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Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq

...ext-align: justify;">The knowledge of supply greatly helps planners and policy makers to allocate and achieve production targets and in longer term planning. A study was conducted during 2009-10 with an objective to estimate the wheat yield response function in two agro-ecological zones in Punjab. The method of ordinary least square was used. Time series data for different explanatory variable (eco- nomic, location and climatic) from 1979-2009 relating to whea...

Guoyi Li1, Haiyan Tong1, Jiansheng Chen2, Jinliang Wei2, Xiaoming Zhao2, Guoping Zhang2, Zixue Shi2*

E-mail | [email protected]

... a worldwide effort to acknowledge the importance of performing an extensive study of this deadly disease.

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Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...l pathogens, without any knowledge on the targets in advance. However, clinical specimens usually comprise an overwhelming amount of host nucleic acids, which by far exceeds the number of pathogen nucleic acids in the sample. Subsequently, it is necessary to either decrease the amount of host nucleic acids or increase the amount of pathogen nucleic acids, to allow for detection via metagenomic NGS. This minireview is revising our developed TUViD-VM protocol an...

 Shubhada K Chothe, Bhushan M Jayarao and Suresh V Kuchipudi

...we summarize our current knowledge about the role of lncRNAs in influenza virus infection and the exciting prospect of exploiting lncRNAs as targets to develop novel anti-viral therapies.

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Moustafa Kardjadj

...nt review summarizes the knowledge generated in epidemiology, diagnosis and surveillance of the disease in the Maghreb countries.

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Ashley C. Banyard1* and Satya Parida2

...ribe current areas where knowledge improvement is required to shape our understanding of the disease and its distribution alongside areas of investigation that require consideration in any viral eradication campaign. 

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Christopher U Orji1*, Ignatius O Onyeocha2, Steven S Shaida3, Peter M Dede4, Bitrus Yakubu5, Elijah E Ella6 and Pam D Luka5

...l measures can rely upon knowledge of genetic diversity between species’ population. Two species were studied: Glossina palpalis palpalis and Glossina morsitans submorsitans using two mitochondrial DNA fragment primers- Cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) and Cytochrome b (CytB). Twelve samples of laboratory-reared population of each species were used for the study. Sequencing data were used to calculate haplotype, haplotype diversity and ...

Giselle R.R. Ayres* and Brandão P.E

...n aspects of the current knowledge on the main AvCoV replicase genes.

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John G. Bruno

.... Unfortunately, without knowledge of the hypervariable region amino acid sequences of the target antibodies, no docking simulations are possible to test this topological hypothesis, but the present work illustrates feasibility of the approach and paves the way for more sophisticated analysis that could lead to improved rickettsial serodiagnostics and aptamer-based vaccines.

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Waqar Islam

...o lack of farmer’s knowledge about plant virus diseases. Therefore, here we reviewed about this issue by highlighting that what farmers know about plant viruses, what is their perception about yield losses by virus diseases and what management strategies they choose to apply against viruses. We further added our suggestions that how plant viruses can be managed effectively through simple and credible efforts.

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Goutam Samui and S. Jha

Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
... spraying without proper knowledge on the life cycle did not give good result in managing the pest. Hence, application of insecticides had to be synchronized with the emergence of nymphs. To manage the shoot gall psylla, mechanical control (Pruning) and insecticidal control measure were taken up in the district of Murshidabad. In mechanical control, both pruning of 15 cm and 30 cm of affected shoots resulted in the formation of lower number of gall/shoot as co...
Habibun Nabi1, Saher Islam2, Amna Arshad Bajwa2, Imran Rashid1,*, Haroon Akbar1, Wasim Shehzad2, Kamran Ashraf1, Nisar Ahmad1 and Aneela Durrani3
... In order to develop our knowledge about the toxoplasmosis epidemiology, further genotype analyses of T. gondii from animals and man need to be performed in Pakistan.
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Rehmat Ullah1*, Kalim Ullah2, Inam Ullah3, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Asif Nawaz1 
...on with provision of new knowledge at (P≤0.01) level of probability. Analysis of variance confirms that most of the farmers with more than 20 hectare land visit the offices of FAs more frequently. Rank Based Quotient technique depicted that the top priority problem identified in the study area was the scarcity of extension staff. It is recommended that public financial support should be increased which are working with same interests, to have a better Exten...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...tii help to complete knowledge on external morphology of this species. By knowledge of biology and ecology of Aphis nasturtii a protocol for the prevention and control can be established.
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Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Khalid Mahmood1,* and Muhammad Akhtar1
...n that provides a better knowledge of the taxon morphology, and this material expands our anatomical knowledge of this taxon. Boselaphus namadicus is spanning from about 3.4 to 0.6 Ma in the Siwalik Group. The Pleistocene species, Boselaphus cf. namadicus, was adapted to open and dry habitats of the Siwaliks.
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Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Ayesha Riaz3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Muhammad Akhtar1
... The findings expand our knowledge on the dental anatomic features of the described species that existed in the Middle Siwalik Subgroup during the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene.
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Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam 

... Farmers have indigenous knowledge of the climate of the area to predict and forecast the changing weather and climate. Knowing such traditional knowledge provides an opportunity to understand how the farmers are adapting to new type of weather. The study was carried out in Balambat Tehsil District Dir Lower. They study is primarily based on questionnaire survey and focus group discussion. A total of fifteen villages out of ...
Lowell Gustafson
...ntist) would claim total knowledge about ultimate reality. Ted Peters adds to a discussion that is taking place along our current pilgrimage, but he would be the first to say that is not the final word about ultimate reality.
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Ann Milliken Pederson
... holistic integration of knowledge, places the quest and the question of God within the historical narrative of the natural and cultural history of the entire cosmos, and offers a vision of hope and action to create a sustainable and wholesome view for the future. 
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John Martin Fischer
...ility of God’s foreknowledge and human freedom to do otherwise. The arguments are fueled by the intuitive idea of the fixity of the past. I distinguish different versions of the argument, and I contend that it is important to see that the arguments are different, even though they are motivated by the same basic intuitive ideas. It is also important to see how they are the same in significant ways.
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Meghan Griffith
...otherwise and divine foreknowledge “are in important ways parallel to a more recent (“Modern”) argument for the incompatibility of causal determinism and freedom to do otherwise” (1). Comparisons between foreknowledge and determinism appear throughout the book, typically when Fischer is defending incompatibilist arguments regarding foreknowledge and freedom to do ot...
David P. Hunt
...fatalism: how divine foreknowledge can be compatible with human freedom. No one has contributed more to the contemporary debate over this problem than John Martin Fischer. The volume under discussion collects eleven of Fischer’s previously published essays on the problem—five earlier papers, and six that appeared just within the last eight years. It also opens with a substantial overview, itself worth the price of admission, written ...
Katherin Rogers
...n freedom and divine foreknowledge. He presents the solution as Ockhamism plus “eternalism” and dismisses it quickly in that it requires an “eminently contestable metaphysical picture about the nature of time”.1 I will defend Anselm’s more systematically worked out version of this solution. (My interpretation of Anselm is not universally accepted, but here I am more concerned with the philosophical plausibility of ...

Aqsa Waqar1, Sahir Hameed Khattak2, Sania Begum2*, Tayyaba Rehman1, Rabia1, Armghan Shehzad2, Wajya Ajmal2, Syeda Shahdana Zia2, Iqra Siddiqi2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali2* 

...blems can be overcome by knowledge about the disease, identifying resistance lines and subsequently develop resistant varieties with an aim to shorten the disease cycle. One of the quickest ways in this direction is the designing molecular markers for non-race-specific resistance genes. Use of molecular markers is efficient tool for screening diversity of rust genes in wheat germplasm and can facilitate the integration of multiple genes into wheat by pyramidin...

Aneeza Jamshed1* and Syed Amir Gillani2 

...nts were never given the knowledge about hepatitis C, its source of transmission (contaminated syringes) and its secondary prevention. Only 3% knew that it can be prevented. About 61% thought that it is a disease of adults. Only 21.1% students thought it can be cured. In post awareness assessment after 3 sessions of interactive learning, 92% students understood the prevention of hepatitis C disease, its transmission (syringes 88.7%, blood transfusion 91%), sig...

Muhammad Yahya Noori1*, Saharish Rizwan2, Zaheer Ali3 and Shaheen Sharafat4 

...s no association between knowledge about exposure and patients’ gender. The study shows that efforts of active case finding should be employed to find the hidden cases of Tuberculosis in the society to stop the spread by those patients, who are unaware of their disease. 

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Michael Almeida
...to Pike, God’s foreknowledge that we will perform some action is inconsistent with our freedom to do otherwise. If freedom requires the freedom to do otherwise, then God’s foreknowledge undermines our freedom. Divine foreknowledge that we will perform some action makes alternative actions unavailable to us. 
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Richard Swinburne
...ould not have infallible knowledge of any future causally undetermined contingent event, and so – if there are any such events - could not be essentially omniscient, in the sense of having infallible knowledge of all true propositions. Given the assumption that human free actions are causally underdetermined, this entails that such a God cannot at any time have infallible knowledge<...
Bruce R. Reichenbach
... between God’s foreknowledge and human free actions. In what follows I will argue that the incompatibilist view that Fischer and others stalwartly defend results from the particular starting point they choose, and that if one adopts a different starting point about divine knowledge the logical incompatibility they envision and philosophically anguish over evaporates. 
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Alan R. Rhoda
...iscussions on divine foreknowledge and human freedom. I have a great deal of respect for his work in this area and have learned much from him, so it’s an honor to have been invited to comment on his recently published collection of essays on this topic (Fischer 2016). Given my space limitations and time constraints, I have decided to focus my comments on what he dubs the “Bootstrapping View” in section V of the volume’s introductory ess...
John Martin Fischer
...ble that God’s foreknowledge is incompatible with human freedom to do otherwise. She also agrees with me that this still leaves the question of whether God’s foreknowledge rules out acting freely (and moral responsibility). I defend semicompatibilism about God’s foreknowledge and moral responsibility; thus I hold that acting freely and moral responsibility are compatible ...

 Akhtar A. Siddiqui and Allah W. Rind*

EXTENSION FIELD WORKERS� PERCEPTION OF COTTON INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME IN SINDH PROVINCE
...t EFWs improved farmers' knowledge, skills and behavioral change in attitude towards agro-ecological sound IPM practices through FFS training. 

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Tanzila Kazmi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan**

FARMERS BELIEFS ABOUT INDIGENOUS FARMING PRACTICES AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
...revealed that indigenous knowledge is a long term process and demands a complete approach to achieve destined goals. On the other hand it was also found that the lack of knowledge is a hindrance to achieve required outcome(s) from modern techniques. Thus, the public institutes need to be strengthened so that the transitional lag may be bridged and farmers may also get required production.

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 Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... were satisfied with the knowledge sharing presentations about the specific technologies discussed during the training.

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Dachuan Cheng1,2, Md Mahbubul Hassan3, Zhenhua Ma1, 2, 3,*, Qibin Yang1 and Jian G. Qin3
... from this study add new knowledge to functional morphology of crimson snapper that would be useful to larval aquaculture of marine teleosts.
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Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3 

... conducted to assess the knowledge level of the farmers for producing, processing and marketing of dates in Panjgur-Balochistan, Pakistan. Snowball sampling technique was used to select 90 respondents. The data revealed that average age of the farmers was 53.9 years with education from secondary to graduate level. The results of the study showed that many of the farmers on average have 10 acres of land under date palm cultivation with more than 57 date palm tr...
Sabah Mansoor1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Amna Jawad1, Bushra Munir2, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Wasim1
...ubstrate. To best of our knowledge this is the highest activity among the reported recombinant amylases from genus Geobacillus. Laboratory scale production of reducing sugars from cloth-starch makes AMYSBS a suitable candidate to be used in Textile industry.
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Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...s study was to gain more knowledge about immune response following vaccination of the African wild dog, in order to improve husbandry in zoos and help wildlife conservation. In total, 146 serum samples from 47 individuals were analyzed. Serum neutralization test was used to determine presence of CDV antibodies, and an indirect IgG ELISA was used to detect CPV antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies was induced after CDV vaccination and persisted up to 3.9 years. M...

Urooba Pervaiz1, Abdus Salam1, Dawood Jan2, Ayesha Khan1 and Mahmood Iqbal

...ertilizers and technical knowledge, pest and diseases incidence, improper marketing of produce in the study area.  

