Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1
Süleyman Kök*
...to the estimated average heterozygosity values for ex-situ breeding program and smallholders in the villages, the difference between the cattle were found meaningful (P<0.05). The observed average heterozygosity (Ho) value was calculated as 0.4077±0.1922, while the expected heterozygosity (He) value was found 0.3909±0.1663. The research ...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...ci. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity in four populations ranged from 0.6421-0.6980 and from 0.4841-0.6999. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg were found in the four populations at some loci. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that relatively little (11.02%) genetic diversity came from individual among population. In contrast, the majority of di...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
...he observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.143 to 1.000 and from 0.351 to 0.926, with average values of 0.614 and 0.771, respectively. Eighteen loci accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)(P > 0.05). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.340 to 0.921 with an average of 0.751. These markers will help the further studies, provide more useful tools to choose for researching genetic diversity a...
Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*
...0. Expected and observed heterozygosity varied from 0.260 to 0.904 and from 0.292 to 0.861, with an average of 0.741 and 0.607, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.566 to 0.823. These markers will be useful in further studies and will give new insight into conservation and efficient management of this species.
...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2
...d (Ho) heterozygosity were 0.175 ± 0.503 and 0.124 ± 0.496, respectively, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 29.42%, while the mean number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.30 ± 0.11. In addition, the mean levels of genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D) were 0.932 and 0.070, respectively, indicating that the two forms were genetically highly similar. Thus, the present results are concordant...
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
... indices were low. Total heterozygosity (Ht: 0.144±0.007), genetic diversity within population (Hs: 0.096±0.005), between populations (Dst: 0.018±0.003), genetic differentiation constants among populations (Gst: 0.153±0.025) and within populations (Rst: 0.847±0.025) were calculated. Gene flow (Nm: 3.246±0.448) and genetic similarity (97-98%) between populations was high. UPGMA based dendrogram identified five distinct ...
Jie Zhang1,2,*, Baradi Waryani3,4 and Qihai Zhou2,*
... d expected and observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.902 to 0.972 and 0.750 to 0.958, respectively. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.869 to 0.949. The cross-species amplification and applicability were also evaluated on Protosalanx chinensis, Neosalanx anderssoni, Neosalanx argentea and Neosalanx oligodontis, and 6-7 loci were amplified in these species. The outcome of the present inve...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
...he observed and expected heterozygosity in the test population ranged from 0.02 to 0.92 and from 0.02 to 0.62, respectively. High transferability rates were detected in M. butleri (37.14%), M. heymonsi (45.71%), M. pulchra (57.14%)and M. mixture (71.43%).These results indicate that the Illumina paired-end sequencing system is of great value for identifying massive numbers of genic microsatellites in M. fissipes with high-effi...
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
...is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic information content (PIC, 0.482 to 0.753) and the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’, 0.827 to 1.565) of all the 17 polymorphic loci indicated a high level of informativeness. Those markers will...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
...s, observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 2 to 8, 0.083 to 0.922 and 0.042 to 0.866, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.04 to 0.829. These markers will be useful in evaluation germplasm and genetic composition in the further research.
...
Asima Rani1,*, Syed Kashif Nawaz2 and Muhammad Arshad3
...1 to 0.622, p=0.000). AG heterozygosity increased the susceptibility of malaria (OR: 1.835, CI: 1.117 to 3.013, p=0.053), mild malaria (OR: 2.115, CI: 1.226 to 3.649, p=0.024) and P. vivax infection (OR: 2.758, CI: 1.607 to 4.732, p=0.000). GG genotype decreased the risk of mild malaria due to P. vivax infection (OR: 0.312, 95% CI: 0.170 to 0.572, p=0.000). AG genotype increased the chances of mild malaria due to P. vivax infection (OR: 3....
Qingzhan Ma1, Bo Wu1, Jianping Jiang2 and Zhaobin Song1,3*
...5). The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) in the eight populations ranged from 0.504 (POPH) to 0.767 (POPG) and from 0.6 (POPD) to 0.781 (POPA), respectively. The results showed that the eight populations possess considerable genetic diversity. The largest genetic differentiation (FST) among the eight populations was 0.233 (between POPB and POPD) and the low...
