Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
...er study is required for optimization of fish oil level and replacement of FO with vegetative oils.
... 
Mahmoud Said1*, Abd El Satar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2* and Hussein A. Hussein2
...untry or region specific optimization of vaccination schedules for viral infections to obtain optimized vaccine-induced protections....
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
Furqan Sabir1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Bushra Muneer2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Sehrish Firyal1
...t protein as 70 kDa. The optimization studies demonstrated the maximal production of recombinant phytase, when the recombinant cells were induced with 1.4 mM IPTG with the post induction time of 6 hours. PHYTN showed maximal activity at 80°C in 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 6. Presence of Fe3+ or Cu2+ showed an enhancing effect on the PHYTN activity. Thermostability studies demonstrated that PHYTN ret...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...esent study includes the optimization of dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment of peanut shells as substrate for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for pretreatmen...
Farah Rauf Shakoori, Momina Shokat, Faiza Saleem and Tanzeela Riaz
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Bo Wu1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,7, Yan Zhao1, Bin Jiang1, Chengjun Xue3, Muhammad Tariq Javed6, Fazul Nabi2, Zhaoqing Han5,* and Houqiang Luo4,*
...and immunization program optimization of serotype O of FMD through ELISA and IHA in pigs in Zhejiang. A total of 368 serum samples were collected from June to July in 2016. Out of these samples, 23 (6.79%, 95% CI 4.4-9.9) pigs were found positive for FMD antibodies with the further distribution of 9.09% (95% CI 4.6–15.7), 6.90% (95% CI 2.6–14.4), 5.49%, (95% CI 1.8-12.4) and 4.35% (95% CI 0.9-12.2) from Wenzhou, Lishui, Jinhua and Ningbo counties, ...
Tahira Jamil*1, Mohammad Asghar1, Fatma Husain1, Haq Nawaz Bhatti2
Mohsin Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan*2, Asad-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Nadeem3, Zile Huma3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Quratulain Syed3
Optimization of medium and substrate for CMCase production by Bacillus subtilis-BS06 in submerged fermentation and its applications in saccharification
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
Muhammad Aslam Rajput1,3, Imtiaz Ahmed Khan2, Rehana Naz Syed3 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi3*
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
...es has been described by optimization of various parameters of overlap extension PCR. The fusion of IFNα2b gene to the gene of human latency associated protein with insertion of HCV NS3 protease cleavage site at splicing junction is reported.
...
Sadaf Rahim and Mudassar Iqbal*
... selected for its growth optimization conditions and extraction of insecticidal compounds effective against two major insects pests including Diuraphis noxia and Tribolium castaneum. The pure fungal strain of Trichoderma was grown using two different nutrient media including Glucose Peptone Yeast Broth (GPYB) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and the effect of organic extract was investigated against selected insects’ pest. From this study it was found tha...
Azeem Haider1, Muhammad Mohsin Alam2*, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
Tanzeela Riaz, Fiza Sana-Ullah Khan, Farah Rauf Shakoori
...ere further selected for optimization of cultural conditions for mannanase production. They all produced maximum mannanase units in M1 medium after incubation of 48 hours. The MBL-CW01 was best mannanase producer at 35oC, pH 6.0 at 1% substrate concentration while MBL-GN02 produced maximum enzyme at 35oC, pH 4.0 with 0.5% substrate concentration. The MBL-SP02 produced maximum enzyme at 45oC, pH 7.0 with 2.0% substrate concentra...
Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah3
Sikander Ali* and S. Wajiha Khalid
...esent work describes the optimization of process parameters for the enhanced production of a novel fungal exo-inulinase under liquid culture. Different fungal cultures were isolated and collected from various localities of Lahore and Murree (Punjab, Pakistan). Screening of these cultures was carried out in chemically defined medium i.e., 0.5 g/l (NH4)2SO4, 3 g/l KH2PO4, 1.5 g/l NaNO3, 0.01 g/l M...
Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain
Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza1
Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Syed Athar Masood1
PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
...tion and
resource optimization to enhance productivity and output as compared to private sector organizations which focus
on cost minimization and profit maximization....
resource optimization to enhance productivity and output as compared to private sector organizations which focus
on cost minimization and profit maximization....
Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1
CYCLE TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPERFECT MANUFACTURING SETUP FOCUSING WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
...ion. However, cycle time optimization has been ignored relatively when processes are imperfect
and inspection as a process is considered. Furthermore, the role of work-in-process inventory with respect to cycle
time has always been significant. Hence, this paper integrates work-in-process inventory and imperfect production
setup in order to optimize cycle time based on average cost minimization. A mathematical model is developed that
...
and inspection as a process is considered. Furthermore, the role of work-in-process inventory with respect to cycle
time has always been significant. Hence, this paper integrates work-in-process inventory and imperfect production
setup in order to optimize cycle time based on average cost minimization. A mathematical model is developed that
...
Muhammad Ibrahim1, ShahidMaqsood1, Rafiullah Khan2, Muhammad Amjad2, SakhiJaan2
OPTIMIZATION OF GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PARAMETERS ON PENETRATION DEPTH AND BEAD WIDTH USING TAGUCHI METHOD
...ive of this paper is the optimization of the gas tungsten arc welding parameters on penetration depth
and bead width. Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was used for the design of experiments. Welding experiments were
performed on stainless steel specimens. Pilot experimentations were conducting to define the range of variables.
Optimal parameters were determined through signal to noise (S/N) ratio approach. Significant factors have been
...
and bead width. Taguchi L25 orthogonal array was used for the design of experiments. Welding experiments were
performed on stainless steel specimens. Pilot experimentations were conducting to define the range of variables.
Optimal parameters were determined through signal to noise (S/N) ratio approach. Significant factors have been
...
Salman Saeed*, Akhtar Naeem Khan**, Rashid Rehan*, Sikandar Hayat Sajid**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam*, Khan Shahzada**
COST AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST POST TENSIONED PRE-STRESSED GIRDER BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES
... at cost and performance optimization of pre-stressed
concrete girder bridges using a parametric study of the design variables and their effects on cost and performance
of the bridge. A spreadsheet is developed for analysis and design of deck slab and girders using one dimensional
beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the
bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet ...
concrete girder bridges using a parametric study of the design variables and their effects on cost and performance
of the bridge. A spreadsheet is developed for analysis and design of deck slab and girders using one dimensional
beam line analysis and AASHTO LRFD distribution factors. The spread sheet also calculates the overall cost of the
bridge superstructure. This spreadsheet ...
Suhaib*, Shahid Maqsood*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz*, Iftikhar Hussain*, Abdul Shakoor**, Khizar Azam**
SINGLE FACILITY LOCATION SELECTIONPROBLEM FOR A PAKISTAN BASED ICE CREAM COMPANY: A CASE STUDY
...
The facility location optimization problems are economically justifiable and play a critical role in reducing the overall
running cost. An optimal facility location is directly proportional to traveling cost between facility and destinations. In
past decade, extensive research has beencarried out in this field. Most of the facility location optimization techniques
provide optimum or near optimumsoluti...
Mujahid Badshah, Saeed Badshah, Sakhi Jan
HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...tion with pattern search optimization algorithm embedded in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) tool HARP_Opt was used to design a horizontal axis tidal current turbine (HATCT). The numerical method was validated with the experimental data and a good agreement was achieved. The designed turbine has a 3 bladed rotor of 4 meters diameter and rated mechanical power of 20 kW. Performance metrics of the rotor for steady and uniform flow was simulated at...
Mujahid Badshah*1, Saeed Badshah1, Sakhi Jan1
HYDRODYNAMIC DESIGN OF TIDAL CURRENT TURBINE AND THE EFFECT OF SOLIDITY ON PERFORMANCE
...tion with pattern search optimization algorithm embedded
in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) tool HARP_Opt was used to design a horizontal axis tidal
current turbine (HATCT). The numerical method was validated with the experimental data and a good agreement
was achieved. The designed turbine has a 3 bladed rotor of 4 meters diameter and rated mechanical power of 20
kW. Performance metrics of the roto...
Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*
CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...meter analysis. Grinding optimization study of the host rock using rod mill was also done. Whiteness of original talc carbonate rock and its magnetic content was also determined. The investigations reveal that talc content in the talc carbonate rock ra...
Muhammad Khurram Ali*, Raft Javed Qureshi**, Mirza Jahanzaib***
SELECTING FACILITY LOCATION USING HYBRID METHODOLOGIES IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF CEMENT PLANT
...selecting an appropriate optimization methodology,- compatible to the said problem. This paper addresses a real world case study of the problem of selecting a country best suitable for a new cement plant installation among the list offour alternatives....
Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*
A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...ntroller. Particle swarm optimization method is utilized for its better convergence and precision. The technique results in evaluation of appropriate gains that result in superior performance of the designed system. The models are compared on the basis of suspension displacement and tire displacement for ascertaining ride comfort and road handling attributes respectively.
...
Qazi Salman Khalid1, Muhammad Abas1, Mudassar Rauf2, Mirza Jahanzaib2, Shahid Maqsood1
HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM- A CASE STUDY
... a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to achieve an optimize sequence. The PSO is integrated with NEH algorithm to achieve an optimal sequence faster. A mathematical model is presented to evaluate two conflicting performance measures; minimization of work in process (WIP) and maximization of average machine cell utilization. Implementation of proposed algorithm had increased the utilization from 65% to 82 % while minimized the WIP t...
Shakir Azim1*, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1, Qazi Salman Khalid1, Tufail Habib1, Usman Ghani2
SETTING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND EFFECT OF MOULD QUALITY ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF PHARMACEUTICAL CUP OF POLYPROPYLENE
...extreme. The setting and optimization of key process parameters are acknowledged as important means to deal with liven up the quality of the molded items. Inappropriate or unseemly settings of parameters normally create quality and production issues. Minute changes of significant molding parameters may give an extensive effect to the plastic product’s characteristics and this research paper is also anticipated to lend a hand to the
Asad Naeem Shah1,2, GE Yun-shan1, HE Chao1,3
MACROSCOPIC SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF DIESEL AND BIODIESEL-DIESEL BLEND: AN EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON
...emissions and efficiency optimization. This paper investigates the effect of injection duration and ambient pressure on spray development, spray tip penetration (L) and cone angle (β) of biodiesel-diesel (20%/80%: v/v) blend (B20) and diesel, and hence compares the quality of the fuels. Both ‘L’ and ‘β’ play a key role in the fuel evaporation and mixing of fuel with air in the combustion chamber. It was found th...
Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6
GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
...lve multi-objective optimization problems. Generators maintenance schedules (GMS) play the most significant role for the economical and reliable operation of a power production system. This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concep...
Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***
DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...ed and a multi-objective optimization problem is solved using LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) formulation. Fast output feedback gains are computed using LMI tool for MATLAB. An advanced fast output sampling controller is evaluated for power maneuvering from 270 MWth to 310 MWth on the nuclear power plant in Pakistan and found highly efficient and satisfactory within the control design constraints.
...
Tehmina Aslam, Shagufta Saeed*, Muhammed Tayyab, Huma Mujahid, Ali Raza Awan, Sehrish Firyal and AbuSaeed Hashmi
...cter vinelandii. The optimization of different carbon sources and various physical parameters was also performed. Highest yield of PHB was obtained by fermentation of 4% (w/v) wheat bran after 48 h of incubation with 4% (v/v) inoculum volume at pH 7.0 and 37oC. Among different nitrogen sources tested, 0.2% peptone gave the better yield (285 mg/100 mL), while yeast extract decreased the amount of PHB. The outcomes of the present data indicate tha...
Aribah Naz1*, Uzma Badar1,Afsheen Arif2*, Zaid Qureshi1, Sondas Saeed1,Erum Shoeb1, Maqsood Ali Ansari1 and Obaid Yusuf Khan1
...h.Isolation, temperature optimization for growth and luminescence, growth curve, MTC for heavy metals and antibiotics were determined. Morphological, Biochemical and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing have been done for the identification of the strain. 16S region was amplified by PCR and subjected to DNA sequencing. The sequence data analysis of the isolated strain showed 98% homology with Vibrio harveyi species. The sequence obtained has been su...
Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5
Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
... indicating the need for optimization of fertilization programs. This 2-years study was performed to investigate the influence of different strategies related to NPK fertilization timing viz. T1 (control, no NPK application), T2 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T3 (½ PK at sowing, ½ NPK at tillering and ½ N at booting), T4 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at sowing and ½ at tillering), T5 (all PK at ...
Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2
Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...development partners and optimization of the use indigenous mitigation strategies for climate change. The review recommends that essential strategies that must be in-cooperated in the extension service delivery in Nigeria should include adoption of new scenario thinking in communicating resilience building, establishment of emergency management unit by the agency, encouraging the involvement of the private sector in the extension service, transferring of resea...
Muhammad Riaz Gondal1*, Sultan Ahmad Rizvi1, Aaqib Riaz2, Waqas Naseem1, Ghulam Muhammad1, Mazher Iqbal3, Humara Umer3 and Inam ul Haq3
Apposite Sowing Techniques to Optimize Productivity and Profitability of Berseem
...ate sowing technique for optimization of fodder and seed yield as well as to maximize the net return. The experiment was conducted using five sowing techniques viz., broadcast, different row sowing with spacing of 15 cm, 30 cm, 45 cm and 60 cm. Sowing was done during first week of October during each year using seed of new berseem cultivar “Punjab Berseem” at rate of 20 kg ha-1. All fodder parameters of each of four cuts and seed yield on harvestin...
Shakeel Ahmed Soomro1,2, Sikandar Almani3, Lal Bux4, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto2, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Farman Ali Chandio2, Shakeel Hussain Chattha2, Zaheer Ahmed Khan2, Zubair Ahmed Soomro5,Babar Mustafa Ansari6 and Kunjie Chen1*
Syed Mazuan, Syed Mohamed, Insyirah Ishak, Dzolkhifli Omar and Norhayu Asib*
Md. Alal Hossen1, Mohammad Amzad Hossain1*, A.K.M. Munzurul Hasan1,2, Bipresh Das1, Sohel Mian1, Mohammed Mahbub Iqbal1
...proach. The S-GnRHa dose optimization and embryonic-larval development study were conducted in a freshwater condition in order specify optimal dose of synthetic hormones in induced breeding. The synthetic GnRHa was used as induction agent where male injected half of the doses of female and a control without S-GnRHa was assigned. The stages of embryonic development were observed under a photomicroscope. Average fertilization and hatching rates varied from 74.33...
Samra Aftab1, Saleem Ullah1 and Farida Anjum2*
... sugarcane bagasse). The optimization of incubation time and temperature showed 72 hrs of incubation time and tempreture of 50 °C was best for cellulose degradation. From the data, it was concluded that Trichoderma sp. among microbes, HCl in acid and NaOH in bases were best for cellulose hydrolysis in samples while, incubation of 72 hrs at 50 °C showed higher cellulose degradation rate....
Lala Rukh1, Muhammad Nadeem1, Tusneem Kausar1, Mian Anjum Murtaza1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Muhammad Bilal Shahid1 and Amal Shaukat3
...ulated after ingredients optimization and were analyzed for physico-chemical, in-vitro starch and protein digestibility, antioxidants and microbial count. Results showed that date bars are rich source of protein, fiber, carbohydrates and fat with good digestibility properties. Date pit powder and soy protein isolate incorporation enhanced the total antioxidants and DPPH activity in soy date bars however, decreasing trend was observed in total antioxidants and ...
Ibadullah Jan1*, Iqbal Munir2, Inamullah Khan3, Syed Muhammad Suhail4 and Aqib Iqbal2
...ever, needs further lead optimization through computational predictions, and using suitable animal models to address its pharmacokinetic behaviour and to improve its therapeutic efficacy and potency by enhancing its binding affinity against multiple target proteins. It must also be screened for long-term toxicological and side effects to further investigate its safety profile....
Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Azhar Iqbal2, Inam Ul Haq1*, Muhammad Ramzan Anser2, Humara Umar2 and Muhammad Ashraf Sumrah2
...on technology concerning optimization of light intensity under greenhouse conditions. The current study was conducted at Izhar farms (Pvt.) Ltd. under the collaboration with Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Chakwal to find out the appropriate light intensity for successful olive propagation under greenhouse conditions. The data regarding days to root initiation, number of roots, root length, days to shifting, rooted cutting percentage and callus p...
Amjed Ali1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Sehrish Firyal1, Abu Saeed Hashmi2, Asif Nadeem3, Shagufta Saeed1, Ali Raza Awan1 and Muhammad Wasim1
...rent work deals with the optimization of conditions for higher level production of recombinant β-lactamase from Bacillus subtilis R5. Supplementation of LB medium with various carbon sources including wheat bran, rice bran and molasses could increase the enzyme production from 25 to 43.7, 44.3 and 49 µmole/min whereas the nitrogen sources including tryptone, peptone and yeast extract could enhance the enzyme production from 25 to 40.21, 41 an...
Farah Deeba1, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Khan1 and Javed Iqbal Qazi1*
...f medium components. The optimization of concentration of significantly impacted medium components for chitinase production was carried out using central composite design of response surface methodology. The maximum chitinase production was achieved employing 5% chitin, 0.5% rice straw, 0.05% peptone, 0.02% CaCl2, and 0.05% yeast extract. The utilization of agro-industrial waste (rice straw) not only decrease the production costs of microbial chitin...
Najeeb Ullah1*, Muhammad Nadeem2, Malik Mujaddad-ur-Rehman1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Yasir Arfat3
...ction was observed after optimization at these optimal conditions. All these results indicated that skin waste from leather industry can be exploited as a potential substrate for alkaline protease production at optimized conditions by Bacillus sp.
Novelty Statement | In present research work industrial skin waste obtained from the local leather industry was exploited as substrate for alkaline pr...
Ali Zohaib*, Muzzammil Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmad and Adnan Bashir
...nique for rice. However, optimization of seeding rate for producing mat type nursery is crucial to acquire suitable seedlings and planting density for better yield of mechanically transplanted rice (MTR). Current 2-years field study was conducted to determine effect of seeding rate (80, 90, 100 and 110 g per tray) for preparing nursery mats of fine basmati rice on plant growth, grain yield and economic benefits. Seeding rate significantly affected the growth, ...
Ranjhan Junejo1*, Shahabuddin Memon1, Muhammad Usman Shar2, Ayaz Ali Memon1 and Fakhar-un-Nisa Memon3
...ent study deals with the optimization of different parameters for trapping of red palm weevil by utilizing pheromone traps. Different field trials have been performed at district Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh-Pakistan. Therefore, different field trials have been performed at date palm orchards of district Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh-Pakistan. During the field trials, various parameters such as aggregation pheromone (ferrugineol; 4-methyl-5-nonanol+ 4-methyl-5-no...
Nabila Khan1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
...his study production and optimization of laccase enzyme production from locally isolated and screened potential fungal strain of Aspergillus flavus was monitored. During this study culture medium and different parameters such as incubation period and inoculum size were optimized and inducers were employed for enhanced production of laccase. Partial purification was accomplished through Ammonium-Sulphate precipitation and for further purification gel filtration...
Muhammad Jalees
... while the search engine optimization shows an insignificant impact on SCM profit. With the use of digital medium, the telecom industry in Pakistan can utilize its website platform to attract the customer’s demand and its supply chain revenue to achieve a competitive advantage.
... 
Habib Ullah Habib1, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Mujahid Ali1*, Tahir Mehmood3, Muhammad Manzoor4, Maqsood Ahmad3, Hasseb Ahsan1, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal3, Malik Abdul Rehman5, Muhammad Mohsan1 and Ahsan Mohyo ud Din6
Humaira Gul1*, Muhammad Junaid Yousaf1*, Fawad Ali1, Mamoona Rauf1, Farhad Ali2 and Iqthedar Ali3
...ded to plants for growth optimization.. Barley flourished only well in sandy soil. The number of leaves, branches, fruits, plant height, proteins, and chlorophylls were significantly (P<0.05) increased in sandy soil proportion whereas in soil analysis moisture, hygroscopic water, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), chlorides, organic matter were significantly (P<0.05) increased for the soily soil in same proportion that is of sandy soil. This reveals tha...