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Muhammad Akbar Khan
...e that provides a better knowledge of the taxon morphology. Hexaprotodon sivalensis is reported for the first time from the Bhimber Pleistocene locality of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
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Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...stem. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-prevalence report of avian influenza (H5) in broilers in these districts of the province. Necessary measures are required to overcome the situation and improve vaccination and hygiene.
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Selçuk Kaplan
...aloes. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study that fully describes seven polymorphic sites of bubaline leptin gene in Anatolian water buffaloes.
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Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
... 11 in D species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of FAdV-11 strains identified in poultry production facilities in Pakistan. This study reveals the presence of two distinct groups of FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 in chickens affected with hydropericardium syndrome and inclusion body hepatitis. To control FAdvs, strict biosecurity protection measures are necessary and we propose the continuous epidemiological surveillance to support the prevention of the virus...
Naveed Rashid*1, Muhammad Aamer2, Uzma Malik3, Nimra Arif4, Muhammad Waqar Akram5 and Ayesha Irshad6
...dy was set to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) about self-care of AVF access site amongst end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis. 
Methods: This comparative cross sectional study with quantitative approach was carried out in hemodialysis unit of Shalamar Institute of Health Sciences, Lahore for the month of July, 2017. All patients with ESRD, on maintenance hemodialysis through an AV...
Ansar Ahmed Abbasi1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Imtiaz Ahmed6, Hao Hu7, Sylvie Picker-Minh2-4,8, Muhammad Nasim Khan5, Khalid Hameed1, Aneela Gulnaz1, Zahid Latif5, Abdul Rauf5 and Angela M. Kaindl2-4,8
...pulation and updates our knowledge regarding the frequent involvement of ASPM in microcephaly.
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Hanif Ur Rahman1, Umer Saddique1, Zahoor-ul-Hassan1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Said Sajjad Ali Shah1, Farhan Anwar Khan1Fazli Rabbani2, Muhammad Asif Hussain2, Attaur-Rahman2, Irshad Ahmad3,4 and Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*
...tion. To the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time on the molecular identification of Mccp and Mmc, and on predominance of Mccp as etiological agent of CCPP in sheep and goats of Northern Pakistan. The results have implications in the epidemiology and vaccine strategy against CCPP infection in small ruminants in the Northern region of Pakistan and therefore, a comprehensive country wide surveillance should further investigate the overall prevalen...

G. Venkatesan* and Amit Kumar  

...ntary deals with current knowledge and opportunities on ORFV and future challenges as control perspectives in India. 

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Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...n Lahore, Pakistan. This knowledge will enable the medical laboratories to report pAmpC β-lactamase detection accurately and support physicians to prescribe the appropriate antibiotics.
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Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3  

...ansfer of information or knowledge to the farmers for aphid attack on wheat crop. Hence, it is concluded that the goal for creating awareness among farmers for the use of Mobile phone cellular technology is as effective as face-to-face (traditional method) for dissemination of desired information regarding aphid attack on wheat crop. In addition, more respondents may interact with the Extension Field Staff (EFS) by using cellular technology irrespective whethe...

Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2

...al wheat varieties. This knowledge will help as basis for plant pathologist, plant breeders and genetics to develop non-specific rust resistant wheat varieties through gene pyramiding or marker assisted breeding 

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Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman

...need to invest in expert knowledge and vocational training opportunities to bring change in the skills level of the respondents in the study area. It is recommended to create job opportunities by boosting up educational and agri-business opportunities based on the needs, skills and by providing required training for economic wellbeing of the respondents 

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Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...iv>We establish baseline knowledge of abundance, diversity and multivariate structure of macrobenthos in the East China Sea of Xiangshan and elucidate main environmental variables that shape their spatial patterns. The environment of the study area has significant spatial heterogeneity. Environmental variables of sediment and water column were studied to provide models for spatial patterns of macrobenthic assemblages. Result showed that most of variation in ma...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...animal handlers had poor knowledge regarding signs, symptoms and the zoonotic nature of the infection. Three primary signs (persistent cough, weight loss and fever) were recognized by 4.7% of respondents including herd owners, herders and animal handlers. This study calls for instant measures for disease control among the animals and humans of the study area, and highlight the need for farmer education regarding bovine tuberculosis.
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 Abir Ishtiaq, Muhammad Naeem*

Length-weight relationships and condition factor for farmed Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
...ill a gap in the current knowledge in this area.

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 Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5

Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
... TB patients. Inadequate knowledge and misconceptions about
susceptibility and severity of TB disease is contributing towards low health seeking
behavior. Further, false beliefs and distrust in treatment are the perceived barriers,
which decrease motivation for benefits and superimpose the condition.

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Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2 

...s do not have sufficient knowledge about the suitable irrigation time (interval). The aim of study was to explore the best irrigation time for sugar beet crop. Hence, this study examines the physiological response of sugar beet cv. California-kws with different irrigation intervals at the research farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal university Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design (...
Gangchun Xu1,2, Fukuan Du2, Yuyu Wang2, Yan Li2, Zhijuan Nie2 and Pao Xu1,2,*
...se results provide basic knowledge of the new PTGES2s of C. nasus.
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Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5* 

... the relevant documented knowledge published about its botanical aspects, phytochemistry, traditional uses as well as therapeutic potential of Conocarpus erectus. This plant was selected due to its great medicinal importance like its leaves and fruits have been using traditionally as antipyretic, anti diabetic, anti malarial and for the treatment of conjunctivitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, orchitis, diarrhea, anemia, prickly heat and swellings etc. The plant has a...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

...launched for transfer of knowledge and for awareness of rice growers; Inputs should be provided at door step on subsidized rate to farmer; Legal programs should be arranged for farmer awareness in the study area; Road facilities should be provided to farmer for pick and drop of input and output; Several farm plots should be combined and modern farming be practiced on the farm for enhancement of rice productivity in the study area. 

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Ayesha Chaudhary1, Fouzia Mumtaz1, Muhammad Yaseen2* and Muhammad Younis Afzal3 
 
...ted farmers had adequate knowledge of climate change.
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Madeeha Khalid and Amtul Jamil Sami*
...re up to the best of our knowledge. The minor allele frequencies of SNPs at position -57, -50, -48, -40, -34, -1 and +58, respectively are higher than other populations. All the observed SNPs are located in the region involved in transcription factor binding. This study is the first report regarding the allele frequency data and SNPs of the GH promoter region and exon 1 in the Local population.
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Jesse Butler
...ing (ESU) is veridical acknowledgement of human beings as embodied agents in the world, fundamentally situated within interdependent relations between self and environment. As contemporary exemplars of Native American and Confucian philosophy, respectively, Cordova and Tu illustrate how both worldviews exhibit ESU and thereby serve as models toward the cultivation of ecological well-being.
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Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2* 

...study contributes to the knowledge in the area pertaining to the Disaster Risk Reduction under overall domain of adaptation to climate change. Understanding occurrence and impacts of hydro-meteorological disasters on people’s well-being and which livelihood assets are significant for identifying coping strategies to deal with disasters are important ingredients to increased resilience of communities living in disaster prone areas. This study relies on th...

Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Sheraz Ahmed2*, Sultan Akbar Jadoon2, Imtiaz Ali2 and Ajmalud Din2 

...align: justify;">Precise knowledge regarding genetic architecture of production traits is important to devise effective breeding and selection strategies. This investigation was carried out to elucidate relationship between Hayman and Griffing analyses in flue cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco. Plant material comprised of seven tobacco cultivars which were hybridized in full diallel mating system at the Tobacco Research Sub-station, Mansehra, Pakistan during 2007. ...
Muhammad Khalil Nawaz, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas, Muhammad Akbar Khan, M. Adeeb Babar*, Muhammad Asim, Rabia Shahid and Muhammad Akhtar
...l expands our anatomical knowledge about the recorded species.
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Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan 

...his article assessed the knowledge gap of improved cane management practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. Sugarcane growers were selected randomly and Data were collected through interview schedule from 285 respondents in D.I. Khan and Mardan districts during sugarcane cropping season, 2018. Knowledge gap index was applied as a measuring tool. The empirical results indicated that no

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

...ion work and explore the knowledge of farmers and their linkages with government as well private sector for livestock improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. A total of 480 respondents from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with independent sample t-test and dummy variable regression were used for analysis. It is observed during the...
Faraz Akrim1,2, Tariq Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem3, Siddiqa Qasim1, Shaista Andleeb1 and Hira Fatima1

Ayat Ullah* and Ayesha Khan 

...quency on farmers’ knowledge of improved ways of chemical, biological and cultural control methods in the rain-fed districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Using multistage random sampling technique data were collected from 395 respondents according to Yamane’s formula. The study uses the Kruskal–Wallis H test for checking differences among farmers knowledge with differences in their contact with extensio...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...ed carp will advance our knowledge of the genetic differentiation between different common carp varieties caused by domestication, and accelerate the molecular selection of fish species with consumer-favored skin color and body shape.
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Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali* 

...o growers’ lack of knowledge or budget constraint. Nitrophous and chemicals were over utilized as their allocative efficiencies were less than 1. The study recommends that government may provide subsidized inputs and interest free production credit to poor farmers for purchase of chemical fertilizers for optimal utilization of these inputs.

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Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4* 

... scarcity of cytogenetic knowledge. Khairpur district in Sindh is known as the biodiversity center of date palm. Investigations were carried on the chromosome number and karyotype one of the seven indigenous commercial date palm varieties and four wild type date palm of Sindh province, Pakistan by using the traditional Fuelgen squash method. Results indicated that all seven commercial varieties and four wild types of date palm are diploid in nature and having ...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,* 
...corresponded to previous knowledge about different molecular genetic markers. Therefore, unexpectedly, our study indicated that the diversity of some of the populations was decreased, leaving us to improve and refine our conversional strategy. In addition, this resulted in a greater understanding of human yak phylogenetic differentiation as well as providing data support for understanding the evolution and migration of yak population in future studies.
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Naveed Afsar* and Muhammad Idrees 

...eminating climate change knowledge in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the 400 farmers of the two purposively sampled districts as these two were the highly vulnerable areas from climate change. The major source of climate change information of the majority of farmers was electronic media and the overall regression analysis of the climate change perceptions reveal that climate change is happening and long-term mean temperatures have been increased w...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4

 

...kens. To the best of our knowledge the circulation of aHEV in chicken has not been studied in Pakistan so far. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to isolate and identify aHEV from layer chickens of Pakistan. The bile fluids, liver and spleen tissues were collected from overnight dead layer chickens (n = 8) from Pattoki region of Punjab province, Pakistan, during July to August 2016. The RT-PCR showed the amplifications of selected regions of helicase (1...

Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi 

...farmers have very little knowledge about turkey management procedure. There is no specific feeding standard for turkey. Farmers used to feed their turkey according to broiler and layer feeding manual. So, research needed to improve the status of turkey. 

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Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...ck of our farmer’s knowledge, repetition of the same crop in field, and non-awareness of pesticides applications. Ten isolates from seven different fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium,Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus,along with two chemicals,Vydate and Basamid ...
Zahra Eftekhar1, Morteza Naderi2,*, Mohammad Kaboli3, Hamid R. Rezaei4 and Nematollah Khorasani3
...as a model to enrich our knowledge of patterns of arboreal species adaptation to the glacial oscillations. Ancient Hyrcanian forests, as one of the old-growth relicts of the temperate deciduous forests, have been recently documented as an important refugium during the last glacial maximum (LGM). More investigations based on skull and mandible morphological assessments revealed considerable intraspecific evolutionary divergence among the local populations settl...

Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Afzal1, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Saqib1, Asad Abdullah1, Saba Kousar1 and Maryam Riaz1 

Muhammad Azam Niazi1* and Umar Farooq2 

...ext-align: justify;">The knowledge of responsiveness of the Basmati farmers to various stimuli is important for the policy makers to plan resource allocation and output of Basmati rice. Supply response analysis was carried out to quantify the response of farmers to price and non-price factors. Most of the literature on supply response of crops in Pakistan has relied on the assumption that the data series used for analyses were stationary while most of time ser...

Hina Fatima1*, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khurram Nawaz3 

...heir managerial ability, knowledge, and technical skills in order to obtain the higher production and farm returns. 

...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

...ent survey described the knowledge, behavior, agricultural practices and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 and sample collection points were presented on map by using software Arc GIS. The response of interviewers was high which indicates their intentions to facilitate the present study. It was found that 12 varieties of peachs are being grown in th...

Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1* 

...eview summarizes current knowledge on complex immune-modulatory role of vitamin D at cellular level as well as different mechanisms through which vitamin D exert protective role against different viral, bacterial, parasitic infections and non-infectious disorders.  

...

Sanaullah1*, Urooba Pervaiz1, Shahid Ali2, Mohammad Fayaz2 and Aftab Khan

...ck of required technical knowledge were of major concerns. The results of t-test indicated that higher maize yield was obtained for the respondents who irrigated their fields using hybrid seed, as well as with the help from extension specialists’ visits and with the adoption of recommended farming practices. It is established that improved farming practices have significant influence on yield. The study recommends transfer of technical and timely informa...
Kanwal Nisa1, Sadaf Ashraf1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1*,Naila Taj1Habib-Ur-Rehman1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
...ro;M. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on purification and characterization of a POR/PDC from T. kodakaraensis.
...
Gulnaz Afzal1, Ghulam Mustafa2*, Shakila Mushtaq3 and Amer Jamil4

Shilong Chen1,2, Shifeng Xiao1,2, Shao Wang1,2, Fengqiang Lin1,2, Xiaoxia Cheng1,2, Xiaoli Zhu1,2, Dandan Jiang1,2, Shaoying Chen1,2* and Fusong Yu3* 

... to describe the current knowledge on SBDSV with an emphasis on epidemiology, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, genomic organization and pathogenesis. However, the pathogenesis mechanisms of cross-species transmission, retardation and beak atrophy are still needed to be elucidated. 

...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick

...nge due to their lack of knowledge regarding climate change adaptation, mitigation and strategies and the deficiency of climate-related skills or competencies. The extension field staff exhibited a confident attitude towards training in the arena of climate change adaptation and mitigation to help close the gap between potential crop yield and average crop yield and to update the living standards of rural societies. Therefore, in-service and pre-service traini...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan 

...n is based on indigenous knowledge and is for the better management of forests, grasses and agriculture resources. According to field survey, availability of fodder (grasses) at the pastures, ban on cutting of grasses and grazing in the village, management of land at pastures, refuge from scorching heat of summer are the major causes of seasonal migration. There used to be a time when almost every household use to move to pasture before the onsets of summers, ...
Omer Draz1, Xijun Ni2, Khizar Samiullah1,*, Riffat Yasin1, Rana Mehroz Fazal1, Sakeela Naz1, Saleem Akhtar1, Mahpara Gillani1 and Muzammil Ejaz1
...ition which enhances our knowledge to the dental morphological features and palaeoenvironment of the described species.
...
Xiuqing Hao1, Zhe Hong2, Huili Gao1, Fumin Tian1, Hongke Zhang3, Yu Zhou3, Yuming Guo3, Guang Yang1,* and Bingyao Chen1,*
...r obtaining the baseline knowledge. The best model generated the seabirds’ density of 11.47 (95% confidence interval 6.90-19.05) individuals/km2 and 1.94 (1.27 - 2.95) individuals/km2, respectively in Beihai and Shatian. The coefficient of variation value of 20.42% and 25.43% showed moderate accuracy. The Beihai and Shatian seabird communities had similar fixed kernel home range. Seabirds’ distribution largely overlapped with ...
Afzal Nimra1, Zulfiqar Ali1*, Safdar Sidra 2, Rida Ahmad1
...spitals, which is to our knowledge, is the first study contributed from Pakistan and its understanding is important in order to improve law enforcement against causative factors. 
...

Arshad Farooq1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq3 and Asif Nawaz

...squo; characteristics on knowledge gap of sugarcane recommended production management practices in the research area. Data were collected personally through face to face interview schedule from 285 sample respondents randomly selected from eight villages of the eight selected union councils. The empirical results indicated that farmers of district Mardan had 41 percent knowledge gap with cane yield 58387 kgs/hectare and samp...

Shah Nawaz Khuhro1*, Irshad Ali Junejo1, Muhammad Haroon Hullio1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan2, Sultan Ahmed Maitlo3 and Mukhtiar Ahmed Shaikh

...The present study on the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding pesticide application by the vegetable growers in Dadu canal irrigated area carried out on targeted vegetable farmers in three Districts Shikarpur, Larkana, and Dadu of northern Sindh, Pakistan. The effect of pesticides on human health and the environment is a main public health issue in Pakistan. These negative effects of pesticides can be minimized by awareness to the growers focusing more...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed 

...ng attributed to lack of knowledge of furrow bed design, installation and management. Therefore, this study is aimed to illustrate appropriate installation and management of furrow bed irrigation method for enhancing decision support on farms. Pakistan is a major irrigated agricultural country with more than 90% of crop production coming from irrigated areas. Irrigation water available at farm gates either from surface or groundwater resources are more preciou...
Fehmina Ashraf1*, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1
...per reported the updated knowledge about bacterial laccases.
...

Hasaan Aziz*, Fariha Altaaf, Attia Bashir, Abdul Basit, Syed Anam Masood Gardazi and Farah Haider 

...the findings enhance our knowledge towards CDVs circulating in Pakistan. Further studies are much necessary to ascertain genetic characteristics of CDVs over a wide geographical area of the country together exploring the potential reasons of vaccine failure.  

...

Muhammad Nafees Khan1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Ullah2, Shehzad Ali Jamshed4 

THE EFFECTS OF TANGIBLE AND INTANGIBLE ASPECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE
...ees. Moreover, results acknowledge
that tangible aspects and intangible aspects were related and both having positive effects on the employee performance.
A number of recommendations are given regarding implementing these tangible and intangible factors for
manufacturing concerns in Pakistan. 

...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...ut having research based knowledge of such patterns,
it becomes extremely difficult to predict/minimize the scouring effects ultimately leading to severe pier damages. In
this research study, experimental investigation is carried out to find the scouring patterns in terms of scour depth
and its extent in lateral direction for circular and square pier models. For this purpose a number of experiments
were conducted in the physical mod...

Muhammad Aamir1*, Riaz Muhammad1, Naseer Ahmed1, Muhammad Sadiq2, Muhammad Waqas3, Izhar1 

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LEAD FREE SOLDER ALLOY FOR GREEN ELECTRONICS UNDER HIGH STRAIN RATE AND THERMAL AGING
...lloys have been widely acknowledged due to its good mechanical properties and no
harmful effect on environment. The current work is focused on the examination of thermal aging and strain rates
on mechanical properties of Sn96.5-Ag3.0-Cu0.5 (SAC305) LFS alloy. The selected thermal aging temperatures are 60
°C, 100 °C and 140 °C. Strain rates are measured at 10/s, 20/s, 30/s and 40/s. The microstructure examination
before ...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1 

CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...br /> important to have knowledge of these characteristics to be able to predict the transport of the beam through various
optical elements and also to analyse the subsequent interaction with materials. The whole optical intensity profile in
two dimensional space of a laser beam i.e. across the beam radius and its detailed shape has been measured and it
has been demonstrated that Ti: sapphire laser system has the ability to fabricate thre...
Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel2, Ejaz Ashraf3*, Asad Ali4 and Arooba Rubab5
Effect of Insecticides on the Longevity of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
...with average (0.86). The knowledge from this study describes the effects of chemical compounds on honey bees and potentially facilitates beekeeping farmers to avoid the use of chemical compounds for their colonies to reduce colony problems.

...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor P. Khan1, Himayatullah Khan1 and Azra2 

Does Women’s Participation in Livestock Management Enhance their Empowerment? An Insight from the Tribal Belt of Pakistan
...e provision of technical knowledge and guidance to women are suggested to increase their participation in the decisions related to livestock management activities and ultimately for women empowerment. Moreover, there is still a need to enhance women’s decision-making power at the household level for the development of Pakistani society.

...

Parsa Riaz and Muhammad Naeem*

Digestive Enzymes Activity with Gut Morphometric Parameter of Carnivorous Fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes)
...attu. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on Wallago attu related to gut morphometrics that evaluated digestive enzymes with reported literature behalf of their species feeding habits. Gut morphometric parameters included first time in relation to Wallago attu morphology as Relative gut mass, length and Zihler’s Index are basically explored as potential indices to identify habits.

...

Shaukat Ali*, Shah Khusro*, Laiq Hasan**, Asif Ali Khan**

A SURVEY OF MOBILE PHONES CONTEXT-AWARENESS USING SENSING COMPUTING RESEARCH
...s. The readily available knowledge is organized and classified effectively to give insight knowledge about the phenomena. We believe that this paper will serve as a compact platform for researchers and learners to shine their understandings and address the open issues and challenges which exist or can emerge in this novel paradigm. A number of research dimensions are also highlighted to help researchers in finding research t...

Muhammad Naeem*, Sohail Asghar**

A REVIEW OF FEATURE SELECTION TECHNIQUES IN STRUCTURE LEARNING
...utomatic distillation of knowledge from masses of data with target concepts. However, there are various circumstances where we are confronted to fix a set of most influencing variables in modelling of class variable. This arises in provision of confidence measures on set of variables used in the structure learning of data. In this study, we have tweaked empirical as well as theoretical aspects of various feature selection evaluators, their ...

Asif Nawaz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Rehmat Ullah, Khalid Nawab and Urooba Pervaiz

Investigation of Professional Competency Level and Training Needs of Field Assistants in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...n of relevant skills and knowledge.

...

Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2

SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...process parameters are acknowledged as important means to deal with liven up the quality of the molded items. Inappropriate or unseemly settings of parameters normally create quality and production issues. Minute changes of significant molding parameters may give an extensive effect to the plastic product’s characteristics and this research paper is also anticipated to lend a hand to the optimization of parameters of vertical plastic ...

Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2

KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...support system. The knowledge sharing framework requires an extensive research to improve inter-operatiability of cross-functional systems and subsequently provide the basis for diverse utilization of knowledge base technologies in manufacturing. The effective knowledge sharing framework in manufacturing industries is used to speed-up the New Product Development & I...

 S.W. Shah*, M.I. Babar*, L. Khan**, M.N. Arbab*, H. Ullah*** and R.A. Syed***

RELIABLE MULTICAST IMPLEMENTATION IN JAVA
...tiated, NACK (negative acknowledgement) based.
...

Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...as to file the taxonomic knowledge and the local and medicinal uses of the root juice of Desmodium elegans DC, combined with the bark juice of Bauhinia malabarica for the treatment of cholera, branches of the Indigofera heterantha Wal. ex Brands vari; gerardiana used in basket making, twig bridges making, soil cover for preventing erosion. Similarly, Astragalus genus used as a fodder, fuel wood, miswak, fatigue, tooth ache, Crotalaria juncea forage for goats a...
Ishrat Perveen1, Yasar Saleem2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3* 
...to 1.4 mg/d. To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the highest known dietary consumption value of HCAs worldwide. This study presents a plausible positive association between the high temperature cooking methods and higher quantities of HCAs in RTE Chicken kabab commercially available from Pakistani markets.
...