Jianjun Fu1, Shili Liu2, 3, Wenbin Zhu1, Yongyi Jia2, 3, Lanmei Wang1, Yufen Yang4, Zhimin Gu2, 3*and Zaijie Dong1*
...d from 7 to 22, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.39 to 0.75, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.57 to 0.91. All loci were highly informative (polymorphic information content, PIC >0.5). We detected a significant correlation between exclusion probabilities for parent pairs (E-PP) and PIC (P<0.01). Simulation analysis revealed that a high assignment rate (>95%) was achieved when...
Jun Yan Bai1*, Ren Tao Di Wu2, Qiang Zhang2, Di Bao2, Le Ma Dao2 and Xing Hua Tian3
... was 3.7647, the average heterozygosity was 0.6205, and the average polymorphism information content was 0.5602. It showed that the population of Sonid bactrian camel had high genetic diversity. Among 17 microsatellite markers, 4 microsatellites were found to be associated with body size traits of Sonid bactrian camels. The body length of AB genotype labeled LCA33 was significantly higher than that of AA genotype (P<0.05), and the chest circumference...
Syahruddin Said1*, Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra1 and Dani Nur Arifin2
...expected (He) heterozygosity had similar values of 0.48. The polymorphic informative content (PIC) was 0.37 and was of moderate category (0.25<PIC<0.50). The Chi-square value (χ2) was 5.71, which reveals that studied population is under the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2<5.991). The number of effective al...
J.Y. Bai1,*, R.T.D. Wu2,*, Q. Zhang2, D. Bao2, L.M. Dao2 and X.H. Tian3
... and average theoretical heterozygosity and average polymorphic information content were 0.6283 and 0.5546, respectively. Observational heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and polymorphic information content of Qinghai Bactrian camel were all higher than those of the other three varieties, being 0.8922, 0.6490 and 0.5813, respectively, so Qinghai Bactrian camel was of rich genetic poly...
Hui-Ming Li1, Bi-Ze Yang1, Xue-Jun Jin1,2, Lin-Miao Li1, Hai-Ying Jiang1,
Xiu-Juan Zhang1 and Jin-Ping Chen1*
...i>) and expected average heterozygosity (HE) value was 0.56 and 0.67 tested in 39 individual samples. For parentage testing, the allele frequency date-based indicated that the combined exclusion probability values were over 99.99% when 9 SSRs were used. This study demonstrated that the microsatellite-based approach could be effectively utilized for parentage analysis in pangolins and that it has a significant application in selective breeding...
Junyan Bai1*, Rentaodi Wu2*, Qihang Hu1, Lema Dao2 and Xinghua Tian3
...effective allele number, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content of 17 microsatellite markers in sunite bactrian camel were 2.8913, 0.6205 and 0.5602, respectively. The wool fineness of AB genotype of CMS36 locus was significantly higher than that of BB genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AC genotype at YWLL44 locus was significantly higher than that of BD, BE and CE genotype (P<0.05). The wool fineness of AA and BC genotype...
I Nyoman Sulabda1*, I Nengah Wandia2, I Ketut Puja3
...y was low, with observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity for locus BM1815 was 0.778 and 0.51, and for DRB3 was 0.556 and 0.478, respectively. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) for these two microsatellite was 0.397 for BM1815 and 0.413 for DRB3. The Taro white cattle showed low level of genetic diversity. This result would be used as an initial guide for conservation decisions in future for sur...
Lifang Zhang, Xiuyue Zhang and Bisong Yue*
...value 24.5. The observed heterozygosity value (HObs) varied from 0.481 to 0.906 and the mean HObs was 0.698; the expected heterozygosity value (HExp) varied from 0.625 to 0.928 and the mean HExp was 0.840. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied between 0.602 and 0.923. The analysis of Genepop and Popgene showed that a relatively high level of genetic diversity was revealed: the observed number of alleles was 10.078...
Maskur Maskur1*, Muhammad Muhsinin1, Lestari, Tapaul Rozi1, Asnawi2
...e mean value of observed heterozygosity (Ho) is lower than expected (He), with the values 0.393 and 0.472 (Khaki Campbell); 0.433 and 0.532 (Mojosari); and 0.330 and 0.451 (Sasak), respectively. This indicates that the population is heading towards a heterozygosity deficit and proves that the three populations are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The inbreeding coefficient in the three populations was quite high with a pos...
