enzymes and accumulating osmoprotectants. Changes in photosynthetic pigments are one of several factors that affect how much water is accessible to plants...
Ahmed Jamil Abid*, Ahlam Jaber Hamza
...rs and composed of four champers including two atria and two ventricles. The myocardium was the middle and thickest layer and was composed of myocardiocytes and Purkinje fibres, the myocardial fibres. Endocardium inner and thin layer lining cavities of the heart and contains Purkinje fibres in the deep part of the subepicardial layer. In conclusion the findings shown that the epicardium constitutes thin and outer layer of the atria and the ventricles were comp...
Mujahid Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Emily Silverman3, Asif Iqbal1, Muhammad Mohsan1, Haseeb Ahsan4
...he water crisis but also hampers agricultural productivity and food security. Agriculture accounts for 24% of the GDP while more than 90% of water consumed in Pakistan is utilized for agriculture. Pakistani has one of the best canal systems in the world and irrigation is the most water-consuming division of the country. More than 80% of the agricultural water is partitioned into wheat, cotton, maize, sugarcane, and rice. Seepage from rivers/canals, mismanageme...
Nutritional Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Green, Oolong and Black Teas of Sacha Inchi Leaves
Zarinah Zakaria1*, Nur Nabilah Norsham1, Nur Hasyimah Mat Shah1, Nurul Zaizuliana Rois Anwar1, Napisah Hussin2, Fauziah Tufail Ahmad3, Faridah Yahya3 and Norshazila Shahidan4
...Tea intake is frequently hampered by its odour, colour, and taste since it is processed as a crude aqueous extract, restricting its consumption despite the fact that it provides considerable medicinal benefits due to the inclusion of important bioactive components. In this study, green tea, oolong tea, and black tea were crafted using a combination of processed Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) leaves, the traditional tea (Camellia sinensis) ...
Rakhmad Hidayat1,2*, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto3, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati3 and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo3
...n West Kalimantan but is hampered by low productivity. The use of local pepper varieties and foot rot disease have caused a decrease in the production and efficiency of pepper farming. Farmers have adopted improved varieties called “Bengkayang pepper.” However, no studies have specifically examined the effect of adopting the Bengkayang pepper on the production and efficiency of pepper farming. This research aims to determine the technical, economic...
Wei Tian, Junquan Han*, Wenheng Han, Jia Wei and Hong Wang
...ophage phenotype greatly hampers the growth and infiltration of lung cancer cells. The discovery not only enhances our comprehension of the functioning of Shenling Baizhu Powder, but also presents novel molecular indicators and possible treatment objectives....
Tanendri Arrizqiyani1,2, Mas Rizky A. A. Syamsunarno3, Ratu Safitri4*