Ghulam Akbar1*, Ali Ahmad2, Neha Arooj1, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Aamna Rafique1, Sania Riasat1, Mohsin Raza1, Mahpara Qamar1, Shahneela Nusrat1 and Shakila Hanif1

Critical Update for the Treatment of Anemia by using Advanced Genome Editing Crispr Cas Technology
.... It is of importance to knowledge about types of CRISPR to treat anemia. Cas 9 showed one of best gene editing reactions than others. Recent data gives authentic applications of CRISPR use in anemia which provides potential for usage of gene editing technique for different types of anemia. In evaluation we defined currently developed genome editing device update used for the remedy of anemia, its mechanism of movement and sickle cellular mutation corrections....
Muhammad Umer Khan1,2*, Muhammad Farooq Sabar1, Atif Amin Baig3, Arif-un-Nisa Naqvi4 and Muhammad Usman Ghani1
...enetic pin code. Overall knowledge of mtDNA profiles of worldwide populations can benefit population genetics and forensic sciences. Consequently, this study was designed to establish the mtDNA profiles of the Shin ethnic group in Gilgit-Baltistan, the northern most territory of Pakistan. Phlebotomy was performed for a total of 79 maternally unrelated Shin volunteers. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples and subjected to PCR amplification using s...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Muhammad Luqman1*, Zahoor Hussain2, Usman Saleem3, Asif Nawaz1, Tahir Munir Butt4 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

Assessment of Knowledge Level and Information Sources of Vegetable Growers regarding Tunnel Farming in District Sargodha
...argodha aside from their knowledge level about vegetable production under tunnels. Every year there is a lot paid from the national exchequer for the import of vegetables, especially from the neighboring countries. To at least minimize those expenditures tunnel farming to a maximum level can give us a way forward. This transverse study has the Sargodha district as its universe. All the vegetable growers who used to grow off-season vegetables were the populatio...
Taqiur Rahman1, Tabassum Yaseen1*, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, Samiullah3, Ghulam Jelani3, Gul Nawaz1,Qudratullah Kalwar2
...nt the threatened herbal knowledge from the elder formers (R1, R2 and R4) this study labels the ethno veterinary practices in different villages of District Shangla, where the documentation process is carried out through semi-structured questionnaires in 2017 (R1) where about seventy plant species belonging to different families of spermatophytes have been collected, among which forty-eight belonged to angiosperm families and 2 families were gymnosperms. This ...
Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Amjad Islam Aqib2*, Ambreen Ashar3Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Muhammad Shoaib4Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar1, Khurram Ashfaq1, Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta1 and Shagufta Nighat5
...body condition, mastitis knowledge, treatment approach, and therapeutic drug use were significantly (p<0.05) associated with rise in S. aureus in dairy milk. All the tested isolates were found 100% resistant to Cefotaxime, Fusidic acid, and Ampicillin while 60-80% of these isolates were found sensitive to Cefoxitin, Gentamicin, Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, and Oxytetracycline. Except Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole, non-significant diffe...
Neelam Pery1*, Fatima Ijaz1, Nayab Batool Rizvi1, Munawar Ali Munawar1 and Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2*
...in enzyme assays. To our knowledge, this is the first-ever report on dual JAK3/BTK inhibitors.
...

 Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...omalia, to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of population towards Brucellosis. In this study, a total of 120 participants share their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards Brucellosis. Their knowledge regarding causative agent was 37.5% (n=45) and the disease was 45% (n=54), while transmission of animal to human was 43.33% (n=52). The majority of participants would tak...
Ehsan Kashani1, Hamid Reza Rezaei2*, Morteza Naderi3 and Nematolah Khorasani4

 

Wentao Wang1,2, Xu Lin3, Jianshu Zhuo3, Dongjie Zhang2, Xiuqin Yang3* and Di Liu1, 2*
...The results increase our knowledge of E2F3b mRNA diversity and provide basis for in-depth functional research.
...
Nosheen Basharat1, Usman Waheed2,3*, Muhammad Arshad1, Noor e Saba4, Iram Masood1, Akhlaaq Wazeer1, Ahmad Farooq1, Sadaf Moneeba1Abdul Rauf5 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3

 

... society. TTV prevalence knowledge in Pakistan will help to develop strategy to control virus transmission in healthy population.
...

Muhammad Yaseen1, Xu Shiwei2, Yu Wen2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Raheel Saqib3, Muhammad Ameen4, Sadia Hassan5 and Tahir Munir Butt6

...play a pragmatic role in knowledge building among the farming community. Farmers use various traditional and modern information sources such as extension field staff, fellow farmers, private sector, electronic media, print media, and information communication technologies (ICTs) gadgets to get the latest information necessary for agricultural productivity. This study aimed to explore the patterns of farmers to access and receive information from different sour...
Roland Eric Yessinou1*, Alain Richi Kamga Waladjo2, Nestor Noudeke1, Ignace Dramou3, Justin Adinsi1, Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon4, Elsie Yélognisê Sangnidjo5, Razack Osse5, Alfred Dansou6 and Souaïbou Farougou1
... Mastomysspp. The knowledge of the geographical distribution and epidemiology may help disease control efforts and limit the risk of transmission, both locally and internationally. This study is also important in order to guide interventions, public health authorities and inform on the evolution of the disease.
...

Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Badol Ashraf and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...will add to the existing knowledge on the effects of biological and environmental variables on the prevalence of bovine surgical affections in Mymensingh and its surrounding localities.

...

Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2, Shah Najaf Mukhtar1, Muhammad Arshad1, Nimra Altaf1

...ent | To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive study has been conducted before on mite diversity in Sargodha. The study would help run proper management practices to control the losses caused by mites.
...
Ayse Haligur* and Sema Ozkadif
... with people. Anatomical knowledge of the red fox is very poor and we aimed to investigate the branches of the plexus brachialis in the red fox. We used six male red foxes that were died in traffic accidents. The right plexus brachialis was formed by the cervical spine nerves, C6, C7, and C8, and the thoracic spine nerve, T1 of the rami ventralis in four animals, and between C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 in two animals. The right plexus had a regular appearance. T...

Mohammad Tariq Aziz* and Ayesha Khan

... which support and share knowledge. The research study was conducted to find out the role and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for availing agricultural information in the research area. District Charsadda was the universe of the study and Multi Stage Sampling technique was used to select respondents from three selected villages of Tehsil Shabqadar of District Charsadda, namely Hajizai, Katozai and Battagram. Through Proportiona...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

... of family members, farm knowledge, accessibility of extension services, gender, credit access, farm size, farming experience, and crossbreeds’ availability had a positive association with dairy technology adoption, while age and market distance had a negative association. According to the study results, it is concluded that the adoption of technology depends on their socio-economic conditions. Hence, it is suggested that the administration should encour...

Mehnaz Safdar1, Urooba Pervaiz1* and Dawood Jan2

...lity of timely technical knowledge and extension services, low family income, less access to farm inputs and inadequate income generating opportunities were the major constraints. Women farmers should be given easy and quick opportunity to open bank account, credit facilities and agriculture inputs and extension services.

...

Md. Mukthar Mia1 and Mahamudul Hasan2

...ented into three forms acknowledged as (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c), which resembles to be liable for the infection’s statewide spread. For transmission, the fecal-oral pathway is deemed the most obvious route than other permissible routes. Moreover, spreading through contact interactions, environmental pollutants, and the host reservoir, like a stray dog, could be feasible. Distressingly, such a pathogen is currently endemic in Asian nations, including ...

Ayaz Ahmed* and Muhammad Zulfiqar

...tly improved the skills, knowledge and leadership abilities of the JFM participants (human asset) as compared to non-participants but JFM did not contributed to resolve the health and educational problems of the participants. Regarding the physical asset indicators, data results of two groups showed no significant variation. It was concluded that overall livelihood assets condition of JFM participants was better as compared to non-participants. This study ther...

Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4

...div>
aMPV. For our knowledge, aMPV antibodies are detecting in Pekin and Muscovy duck flocks for first
time in Egypt.
...

Wesley D. Nafarnda, Japhet H. Baraya, Olatunde H. Olabode, Malang K. Simon

...questionnaire on general knowledge, practice and productivity indicators was
administered thrice to participating household poultry farmers alongside administration of feed based
V4 thermostable ND vaccination in chickens. Sera obtained from forty (40) chickens per LGA during
pre-vaccination, post-vaccination and post-booster vaccination with NDV4 thermostable vaccine were
subjected to Hemagglutination Inhibition...

Md. Sahidur Rahman1*, Tishita Ape1, Md. Islam1 and Sharmin Chowdhury2

...1) relationship with the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. Only 27% of farmers were always following the prescription of a veterinarian. We found drug sellers/dealers, experienced local farmers, and the farmer’s own self were three other important prescriber groups recommending antimicrobials. The study revealed the necessity of awareness programs for farmers and antimicrobial stewardship programs targeting veterinarians, and other stakeholders to r...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,2*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Umar Ijaz3,Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Asim1Asif Mahmood Qureshi4, Mahboob Iqbal4 and Muhammad Akhtar4
...ime, and add substantial knowledge on the anatomical features of Bu. platyceros. Bubalus jarikasensis erected by Akhtar in 2002 is reviewed in this paper and synonymized to Bu. platyceros.
...
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5
...This paper gives insight knowledge to the energy planners for developing a cost-effective way to mitigate the electricity problems in low-income areas by incorporating the energy mix of wind and solar. A Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator is designed for the location and simulated in Matlab. With a fixed rated speed of 100 rpm, based on the load calculation, the number of poles and slots calculated are 60 and 180 respectively. The to...

Hina Fatima1*, Bushra Yasmin2 and Lal Khan Almas3

...enhancing farmers’ knowledge regarding inputs quality and its time-effective utilization in addition to the marketing information about availability of innovative inputs. This is learned from the results that multiple cropping under tunnels appeared as a cutting-edge system among the prevalent agricultural practices in Pakistan that demands modernity and challenges on the part of farmers. 

...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
...n ideal drug target. The knowledge obtained will help to elucidate mechanism and design principles necessary to understand protein secretion systems.
...

 Yanqiang Zhou1, Lixin Wang1, Chunxiao Hao1, Xiuyun Li2, Shakeel Hussain1, Dongdong Shen1, Zhiwei Peng1, Qi`an Zhai1 and Zhijun Hou1,*

... provide an accumulating knowledge to help preventing and controlling the spread of infectious parasitic diseases in the zoo.
...

Muhammad Yaseen*, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Luqman, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Umer Mehmood

...y. Lack of basic farming knowledge and skills is the topmost factor hindering youth involvement in agricultural activities with a mean value of 4.63 and S.D. value of 0.522. The government should give loans to youth for establishing their agriculture business ranked at 1st with a mean value of 4.72 for youth priorities in agricultural activities. Results of this study would be helpful for public and private sector institutions working for youth engagements to ...

Junaid Ahmad1, Shahzeb Javed2*, Mehmood Khan1, Shadman1, Muhammad Farooq3*, Muhammad Saleem4, Rahila Afzal5, Muhammad Aasim6, Naqeeb Ullah7, Muhammad Noman Khan8, Dawood8 and Naila Ilyas9

...k at the students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices on food safety and cleanliness at a different institution in KPK, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done among 1000 government and private university students in KPK, Pakistan, using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire with a total of 26 questions. Self-administered survey forms were used to collect data from several disciplines. Every correct and incorrect response was given a score of...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2

...essed the farmers’ knowledge of record keeping; determined their intentions towards keeping farm records; and identified the constraints to farm record keeping. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 178 youth farmers on whom a structured interview schedule was administered. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Multiple Regression Analysis. Results reveal that most of the respondents were male (73.6%), with mean age ...

Saadu Mustapha1,2, Norsida Man1*,  Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman1 and Ahmadu Abubakar Tafida3

...ys of providing valuable knowledge to farmers. The goal was to define the respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, classify the types of ICT tools adopted by the respondents and identify factors influencing the adoption of ICT in extension service delivery among the respondents. Primary data were obtained using multi-stage cluster sampling technique, using organized questionnaires administered to 254 respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics...

Yonis Abukar Mohamed1, Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,2, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,3*, Abdiaziz Ahmed Mohamud1,3, Kassim Abdullahi Jimale1,2 and Said Ali Ibrahim2

...ent and to gain adequate knowledge of the management of working donkeys in Somalia. Both di­rect observational (animal-based) and indirect (owner-based) interviews were used to collect the data. A total of 350 randomly selected working donkeys were examined and 350 donkey owners were interviewed. Of these 56.9%, 24.3%, 18.9%, 79.7%, 65.4%, and 38.3%, 8.9% of donkeys were suffering from behavioral problems such as depression, digestive problems, respiratory...
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...the wild is scanty while knowledge of the environmental factor that bridges the gap between the crow and man is lacking. This study evaluated the plasma biochemistry profile of C. albus and the environmental factor that bridges the gap between man and crow through which disease pathogens could be transmitted. The plasma biochemistry parameters of C. albus determined in this study are higher in females than in the males but the mean plasma biochem...
Sohail Anjum1, Awais Ahmad1, Farzana Bibi1 and Hazrat Ali2*
...r intelligence is also acknowledged duly. They are also obligate to human presence. We can assume that “where there is human, there is house crow essentially”. The present article documents the ecology of this bird in Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The house crow population has reached a considerable size in the study area. The species has colonized both rural and urban areas and has dispersed throughout the study area. One of the most im...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...53.6%. Lack of skill and knowledge (79.2%), lack of training and extension service 90.3%), low productivity (88.1%), the occurrence of pest and disease (80.7%), climate change (80.7%), weak market linkage (88.1%), monopoly market (69.2%, output price fluctuation (88.9%), and lack of centralized processing facilities (80.7%) were the key restraints on tea out-growers production and selling activity in the research area. The Cobb Douglas model indicated that lab...

Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7

...ey had excellent farming knowledge and apple growing experience. Furthermore, a non-significant association exists between age and adoption, and a significant association between landholding and awareness about recommendations has been found. A non-significant association existed between apple-growing experience and awareness/ adoption of recommendations. It is recommended that apple growers need direct or indirect training about the latest technologies and in...

Arshad Farooq1, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Asif Nawaz3*, Iltaf Ullah4 and Hidayatullah5

...productivity. Therefore, knowledge about climate smart agricultural production technology is the main component and knowledge gap is at the crux of yield gap. The current study was carried out in two districts Charsadda and Nowshera of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province during 2020 with main objectives to measure farmers’ knowledge level in fourteen climate smart recommended agricultural pr...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

...ons, awareness, level of knowledge and practices about tuberculosis; to investigate the molecular prevalence of bTB. Overall, 390 no of sputum samples collected as of 800-participants comprised of TB patients (100), livestock(L/S) farm employees(200), abattoir employees(174), butchers(294), veterinarian(10) and veterinary assistants(22). Two out of 100 TB patients (2/100), 3 out of 200 livestock farm workers (3/200) and 3 out of 23 abattoir workers (3/23) were...

Mustafa Ozan Atasoy

...ed. Based on the current knowledge, this article outlines the benefits and drawbacks of HVT-vectored vaccines in combating health-threatening poultry infections and briefly pinpoints the future perspectives for improving the success of poultry vaccines. 

...

Javed Khan1, Abdul Majid1, Mohammad Nisar2*, Ali Hazrat2, Nausheen Nazir3, Muhammad Zahoor3, Mohammad Ihsan2, Azhar Hussain Shah1, Muhamad Ajmal Khan4 and Muhammad Yahya1

...nt plant species and its knowledge help the breeders and farmers to select the best variety. Alnus nitida is one of the native and most important plants in District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, mostly used for medicinal purposes. In the present study, total 50 genotypes of Alnus nitida were collected from Dir lower and evaluated for morphological traits (leaf, petiole, nut, and catkin size). A significant level of variations was observed in the siz...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*

...ext-align: justify;">The knowledge of oviposition preference by female insects is a basic requirement for developing insect pest scouting methods to determine the potential damage and to apply control measures for key pest like Earias vittella in cotton. Field experiments were conducted to assess the distribution of E. vittella eggs within the cotton plant. Out of 240 plants inspected, E. vittella females laid 204 and 194 eggs on 40.9% and 36.9%of the plants i...

Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*

...conclude that i. lack of knowledge about pests and diseases, ii monocropping and use of decade’s old cultivars, iii. lack of awareness about diseases, their ecology and epidemiology, iv. lack of knowledge about good phytosanitary practices and v. inability to choose the right pesticide/fungicide for better management are some of the contributing factors behind peach decline. Such situations are common in developing cou...

Huapu Chen1, Zhiyuan Li1, Yaorong Wang1, Wei Yang2,*, Hongjuan Shi1, Shuisheng Li1,3, Chunhua Zhu1 and Guangli Li1,*

...males respectively. This knowledge will provide useful and valuable information in better understanding of the differences between both sexes, relationships between morphometric traits, and selective breeding of S.argus. These models might also provide theoretical support for the indirect selection of traits that are difficult to select directly.

...

Mona M. Osman1, Kamelia M. Osman2, Manal Abu Elmakarem Mohamed1, Mahmoud E. Hashad2, Jeeser Alves Almeida3, Alaa Saad4, Octavio Luiz Franco5,6, Heba N. Deif 2* 

...hed light on the current knowledge gap in the role of two potential virulence determinants viz H2S production and catalase activity, for their possible roles in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity of M. ovipneumoniae. The recovered sheep isolates of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae were examined bacteriologically and by PCR using Mycoplasma species-specific primers. MIC testing of the axenic isolates showed that 19 of them were 100%...

Muhammad Ali Raza1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Kamran Ashraf2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali3, Kumayl Hassan Akhtar4 and Nazia Rubab5

...iduals had a very little knowledge about OH i.e. 18.2% persons knew about the term. Regarding the abuse of ABs, 91.1% believed about the occurrence of ABs in milk, meat and yogourt, and 76.8% opined that there happens misuse of ABs which is against the Animal Welfare. The OH requires an institutional paradigm shift and dire attention of all the aforementioned stakeholders i.e. legislative, administration, policy makers, corporate sector, and the OH professiona...

Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Abdul Hassan1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Asif Nawaz3*

...pact of mobile phones on knowledge level of farmers about improved agricultural management techniques. Out of 203 subscribers (beneficiary farmers), sixty farmers were interviewed through interview schedule. Knowledge index was used for measuring farmers’ knowledge level. The study revealed that application of mobile phones decreased the communication gap (88%) between the farmers an...

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3*, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3 

... consolidate the current knowledge of cumulus cells effects on maturation of intact and reconstructed oocytes and further developmental competence of embryos in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords | Follicle, Cumulus cells, Follicular fluid, Cytoplast, Nucleus, Nucleolus, Maturation, Embryo 

...

Iram Liaqat1*, Umaima Bibi2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Najma Arshad2*

...dant potential. Obtained knowledge via present study have been extended further for isolation of potential bioactive components with natural and inherent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

...

Iftikhar Alam1*, Muhammad Ali2 and Muhammad Farooq3*

...rogrammed PA and limited knowledge/awareness support. Participants were very contented with photo-elicitation stimulated discussions. Using these photos, students were able to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy eating and lifestyle habits. Photo elicitation is an effective technique to engage participants to define food environment, and the related supports and barriers of a food and lifestyle environment.

...
Aiman Al-Mufarji1, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1*, Haitham Al-Masruri2, Rashid Al-Zeidi3

Syed Wajahat Husain Jaafry1* and Amber Fatima2

...on, the current state of knowledge, and future perspectives. It has been established that species identification and communication between plants exist through many mediums like damage induced warnings, call for predators, root secretion, and volatile signaling. We found that most of the research has been executed in a controlled environment with a continuous supply of nutrients and water; more field studies should be conducted to assess the behavior of relate...

Ayesha Khan*, Mohammad Tariq Aziz, Urooba Pervaiz and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...formation which helps in knowledge sharing and creating awareness. The study focuses on farmer’s access to ICT tools for productivity enhancement in district Charsadda, the universe of the study. For selection of sample multi stage sampling method was used and respondents were selected from three villages namely Hajizai, Katozai and Batagram of tehsil Shabqadar. A sample of 112 respondents was drawn through proportional allocation technique based on 10% ...

Zohair S. Mulla1*, Mostafa M. Abdelhafeez2 

...l 2%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report isolation and identification of shiga toxin producing E. coli from retailed meat products in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Keywords | Ground beef, Sausage, Burger, Microbial status, E. coli, Organic acids  

...

Haitham Al Masruri1, Rashid Al Zeidi2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Ahmed Al-Madani4, Al-Hassan Mohammed5* 

Rashid Al Zeidi1, Haitham Al Masruri2, Aiman Al Mufarji3, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed3, Al-Hassan Mohammed4* 

...view aims to discuss the knowledge of oocyte maturation and its effect on further development of embryos in vivo and in vitro.

Keywords | Oocytes, Cumulus cells, Cytoplast, Nucleus, Embryos 

...

Waqas Raza1*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ikram-ul-Haq3, Muhammad Zakria4 and Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani5,6

...r plant-pathogen may add knowledge of the taxonomic behavior of pathogen. The usage of various growth media is providing a useful pattern of the growth that can be utilized in determining the best possible control of late blight disease.

...

Ayesha Khan*, Zubair Ahmad Khan and Urooba Pervaiz

...ed that lack of computer knowledge, lack of training programs and lack of availability of computer were the major obstacles faced by them in use of computer technology. Chi-square results showed a non-significant association between literacy level and training needs while a significant association existed between literacy level and obstacles in use of computer technology. The study concludes that there is need for training in different areas and most face obst...

Caiyun Ma1, Hebao Wen1, Lu Li2, Gaofeng Liu1, Chunjing Wang1, Yu Guo1, Shiji Fang1, Hongyu Wang1* and Changqing Liu1*

...r human diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first study to capture the emergence of Tibetan mastiff-derived CSPCs. Our study aimed to unveil the biological properties and differentiation multipotency of CSPCs. CSPCs were characterized by the clonogenicity, growth curves and karyotype analysis, respectively. The results showed that the CSPCs of Tibetan mastiff displayed self-renewal ability, proliferative potential, and hereditary stability. Moreover, the C...

Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*, Aiman Al Mufarji and Sultan Alawaid

... and combine the current knowledge on growth, development and maturation of ovarian follicles and resulting oocytes and their applications in assisted reproductive techniques.

...

Amoon Danial1, Shahan Azeem1*, Sohail Raza1 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2

...cant risk factor. To our knowledge this is first study in Pakistan investigating the role of goats in the chain of transmission of BoHV-1.

...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

...cides, lack of technical knowledge, lack of cold storage, high cost of transportation, pest and disease attack, defective marketing and lack of credit facility. The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged and facilitated to adopt tunnel farming technology as it is the best method to grow off-season vegetables and for yields, both the field staff of extension department and farmers must be provided training for development of tunnels and package of p...

Yue Ren1, Ting Jia2, Hao Zhang1, Zhengkun Wang1 and Wanlong Zhu1*

...ity and skull morphology knowledge of T. belangeri chinensis, their adaptation of genetic level and skull offers new insight into their classification and adaptation.

...

Abhishek Pandit1, Suman Poudel2, Manish Gautam3* and Shambhu Shah4

...in animals’ proper knowledge of the hormonal profile and functional structure prevalent in ovaries in stages of estrus. Various protocols are available based on the hormone used, route of administration, requirements for heat detection, number of hormone injections, number of cattle handled, and injection time. Increased labor and upfront cost of hormone treatment, standard degree of supervision, and decent handling facilities are some of the drawbacks o...

Samina Kausar1, Rana Badar Aziz2, Muhammad Waseem3, Muhammad Ahmad3, Hamza Shafiq4, Muhammad Asim5, Usama Zia6, Sobia Afzal7, Wanpeng Xi8*, Mansoor Hameed1* and Muhammad Usman Shoukat9

...n carotenoid metabolism, knowledge about genetic information, and enzymes that are involved in carotenoid metabolism and regulation, underlying carotenoid accumulation, and factors that affect carotenoid regulation, and health benefits of carotenoids.

...

Irshad Ahmad1,2*

...an update of the current knowledge of microalgae as a supplement or feed additive to substitute FM and FO in aquafeeds. This review will provide a platform to highlight the potential of microalgae-based aquafeeds for a sustainable aquaculture industry.

...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

...ch aimed to estimate the knowledge level of agricultural extension workers in the Domain of climate change in Duhok Governorate Furthermore, the correlation of knowledge degree among the agricultural extension workers was determined based on the following independent variables: (age, gender, upbringing, academic qualification, specialization, duration of service in agricultural extension, training courses, and the use of inf...

Faisal Khurshid1*, Asad Ullah1 and Sana Manan2

...an independent variable (knowledge of innovations) and dependent variable (adoption of agricultural innovations). Chi-square test was applied to ascertain the association among the study variables. It was found that adoption of agricultural innovations was significantly associated with knowledge of ICTs, (P=0.002), mobile/Applications as the most popular media of agriculture innovations and way of acquiring information (P=0....

Maskur1*, Muhammad Muhsinin1, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede2 

...terations. Based on this knowledge, the study’s objective was to determine the presence of BMP15 and BMPR-1B gene polymorphisms and how they affected the prolific traits of Kacang and Boerka goats. This study indicates that the FecXG and FecB mutations were associated with litter size in Kacang and Boerka goat breeds. The FecXG has two genotypes in both Kacang and Boerka goats, namely homozygote wild type ++ and heterozygote mutant carrier G+ with a litt...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...in July and August. This knowledge will help with the development of integrated pest management strategies for fruit fly species and the reduction of insecticide use, which will benefit both growers and the environment.

...

Quang Minh Dinh1*, Tran Thi Huyen Lam2,3, Y Thi Nha Nguyen4, Thanh Minh Nguyen1 and Tien Thi Kieu Nguyen5

...n supply the fundamental knowledge about the nutrient biology of Butis koilomatodon and be useful for artificial cultivating this fish.

...