Amira M. Nowier1, Hassan R. Darwish2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, Nadia A. Abo El-Maaty2 and Othman E. Othman2*
...breed showed the highest heterozygosity (0.260) and effective number of alleles (1.345). The T>C SNP showed non-significant association with body weight traits. Body weights at birth, 3 months and 12 months in Damascus goat were significant and higher than those in Zaraibi. Kids born single were heavier than twins and triplets at birth age. The highest milk yield was recorded for Zaraibi does with three kids and at the first month of lactation stage. Moreov...
Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*
...he observed and expected heterozygosity across 38 individuals varied from 0.184-0.605 and 0.405-0.506, respectively. The minor allele frequency were ranged from 0.277 to 0.487 with an average of 0.417 per locus. We detected the lowest genetic diversity in the HS population compared with the EM and FJ population. Population analysis based on Structure and neighbour-joining tree revealed a unique genetic cluster of HS population and a similar genetic background ...
Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*
...G/A-22018 (intron 9) 22% heterozygosity was also shown in LNP subjects. This is the first report of SNP in MCM-6 gene studied in Pakistani patients. It may help in better understanding of different diseases having underlying cause related to lactose intolerance.
...
Mudassar Jehan1, Masroor Ahmed Bajwa2, Mohammad Masood Tariq2, Asim Faraz3*, Abdul Samaad2, Jameel Ahmad1 and Yousaf Hassan Barozai2
...y. Expected reduction in heterozygosity was higher than mean value in case of most of the markers with lower standard errors showing the prevalence of homozugous Balochi sheep population. The main cause reason behind prevalence of homozygous population might be inbreeding as only few rams had been used for breeding the flocks. This study would provide basis for breed characterization and lead to breed improvement program....
Yue Ren1, Ting Jia2, Hao Zhang1, Zhengkun Wang1 and Wanlong Zhu1*
...netic variation and high heterozygosity in T. belangeri chinensis populations in different Yunnan province, and Chuxiong population and Lijiang population had relative low genetic diversity. Moreover, skull morphology changed for adapting to changing environment in T. belangeri chinensis. Finally, MengLa population had remarkable differences with the other populations both in genetic diversity and skull morphology. Our study provides genetic diversity and skul...
Humera Manzoor1,2,5 Norbert Brüggemann2,3, Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain1, Tobias Bäumer2, Frauke Hinrichs2, Muhammad Wajid4, Alexander Münchau2, Katja Lohmann2* and Sadaf Naz1*
...n the three patients and heterozygosity in the obligate carrier (mother), predicted effect of variants on the encoded protein, and their frequencies in public databases. Sanger sequencing was performed to explore the segregation of the variant with the phenotype. All patients had congenital limb contractures. These included camptodactyly of hands and feet, ptosis, adducted thumb and clubfoot morphology. A novel homozygous missense variant in ECEL1 c.2051A>G...
Shafia Riaz1, Khalid Abbas1*, Tanveer Ahmed1,2*, Huma Naz3, Hina Amjad1 and Shahbaz Ahmad1
... on allelic frequencies, heterozygosity, inbreeding and genetic distance among hatchery genotypes. Impact of G×E interaction is illustrated by results where genetically diverse FQB genotype performed maximum under similar cultural environment among all genotypes....
Safriyanto Dako1, Nibras Karnain Laya1, Syukri I Gubali1, Ari Ardiantoro2, V.M Ani Nurgiartiningsih3, Gatot Ciptadi3, Desinta Wulandari3, Suyadi Suyadi3*
...opulations. The expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.407±0.216 (Bali) to 0.716±0.050 (Gorontalo), and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.471±0.084 (Bonebolango) to 0.778±0.222 (PO). F statistical analysis includes FIS 0.038, FIT 0.248, and FST 0.231. The three microsatellite markers were moderate (0.25-0.5) to highly informative (PIC>0.5). The research showed that Bali cattle were disti...
Jameel Ahmed1,2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Nadeem Rashid1, Asim Faraz3*,
Majed Rafeeq1, Irfan Shehzad Sheikh1, Mudassar Jahan1,2, Abdul Fatih1,2,
Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Ifrah Jameel1, Muhammad Ali1 and Saira Iftikhar4
...er magnitude of observed heterozygosity indicated that forces affecting Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium were not much effective in these flocks and outbreeding was common phenomenon that reduced the inbreeding in the flocks as inbreeding tends to promote homozygosity. The range in observed heterozygosity was very wide for different molecular markers. These measurements underlined the absence of inbreeding in the flocks that commo...
Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5
...reby avoiding inevitable heterozygosity and polyembyonic nature of citrus fruits....
Ngoc Tan Nguyen1*, Tan Loi Le1, Thi Kim Ngan Vo1, Chi Hieu Do1, Tuan Thanh Hoang2, Nguyen Khang Duong3, Quang Minh Luu4
...ontent) and He (expected heterozygosity) were 0.260 and 0.306. The group of ducks with CC/PstI genotype laid the first egg significant earlier (P<0.05) than CT/PstI or TT/PstI genotype ducks (145.3 vs 152.3 days or 153.2 days, respectively), the total of egg number up to 38 weeks of age was higher (P<0.05) in the group of ducks with CC/PstI genotype compared to CT/PstI or TT/PstI genotype (99.3 vs 93.1 or 91.7 eggs). The average egg weight did not signif...
Yanping Li, Fei Xu, Yongming Wang*, Yunyun Lv, Jinrong Shi, Biwen Xie, Wenyao Cai and Dian Liu
... 0.5). The mean observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.779 to 0.887, and the hybrid combination of S. superciliaris ♀ × S. reevesae ♂ obtained the highest observed heterozygosity, while S. reevesae had the lowest. The high heterozygosity was helpful for protecting the genetic resources and preventing the genetic decline, which could reduce the risk of inbreeding due to loss of
Qi Liu1,2, Weiyuan Li2,3, Qi Zhang2,3, Ziwei Wang2,3, Rui Gao1,2, Wenlei Liu1,2, Lei Zhang1,2, Ying Liu1,2, Tao Tian2,3 and Hongwei Yan2,3*
...ss and unbiased expected heterozygosity in the 2019 stock (P < 0.05). The highest pairwise relatedness and the lowest observed heterozygosity were also observed in 2019 stock. Moreover, a small but significant genetic differentiation was detected between the 2019 stock and the stocks of the previous two years. Given the continuously large scale of artificial enhancements in this area, these data may indicate that releases...
Yingying Ye1, Chengrui Yan1, Kaida Xu2, Jiji Li1, Jing Miao1, Zhenming Lü1 and Baoying Guo1*
Mamona Jabeen1, Sumra Naz1, Hina Amjad1, Khalid Abbas1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2, Taqwa Safdar1 and Muhammad Sarfraz Ahmed1
...ited a moderate level of heterozygosity. The mean value of observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.700 – 0.833 while the expected heterozygosity varied between 0.863 – 0.868. Significant deviation from HWE (P<0.05) was observed in all the populations due to the deficits of heterozygotes suggesting either due to inbreeding or recent mixing of stocks. AMOVA revealed that the ...
Jaweria Iqbal1, Muhammad Tanveer Altaf2, Muhammad Faheem Jan3, Waqas Raza4*, Waqas Liaqat5, Ikram ul Haq6, Amna Jamil7, Sameer Ahmed1, Amjad Ali2 and Arif Mehmood8
...SRs have a high expected heterozygosity of polymorphic loci (Hep) as compared to ISSR, along with a higher marker index value (MI). The effective multiplex ratio for ISSRs (1.40) was greater than EST-SSRs (1.12). The structural analysis revealed 6 sub-clusters for EST-SSRs and 4 sub-clusters for ISSRs. This phylogenetic study is crucial for identifying promising genotypes for breeding programs, especially given the limited genetic diversity in cotton breeding....
Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2
...genotypes with a general heterozygosity value where H0>He. The growth hormone gene from the Pesisir and FH cattle crosses were polymorphic, with imbalanced genotype frequencies, and the body size of males was longer than that of females.
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Van Dai Nguyen1, ¥, Van Ba Nguyen2, ¥, Thi Thanh Nhan Giang2, Cong Dinh Nguyen2, Thi Lan Nguyen1, Dinh Ngoan Vu1, Duc Chuyen Nguyen1, Van Can Ta1, Khac Khanh Nguyen2, Thi Lien Cao2, Doan Lan Pham2, Khanh Van Nguyen2, Ngoc Tan Nguyen3*
... mean values of expected heterozygosity (He), observed heterozygosity (Ho), and polymorphic informative content (PIC) 0.743, 0.271, and 0.738, respectively. The two local swamp buffalo populations were separated into two main branches. One branch came from the TC local buffalo population while the other from the LB buffalo population subsequently separated into two sub-clades (LB-LD and LB-LC). Most of the polymorphic marker...