Nam Thanh Nguyen1,2,3, Linh Manh Ha4, Anh Thi Nguyen5, Nam Hoang Chu5, Hau Duc Tran5, Hung Phuc Nguyen5 and Thuy Thi Ta6*

F. Shahina†, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and Y. I. Erum

...ho contributed to gather knowledge on the biological diversity through systematics and faunistic studies. Information published in different scientific journals, newsletters, reports, book chapters, books booklets and proceedings have been considered. Those records contained in abstracts of conferences/ congresses, doctoral theses were not included. A total of 749 species belonging to 261 genera of 81 subfamiles, 85 families of 24 Superfamiles, 19 suborders of...
K. Nasira, S. Shamim and F. Shahina†
...n aim to disseminate the knowledge of fresh water nematodes
as indicators in environmental monitoring. Detailed sample analysis revealed the presence of forty nematode species
including three new species viz., Bathyeurystomina minima Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014, Belbolla
longispiculata Nasira, Shahina & Shamim, 2014 and Metoncholaimus siddiqii Shahina, Nasira & Shamim, 2015
while six species were r...

K. Nasira† and S. Shamim

...These studies add to the knowledge of diversity of fresh water nematodes and evidence on their
categorization of the basis of feeding habits and the community structure.
...

Mohsin Shad1, Muhammad Usman2 and Qurratulann Afza Gardner1*

...sizing that despite vast knowledge available in this field, still there are so much to explore about cyt b.

...

Ayesha Bakhtiar1, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Abdul Rauf Bhatti3*, Shabir Ahmad2, Naqash Khalid2, Javed Iqbal5, Azra Nadeem4 and Waqas Ahmad1

...terinary services, prior knowledge, population distribution, communication infrastructure, and climate.

...
Saleh Aljubran, Shaker Al-Suwaiegh, Yousef Alyousef, Sulaiman Alhajri, Mohammed Alghareeb, Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
... consolidate the current knowledge of assisted reproductive techniques of males and females in addition to their importance for oocyte maturation, artificial oocyte reprogramming, embryo development and their resulting newborns.
 
Keywords | In vitro, Oocyte, Embryo production, Embryo transfer, Micromanipulation
...

Abdul Hadi Wasil1,2*, Jasmin Arif Shah1, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris1, Sardar M. Hashimi3 and Khal Mohammad Ahmadzai4

...dy examined the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward organic fertilizer adoption in Uruzgan, Afghanistan. A total of 116 structured questionnaires were distributed to almond smallholder farmers in the Tarin Kowt district. The results revealed a medium level of knowledge and attitude, and a high level of practice toward organic fertilizer adoption among the almond smallholder farmers. The finding showed that 97.4...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Rehana Kausar2 and Shamim Akhter1

...of any fish species, the knowledge about the proper feeding regime especially the appropriate amount feed offered, is very important. To determine the optimum feeding level for African catfish culture, an experiment was conducted in earthen ponds of size 0.02 hectare each, for the period of four months at a stocking rate of 10,000 fingerlings per hectare (500 fish/acre). The experiment design was CRD with four treatments (2%, 4%, 6% and 8% feeding level of wet...

Usman Ali1,2*, Basharat Ahmad1, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Muhammad Kabir3, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Liaqat Ali Khan1 and Muhammad Bashir Khan1

...ntification and in-depth knowledge of suitable habitats. Habitat suitability models (HSMs) have wide use in the understanding of niche requirements, hence prioritizing management and conservation issues for threatened species. This study aimed to identify the current range and suitable habitat of black bear in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K) using the maximum entropy model. Field surveys were conducted between 2015 and 2020 to collect data using direct and i...

I Nyoman Sulabda1, Anak Agung Gde Oka Dharmayudha2, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan3, Dwi Fortuna Hashilonda4, Luh Gde Setyawati5, I Ketut Puja6*

... 25 days post-AI. To our knowledge, this is the first successful case of AI in a Kintamani dog. From these results, it can be concluded that freezing the semen of Kintamani dogs could fertilize female dog eggs.
 
Keywords | Kintamani dogs, fertilization, Insemination, Intravaginal, Pregnancy
...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

...d, and study areas. This knowledge of gastrointestinal parasites will help guide for the surveillance of goat parasitosis in Benin.
 

...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

...oviding them with modern knowledge by enhancing their performance to achieve the ultimate goals. However, farmers struggle to manage the olive crop due to a lack of practical knowledge and training sessions on advanced production techniques. Keeping in view the above-mentioned facts, it was imminent to assess the awareness level and adoption of olive growers of the Pothwar region of Punjab so that they can contribute effecti...

Abdul Hassan1*, Arshad Farooq1, Muhammad Ishaq2, Ghulam Sadiq2 and Asif Nawaz3

...agriculture, lack of new knowledge according to climate, supplying inappropriate seed, fear to adopt improved practices that are not applied in village and land price changes had loading in production risk factors. Government programs and inadequate extension services had loadings in institutional risk factors while financial risk factors were no financial support by input dealers and no capacity to provide inputs. Fluctuation in input prices and market compet...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

... is to be practiced. The knowledge gained from this study will be useful to the hatchery operators taking appropriate measures to strengthen the biosecurity line for controlling bacterial contamination of the various biological and physical components, and thus for reducing larval mortality within an acceptable range in captivity.

...

Md. Saiful Islam Siddiqui1*, Sharmin Akter2 and Mohd. Riajul Islam2 

...tatus of poultry farmers knowledge about antibiotic resistant (ABR). A cross-sectional survey was conducted over a period of around one year among 50 broiler farms of about 25000 birds at Sylhet district in Bangladesh. Data revealed that Amoxicillin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, Cephalexin, Erythromycin, Neomycin and Colistin were found most commonly used antibiotics. Majority poultry farmer’s bear’s very poor educationa...

Budi Guntoro1*, Agung Triatmojo1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Nguyen Hoang Qui1 

... most farmers had a good knowledge of Anthrax and FMD. The risks analysis was performed by the great knowledge of farmers (65.7% and 77.9% respondents) to Anthrax and FMD and the dissemination of knowledge for FMD as well as a positive attitude for both Anthrax and FMD. However, the knowledge of Anthrax dissemination was risk (65.01% farmers had inapprop...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

... of pesticides with poor knowledge about pesticide handling, disposal, storage and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) during operation leads to health problems of human, increase resistance against pests with negative effects on the environment. The purpose of this survey was to check the knowledge about pesticide uses, risks and storage among farmers in Lahore division of Punjab, Pakistan. And, to get

Ying Liu1,2, Ji-Yong Fang2, Na Zheng3 and Hai-Long Wu1*

...utheastern China. To our knowledge, one species of the Seuratascaris genus, namely Seuratascaris numidica (Seurat, 1917) Sprent 1985, has so far been recorded. The morphology of S. schmackeri sp. nov. differs from that of S. numidica and exhibit a few unique characteristics, including more denticles in the lip, shorter intestinal caecum, longer spicular, more caudal papillae, and pre-, ad-, and post-cloacal caudal papillae pairs in the ratio of 3: 1: 6-7. BLAS...

Ahmad Noor and Malik Muhammad Shafi*

... government departments, knowledge institutions, stakeholders and political leadership to an attractive option of climate change adaptation for groundwater resources preservation at district Karak.

...

Isatay Tusupovich Jakupov, Gulzhan Tursunovna Yeszhanova, Gulnur Kurbanalievna Mamytbekova* 

...tained by us will expand knowledge in the field of veterinary phytopharmacology and help develop safe and effective measures for the treatment of postpartum diseases of cows.
 

...

Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2*, Mahreen ul Hassan3, Saiqa Andleeb1

... the participant’s knowledge about thalassemia. The third and fourth sections dealt with people’s perceptions and attitudes regarding thalassemia. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics was used to analyse the data. Approximately 75% of the participants (n = 1677) had heard of thalassemia. Around 48% of the people interviewed were unaware that one might be a thalassemia carrier. Only 5.3% of the participants strongly agreed t...

Ayoub Hadjeb1,2*, Ismahane Lebbouz3 and Yasmine Adjami4

...ol of this pest requires knowledge of the bio-ecology under the effect of various biotic and abiotic factors. This results will represent a fundamental data in mechanisms interpretation of variation in abundance of this pest.

...

Yingying Ye1, Chengrui Yan1, Kaida Xu2, Jiji Li1, Jing Miao1, Zhenming Lü1 and Baoying Guo1*

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

... review investigated new knowledge on several facets of the disorder, including its distribution, transmission, origin, pathophysiology, host vulnerability, diagnosis, preventiand therapeutic approaches.  Lumpy skin disease virus belongs to Poxviridae family and genus, Capripoxvirus. It cause acute to fatal infection in cattle. Lumpy skin disease results in loss of weight, infertility, abortion in cows and reduction in milk production. In this way this di...

Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2* 

...es to update the present knowledge. Methods: Rapid immune-chromatography and direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT) were applied to detect RABV antigens in the brain of rabid dog. Relevant reads from the Ion S5 sequencing system were assembled into a draft genome. The draft genome was analyzed, re-assembled, and compared to representative RABV genomes from Africa and the Middle East region. Results: The complete genome of 5EG-QH19 strain extends for 11919 nt ...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara1*, MB Hariyono1, Budi Hartono1, Hery Toiba2, Hamidah Nayati Utami3, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman2, Tina Sri Purwanti1

...ate the role of customer knowledge management (CKM) in achieving competitive advantage (CA) through innovation capability (IC) and the role of firm age as a moderator between IC and CA. This study uses a quantitative approach with Smart PLS 3.0 multivariate Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Data were collected from a survey with 210 business people selected using a purposive method. The first inclusion criterion is running a micro, small, or medium ent...

Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan and Abdul Rauf Shakoori*

... address the said gap in knowledge, first we have identified the TFs specific to IL-1β a key player in mediating inflammatory process using online databases. Next, we identified the interacting partners of the significantly differentially expressed TFs out of the selected ones, and the mRNA expression changes were studied for both the differentially expressed TF along with its interacting partners. Finally, we explored the expression of these genes from s...

Sumei Zeng and Yong Zhang*

...g technical and advanced knowledge in the production sectors is the basis of growth and development in the agricultural sector. The advent of Internet of Things (IOT) as an emerging digital technology has led to a new direction of innovative research in the field of animal husbandry. IOT technology has a variety of applications in the economic productivity of the livestock and poultry industry. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank IOT applications...

Feng-Yan Liu1,2,3, Ting Chen1,2,3, Yu-Hui Li1,2,3, Zheng Liu1,2,3, Jing-Jin Zheng1,2,3, You-Bang Li1,2,3* and Zhong-hao Huang1,2,3*

...he needs for the further knowledge on assessing the effects of tourism and provision on macaques’ management and conservation.

...

Sumaira Kousar* and Safdar Ali Shirazi

...forms into a symphony of knowledge and action orchestrated to better our shared terrestrial environment.

...

Nadeem Akmal1, Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Yousaf2, Waqar Akhtar1 and Hassnain Shah1

...rice farmers through the knowledge dissemination and service provision in the country for the mechanization of rice crop. In this article economic comparison of mechanical and conventional rice sowing methods in the rice-wheat cropping zone of the Punjab province has been made by applying economic analysis technique. As, Basmati-Super and Basmati- 386 are main rice varieties grown in the country. Thus, this study is based on data of 46 purposively selected far...

Olabode, H.O.K1, Mailafia, S1, Martha Echioda-Ogbole1*, Ameh, J.A1, Amadi, K.I1 and Meseko C.A

...f poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude and practice in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria. One hundred (100) blood samples collected randomly post slaughter from chickens in live bird markets were screened and characterized using Agar Gel Immuno Diffusion and Haemagglutination Inhibition Tests at the Avian Influenza laboratory, of the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom Plateau State. A structured Questionnaire was also administered to 50 poul...
Muhammad Abdul Mannan1,2, Sharmin Chowdhury2, Md Abul Hashem3,4 and Md. Hazzaz Bin Kabir1,5*
...ghlight the state of our knowledge on the spread of H. contortus parasite among small ruminants in Chattogram slaughterhouses.

...
Guo-Hai Wang1, Ji-Feng Long2, Li-Juan Wei3, Zhi Qin2, Wei Yao4, Chuang-Bin-Tang1* and Qi-Hai Zhou4*
...paia belangeri) overlap; knowledge on the coexistence mechanism of these animals in the karst habitat is also minimal. Herein, we used camera traps to collect photos and research the activity patterns by using kernel density estimation and coefficient of overlap to explore the animals’ time niche differentiation. Both species were found to be typical diurnal animals with two peaks in daily activity (red-bellied squirrels: 07:00-08:00 and 17:00-18:00; Nor...

Rini Widyastuti1*, Rangga Setiawan1, Nurcholidah Solihati1, Siti Darodjah1, Kundrat Hidajat1, Mochamad Ali Mauludin2, Alkaustariyah Lubis3, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna Syamsunarno4, Sigit Prastowo5, Takdir Saili6, Arief Boediono7

...behaviours, and existing knowledge about reproductive management practices in traditional dairy goat farming. The study were carried out among Simpay Tampomas Farmers Group in Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. The sample population consisted of thirty participants and the reproductive performance of 96 goats was investigated. Sociodemographic characteristics and reproductive knowledge of breeding were collected through questio...

Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna

...problems by distributing knowledge about good husbandry systems, providing capital to increase the scale of breeders’ businesses, providing good facilities and infrastructure for breeding in the Luak Sub-district. Farmers must focus more on their livestock business and increasing livestock productivity.
 
Keywords | Beef Cattle, Entreprises, Income, Rearing, System
...

Abdul Kabir1*, Anees Ur Rahman2, Inzamam Ali Shah2, Ibad ur Rahman2 

...w summarizes the current knowledge on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, and control of buffalopox, with emphasis on the interplay between buffaloes, humans, and vectors. The review also highlights the gaps in research and the need for improved surveillance, molecular characterization, and vaccine development for buffalopox.
 

...

Muhammad Luqman1*, Muhammad Talha Shoaib1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Umair Safdar2 and Hassan Raza2

...o their single crop. The knowledge level of the respondents was found to be highest regarding contaminate the soil and disturbs the soil fertility (x̅=3.7), effects of pesticides on human body (x̅=3.67), effects of pesticides on overall plant growth (x̅=3.67) and regular application of pesticides disturbs the pH of soil (x̅=3.64). Above 68% of respondents consider harmful impacts of pesticides on human health and 86% of respondents experienced ill heath sy...

Kanda Yanuar Muhamad1,3, Trioso Purnawarman2, Chaerul Basri2* 

...spread in Indonesia. The knowledge and awareness of importers and traders play a crucial role in mitigating the emergence of such potential risks. This research aimed to assess the level of knowledge among importers and sellers of reptiles concerning diseases that may be transmitted by these animals. A survey was conducted involving 113 employees working in reptile import and sales businesses all around Indonesia, utilizing ...

Danish Kamal2, Muhammad Abbass Khan1, Ghulam Mujtaba-Shah1, Naveed Ahmed1, Maryam Iqbal¹, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Imtiaz Ahmed1*

...n: justify;">The primary knowledge gap and problem statement for all tea varieties and clones in my study field relate to their morphological and anatomical features. Tea belongs to family Theaceae and Camellaceace. The experiment was carried out for the morphological, anatomical studies of tea varieties and clones grown at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute, Shinkari Mansehra. The field experiments were conduct in Randomized Complete Block D...

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...al youth as they acquire knowledge, skills, scientific and practical experience, adapt to the work environment, and develop the skills to work harmoniously with work colleagues. The researcher also recommends the need to conduct studies on the role of women in these small projects. 

...

Adnan I Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa Ali3 and Anwer T Gaffoori2

...nistrative capabilities, knowledge and skill capabilities, problem-solving ability, and adaptation). With the work environment, marketing capabilities, and the ability to create and excel), the study also aimed to identify the determinants that hinder work in agricultural projects. The number is (235) respondents distributed among (5) agricultural divisions, the descriptive approach was used as a method to achieve the objectives of the research. A questionnair...

Sharawil , S.S.A. and Abd El-Rahim2, I.H.A.•

...ineage IV. To the author knowledge, this is the first report describing the fusion protein (F) gene sequence, phylogenic analysis and -lineage typing of Egyptian isolates of PPRVs.

...

Alhudaib, Khalid

...d FMV were found. To our knowledge this is the first record and identification of FLMaV-1 and FMV in Saudi Arabia. Further studies are needed to investigate the fig mosaic disease throughout the country.

...

Qurat ul Ain1, Asifa Khan1*, Asia Riaz2 and Nazia Suleman

...ybird beetles are well acknowledged predators of soft bodied insect pests. Mass production of these beetles for biological control is widely practiced in the world against different insect pests. Many insects can modulate their life processes with respect to low temperatures and this attribute can wisely be used to increase their shelf life for mass rearing. The possibility of short-term storage for adults and larval stages of seven spotted ladybird beetle und...
Yongke Zhu1,2, Yun Fang1, Songhua Tang1, Yuan Gu3, Jinming Zhao4, Wolfgang Scherzinger5 and Yue-Hua Sun1*
...th America. However, the knowledge of the subspecies of boreal owl (A. f. beickianus) in the coniferous forests at high mountainous altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is still limited. We spent 10 years studying the breeding biology of A. f. beickianus in Lian Hua Shan Nature Reserve (Gansu Province), where we could first confirm the occurrence of this small forest dwelling owl in 1995. During breeding seasons (2003-2009, 2017-2019), we checked nest boxes a...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

...s and animals, we must acknowledge the significance of exercising prudence and accountability. As veterinary experts, it is therefore our responsibility to hold ourselves responsible for guaranteeing the security, precision, and dependability of any AI technologies we create or use. Effective outcomes in an area where data misunderstanding, even hostile misinterpretation, is commonplace depending on data transparency and use. The AI tools can be tricked by del...

Kouengoua Kouengoua Armelle Prudence1*, Yessinou Roland2, Nankam Chimi Roland1, Fotsac Dzousse Muller1, Kouam Alain1, Djuikwo Felicite1, Facho Balaam1, Awah Ndukum Julius3, Farougou Souaibou2 

...esearches to improve the knowledge on the status of bovine tuberculosis in wildlife in Africa are still needed in order to allow proper disease monitoring in wildlife-cattle and human.
 

...

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

...sociation with a lack of knowledge of infection suggests the need to strengthen awareness programs on infection and control strategies in the area.

...

Phoebe Lyndia Tolentino Llantada1,2*, Midori Umekawa2, Shuichi Karita2

...in this region. However, knowledge and studies on bacterial communities across the GIT are very limited. Most researches only focus on the rumen or the hindgut. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the bacterial microbiota in three gut regions (foregut: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum; midgut: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and hindgut: cecum, colon, rectum) of two riverine type buffaloes using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) me...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1&2* & ZULFIQAR ALI 2

.... Deficiency of relevant knowledge regarding asthma medication has been associated due to a misunderstanding with dietary habits and inhalers use.

...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...is study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Dilruba Akter Mir1, Md. Sahidul Islam¹*, Mosammat Mahamuda Khatun1, Sharmin Zaman1, Bidyut Matubber², Nazmin Sultana Runa3, Zannatul Ferdous3, Tithe Saha3, Md. Anwar Jahid4  

...is study helps to fill a knowledge gap in the prevalence and distribution of NDV in the Barishal district of Bangladesh, provides a framework for future longitudinal research on NDV risk, and may help to formulate appropriate disease control strategies for commercial chickens.  

...

Nadia Kèmi Assana Chabi1, Gildas Codjo Tchemadon1,2*, Olaïgbé Lydie Hounkpatin3, Paul Kouété Jimmy4 and Leonard Antoine Chaffara Afouda1

... evaluate farmers’ knowledge and perception of viral diseases that can affect sweetpotato, as well as the control strategies used to manage them. A semi-structured survey was conducted in March and October 2022 among 156 sweetpotato farmers in 11 townships in agro-ecological zones (AEZ) II, VI and VIII of Benin. Among the respondents, 96.3% do not recognize symptoms of sweetpotato viral diseases, although 81.4% observe these symptoms in their fields with...

Iqra Munir*, Farrah Iftikhar, Hira Fatima, Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari and Roha Ramash

...er the native indigenous knowledge about therapeutic uses of medicinal plants in Mandi Bahauddin, District Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnomedicinal information was collected using surveys and personal interviews with local inhabitants, involving 30 males and 20 females across a wide range of age groups ranging from 25 to 80 years. The participants also included traditional practitioners of herbal medicines, known as ‘tabibs’ and ‘hakims. Hous...

Gulwaiz Akhter1* and Tabreiz Ahmad Khan

...bsence of farmers’ knowledge of
problem and lack of effective management programmes.
...

Syed Awais Hussain Shah1*and Rizwan Ali2 2

...n of folk Ethnomedicinal knowledge from District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan, we have surveyed various areas of Kotli and gathered information from the habitants by personal interviews, discussion and also by questionnaires. Plant specimens were also collected from the fields of different selected areas in different seasons of the year. Their medicinal uses and taxonomically confirmed with the help of available literature. The duration of this resea...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...idence level and limited knowledge of their epidemiological features. Advanced accessibility and a simple application process for chemical control systems have made it practical and widely accepted. In the present study, ten different fungicides viz., Shincar, Antracol, Alliete, Ridomil Gold, Moncut, Systhane, Kocide, Evito, Nativo, and Topsin M at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm concentrations were tested in in vitro by poisoned food method against Rhizocton...

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...th the aim of increasing knowledge about deaths. The method is based on a standardized, systematic approach to opening and photo documenting dead cattle on farm. Images are sent to a bovine practitioner, experienced in interpreting gross lesions, for analysis. In this pilot study, education and training sessions on the RDN method were administered to veterinarians. After the training sessions, the participants performed 15 RDNs. Subsequently, interviews were c...

Abdul Rahman Sesay1,2, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1*, Faisal Ramzan1 and Faisal Saeed Awan3

...can provide foundational knowledge that can be used effectively to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms controlling these traits in Sahiwal cattle.

...

Yasameen Waleed Al-Abedi1, Murtadha Kadhim Hasan2*, Alaa Abdalhadi Halboti3, Ali Abdulhussein Saleh Alsaeedi3, Rafed Abbas Kadhum1

... it enriches the body of knowledge concerning the application of CRISPR-Cas in valuable discoveries in biotechnology and medicine.

...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
...in the country should be knowledgeable about the potential benefits of agroforestry systems. They should work to make the system's development economically and environmentally beneficial for farmers worldwide. The agroforestry system has the potential to give a faster rate of tree farm increment in accordance with forest policies for the sustainable livelihood of the farmers, thereby increasing the global tree cover areas relative to total geographic regions. ...
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
...ting their self with the knowledge of climate change and make the people responsible for contributing to the process to help in mitigation and adaptation. 100% respondents were of the view that governments has not taken serious steps in handling the issue of climate change. Therefore, 58% suggested that the government should prioritize different issues to address and neutralize damaging effects of climate change. The respondents were of the opinion that govern...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Hassan Sher2, Junaid Khan2, Shahid Hussain2, Ashfaq Ali2 and Atif Majeed3
...views were arranged with knowledgeable persons and for validation purpose field visits were arranged. Data about conservation status was obtained through quadrate method. The study reported 40 herbaceous medicinal plants belonging to 33 different angiosperm families used by local people to cure different ailments. Lamiaceae was represented by maximum number of 6 species followed by Apiaceae and Solancaceae represented by 4 species each. Alliaceae was represent...
Ahmed Zamir, Muhammad Waqas Khan and Saeed Anwar Wazir
... document the indigenous knowledge of use of important medicinal plants and problems regarding conservation of medicinal plants....
Alam Zeb, Fawad Habib, Sajid and Tilawat Khan
...on, planting experience, knowledge of silviculture of poplar and commercialistic nature of respondents. The Net Incomes (NIs) calculated per Avenue Kilometer of poplar plantation were (Rs.301838), (246622) and (Rs.164890) for Owners, Owner cum Tenants and Tenants respectively. Similarly their calculated Net Present Values (NPVs) at interest rate of 12% were Rs.171499, Rs.140127 and Rs.93688 in the above shown order of tenurial classes. Benefit Cost Ratios (BCR...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
...ley use their endogenous knowledge for collection, drying, packing and marketing. Questionnaire of standard questions was designed and data regarding five years back record, recent information on collection in the beginning of summer season and at the end of summer season was investigated and asked about the total quantity of morels (Species wise) collected from the study area. The local people use traditional techniques of collection, drying, storing and pack...
Farah Samuel and Syed Kamran Hussain
...quired to promote useful knowledge in the conservation of River Kabul ecosystem. Key words: River Kabul; Hunting; Poaching; Fish species; Migratory Birds; Freshwater turtles...
Saif-ur-Rehman Saif Abbasi & Saeed Akbar
...ion, based on indigenous knowledge, has reduced household expenses on one hand but has also put tremendous pressure on forest vegetation on the other hand. There is need to create awareness on sustainable forest resource management and also provide job opportunities and other alternate facilities which lessen their dependence on forest vegetation.

Key words: Forests, livelihoods, Rural Communities, Margalla Hills, Pakistan.

...
Asad Ullah, Abdur Rashid and Sher Aman
... out to analyze the folk knowledge of the inhabitants about the Tree species of the area. Twenty tree species belonging to eleven families and nineteen genera viz. Abies pindrow, Acer caesium, Aesculus indica, Betula utilis, Cedrus deodara, Corylus colurna, Crataegus songarica, Ficus carica, Juglans regia, Malus pumila, Morus alba, Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana, Populus alba, Punica granatum, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus domestica, Pyrus communis, Quercus ...
Hassan Sher, Midrarullah, A. U. Khan, Z. U. Khan, Farrukh Hussain and Siraj Ahmad
...ed for each species from knowledgeable and experienced persons of the area. Further study is recommended to find out the availability of economical important medicinal and aromatic plants of the area and suggest their conservation with the involvement of local people....
M. Muhammad Rafi
...rst ten years sufficient knowledge has been gained to enable us to extend scientific range management to other areas. The results of range improvement studies have been indicated. Complete protection from grazing for a minimum period of five years seems to be essential to enable the area to allow proper grazing management. '"Pitting of flat land has proved to be useful. The provision of stock water and supplemental feed and protection from inclement weather an...
Bashir Ahmad
...aximum economic benefit, knowledge about cost of production and returns from forest products is needed to make appropriate production decisions. Unfortunately, such information is totally missing about various forest trees in the Azad Jammu and Kashmir, where forests occupies about 27.1 percent of total area of 1.33 million hectares (Forestry Sector Master Plan)....
K. M. Siddiqui
...se in population. Their knowledge and experience was confined to large forests and plantations on state lands. Therefore, the situation has not changed much over the years and deforestation of tropical forests is continued on large areas all over the world. According to FAO's recent estimates, the forests in tropical countries are presently disappearing at a rate of 1.2 percent or almost 17 million hectares a year due mainly population growth and pove...
K. M. Siddiqui
...industry due to lack of knowledge of modern and scientific techniques for production of commercial silk seed, absence of adequate mulberry plantations, non-existence of local training facilities and constraints in processing and marketing of silk cocoons and raw silk. The prices of cocoons also fluctuate considerably from year to year, thus adversely affecting economic returns to the farmers....
K.M. Siddiqui and M. Saleem Khattak

Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq

...study identifies limited knowledge and skills, market access and limited resources as major challenges in implementing crop management practices. The results of a regression analysis also stated that age, years of experience and field of specialization significantly influence expertise in crop management, while the impact of education is practically negligible. It is concluded that the expertise of EFS in crop management significantly improves agricultural pro...
Naveed Hussain1*, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood2, Muhammad Yasin Tipu3, Mamoona Chaudhry4, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Haroon Akbar5 and Abdul Aziz6
...s must have contemporary knowledge regarding autogenous grafts and orthobiologics, so they can utilize them correctly.

...

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

... in modern oncology. The knowledge about cancer and immunotherapy also creates the doors leading us to the mechanism of the development of cancer cells as well as the immune system that can kill the cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitors, the main pillars of the immunotherapy, are explored in a detailed manner taking into account some of the most important checkpoint pathways and their clinical implications. Next-generation checkpoint inhibitor is the same thing ...
Qurat-ul-Ain Ijaz1, Amna Sulaman1, Dost Muhammad Baloch2, Muhammad Shafi2, Faiz Muhammad1* and Shahnaz Rashid1
...m tentorriformis). T our knowledge among them three are news records (A. tentoriiformes, Ischnochiton australis and, Nerita tristis). The highest evolutionary divergence within the family of Nacellidae (0.917) followed by Turbinidae (0.169) and Neritidae (0.100) was noted. The results of this study will be helpful to taxonomists because meager attention was given to molecular- based identification from this region.

...

Anom Yusuf Tri Bambang Susilo1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra3, Ali Agus1*

...amics and limitations in knowledge within the field. In this case, a bibliometric analysis was conducted on the cage-free housing system in laying hens using the database Scopus and the R package Bibliometrix. Based on the findings, a total of 900 were collected, which included 799 research articles, 48 conference papers, and 54 review papers. These publications spanned from 1960 to 2023, showcasing a notable 7.14% annual growth in the number of published work...

Bilal Ahmed1, Asep Setiaji1*, Lisa Praharani4, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4,5,6,7, Windu Negara2, Azhar Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Hamza Zulfiqar1, Alina Munawar8

...hich demands an in-depth knowledge of influencing aspects. One of the dietary aspect involves Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast that improves nutrient digestibility and milk yield. This meta-analysis, encompassing 44 research studies and 59 comparisons, investigates the link between Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation and milk yield in Holstein, Holstein-Friesian, and Holstein-Friesian x Thai Native cattle. Key factors such as milk yield, breed, and Sacch...

Barkat Ullah Khan*, Ayaz Ahmad, Ashar Farooq, Muhammad Bilal Zia, Hammad-Ud-Din and Muhammad Atif Majeed

...Pakhtunkhwa. The study acknowledges limitations, including reliance on GBIF data, potential data quality issues, and incomplete coverage of occurrences. To overcome these limitations, future research is recommended to incorporate additional data sources, conduct spatial and temporal analyses, implement data validation protocols, focus on species-specific investigations, and integrate contextual information.

...

Murad Muhammad1,2,3*, Shahid Ullah1, Nimrah Ameen4, Abdul Wahab3,5, Abdul Basit6, Muqadas Batool7, Muhammad Nazim2,3 and Haroon Khan

...ield survey, traditional knowledge and the ethnobotanical relevance of seasonal weeds were collected. A total of 65 species from 24 families were recorded across the four different seasons (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) in 2021–2023, including 54 angiosperms, 10 tracheophytes, and one pteridophyte. The dominant family was Poaceae (25%), followed by Asteraceae (15%) and Asclepiadaceae (2%). Given the essential roles that these weed species play in m...

Norsida Man1*, Shin Yee Siaw2, Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf2 and Siti Azizah3

...e latest information and knowledge, funds, regulating drug prices, regularly visiting farmers’ ranches, and identifying farmers’ needs and expectations as a roadmap for developing this sector to make it more appealing to join and a viable investment venture.

...

Mohammed Nasir Uddin1, Maimona Monir Jhilam1, Most Zannatun Nahar Mukta1, Zujaja Wahaj2, Mohammad Maruf Hasan1* and Samiha Khan3

...‘lack of technical knowledge’. It is recommended that necessary steps, such as providing credit and training, to resolve these problems should be taken to ensure an improved quality of life for wetland farmers.

...

Fasih Ullah Haider1,2, Sardar Alam Cheema1and Muhammad Farooq1,3

...g systems due to lack of knowledge about these crops. According to Daily Times, in Pakistan soil erosion is 20% and organic matter is less than 1%. So, cultivation of cover crops helps to minimize the adverse effect of erosion and enhances the organic matter content in soil. Cover crops may decline the yields but cover crops are one of the steps that leads to a sustainable or conservation agriculture.

...

Mushtaq Ahmad1, Hikmat Ullah Jan2, Kanwal Raina3, Nazara Shafiq3, Syed Mukarram Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim4, Shaha Buddin1 and Gulnaz Parveen3*

... to document traditional knowledge on weed species in maize and wheat crops. A semi-structured questionnaire along with group discussion and interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical data. A total of 93 weed species were collected from wheat and maize crops which belonged to 31 families and 77 genera. Among these 31 families 29 families were of Dicots and only 2 families were of monocots. The 71 (76%) species collected were dicots whereas, 22 (24%) species...

Iqra Almas, Samia Afzal*, Muhammad Idrees, Muhammad Shahid, Iram Amin and Kausar Malik

...This case study provides knowledge about genetic variations that contributes to the improved diagnosis of the infection, treatment therapy, follow-up, and future treatment strategies.

...

Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Hafiz Ullah Khan

...lack of water management knowledge, poor access to water resources, poor coping strategies, and lack of fertilizers and pesticides. On the other hand, union councils Hayaseri and Tormang were found with very low agricultural water poverty with an Overall AWPI Rank of 1 each. Out of 35 UCs of Dir Lower, 12 have moderate, 11 have high, 9 have very high, 1 has low and 2 UCs have very low AWPI. This study anticipates strengthening the concepts of agricultural wate...

Heba El-Sayed Mostafa1,2*, Lama Sulaiman Alahmadi1, Shiyma Abullah Alrahule1, Nada Fareed Alzughaibi1, Hala Rafat Zulali1, Yasmin Islam Magdi3, Saada Saad Alharbi1

 
...timate the prevalence of knowledge and identify the attitudes and beliefs among male and female students. To explore the possible solutions for these gaps of knowledge and areas to recommend these solutions to the concerned authorities. An observational cross-sectional study. This study was conducted at health colleges in Saudi Arabia. Telephone/face-to-face questionnaires were collected by data collectors using multistage a...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara*, Tina Sri Purwanti, Budi Hartono, Awang Tri Satria, Izdihar Ratnaduhita Hidayat

...less convenient. Product knowledge positively influences consumer attitudes, indicating that providing detailed product information can improve consumer perception and behavior. Furthermore, positive consumer behavior attitudes significantly impact the likelihood of repurchasing UHT milk products at Prima Freshmart ETC Brawijaya, emphasizing the importance of maintaining favorable consumer perceptions. These findings suggest that there is a need to emphasize h...

Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3

... getting to agricultural knowledge, featuring the need to upgrade knowledge providers, fortify linkages among establishments, and give skill-based training. The research underscores the meaning of creating Agricultural Information Resource Focuses with general media resources and emphasizes the significance of training agricultural information providers in taking care of and transferring knowledge

Fahad A. Alshanbari1, Abdelrahman M. A. Elseory2,3* 

...eview highlights current knowledge of SCNT in the species, limitations of the technique, and possible usage of genetic engineering (GE) technology in the dromedary camel. 

...

Samah Abou Asa1, Omnia Tag2 and Walid Elmonir2*

...fish meat quality. Also, knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) related to fish-borne parasitic zoonoses among 100 residents in Kafrelsheikh Governorate were also investigated. The overall prevalence of EMC infection in examined fish was 32% (32/100): 44% (22/50) in mullet and 20% (10/50) in tilapia fish samples. The EMC were 3 times more likely detected in mullet fish compared to tilapia fish (OR= 3.1, P= 0.01). The heterophyids EMC were molecularly confirm...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...olization, and technical knowledge gaps. The amalgamation of government subsidies, localized technology production, and the provision of training facilities can be instrumental in enabling farmers to overcome the obstacles. The application of DT is limited in monitoring animal behavior and farm environment. However, DT technology has the potential for broader use, such as predicting growth, feed consumption, and improving the supply chain. Although these new a...

Walid Elmonir1*, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Tayel2, Suzan Abdelbaky Kotb1 and Wael Fawzy El-Tras2

...onmental samples. To our knowledge, this is the first molecular detection of T. gondii oocysts in vegetables, and fruits in Egypt. Awareness of public and health professionals about these neglected vehicles of toxoplasmosis is urgently required.

...

Asim Karim*, Anwar Ali, Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif and Wadood Shah

...ine the present level of knowledge about the origin and use of paulownia trees, especially in European countries where paulownia has just recently been introduced. Numerous studies on paulownia hybrids have demonstrated how the local environment and climatic circumstances significantly affect the growth value of individual clones. This difference is not only related to the development of the growth-related features, but also to the properties of the wood and t...

Talha Shafique1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2, Haseeb Ahmed Lalika4, Malik Abd-ur-Rehman5, Atta ur Rehman2, Muhammad Irfan Zafar6 and Farwa Seemab2

... to the existing body of knowledge by presenting novel insights into the geographical and varietal differences in CTV impact, paving the way for future studies and interventions.

...

Mohsin Raza1, Zeshan Hussain2, Fazil Abbas2, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf3, Hadj Henni Imene4 and Talha Riaz5

...t viral infections. This knowledge is critical for facilitating the safe transfer of potato germplasm globally, in response to increasing concerns from national quarantine agencies.

...

Hosts and Viruses

December

Vol.11, Pages 01-115

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