Optimization of Process Parameters for the Enhanced Biosynthesis of ⍺-Amylase by Bacillus subtilis
Uzma Hameed1*, Aneela Liaqat1, Muhammad Asjad Khan2, Ikram-Ul-Haq1 and Maham Aslam1
Farrukh Shehzad1, Muhammad Islam1,2*, Muhammad Omar3, Syed Ijaz Hussain Shah4, Rizwan Ahmed5 and Naeem Sohail6
Ghulam Akbar1*, Muhammad Anjum Zia1, Amer Jamil1 and Faiz Ahmad Joyia2
...d for this trace element optimization study. There are some salts like KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaHCO3, CaCO3, CH3COONa.3H2O and FeSO4. 7H2O have been optimized for the production of SK. The K2HPO4 has shown the highest enzymatic activity with UV-Et mutant 680.0 UmL-1 and with CaCO3 UV-Et mutant has been found to give the relatively lowest enzyme activity 652.01UmL-1. While UV-mutant has shown maximum enzyme activity 275 UmL-1 with the addition of K2HPO4 and this mutan...
Aqsa Javaid, Masoom Yasinzai* and Khunsa Saeed Kiyani
...perimental study was the optimization of phytase production from Bacillus subtilis KT004404 through statistical model (Response Surface Methodology) by utilizing centrally composite design (CCD). The optimal phytase activity obtained after CCD design was 132.32 U/mL at 35 °C, pH 6.5, inoculum density of 2.5mL after incubating for 24h at 75 rpm. Extracellular enzymes were then partially purified in 2 steps (ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtratio...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Iqra Javed1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Shaukat Ali3, Muhammad Khan1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1 and Muhammad Abrar Yousaf1
...ing one factor at a time optimization. Concentrations of medium components (3.75% tannic acid, 0.75% K2HPO4 and 1.25% yeast extract) were optimized with central composite design of response surface methodology. Tannase characterization data revealed that 5.0 pH, 30°C temperature, 60 minutes incubation and 0.45% of substrate concentration showed highest tannase activity. The results depict utilization potential of low cost substrate (corn leaves) to reduce ...
JAVERIA NEHAL1, ARIF MUHAMMAD KHAN1, AZHAR ABBAS KHAN*2, MUHAMMAD MUBIN3, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR4 & JAVED IQBAL5
ANSA KHALID, UZMA HAMEED* AND IKRAM-UL-HAQ
...ected for the parametric optimization as it gave the maximum activity. Among the 10 different fermentation media screened for enzyme production, maximum dextransucrase activity (9.96 U/ml) was obtained by bacterial strain IIB-C9 in fermentation medium M6 comprising (yeast extract 15 g/L, sucrose 40 g/L, and Na2HPO
ANSA KHALID, UZMA HAMEED* AND IKRAM-UL-HAQ
...ected for the parametric optimization as it gave the maximum activity. Among the 10 different fermentation media screened for enzyme production, maximum dextransucrase activity (9.96 U/ml) was obtained by bacterial strain IIB-C9 in fermentation medium M6 comprising (yeast extract 15 g/L, sucrose 40 g/L, and Na2HPO
Farha Deba1, Rubina Nelofer2 and Muhammad Irfan1*
Sehrish Ishtiaq1, Mahroze Fatima1*, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Noor Khan3, Muhammad Bilal4, Maryam2 and Sobia Nisa1
Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li
...ilable in GenBank. After optimization of the reaction conditions and system, we successfully established a novel multiplex PCR method for detection of the aforementioned three pathogens. The results show that the amplified fragments of interest were 280 bp, 151 bp, and 111 bp for BVDV, BRV, and BCV, respectively. The method had no cross-reaction to Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Moreover, it detected the minimum limi...
Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed1,3 and Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,4
...llaboration and resource optimization. Addressing research gaps, including socio-economic impact assessments, intervention effectiveness evaluations, cultural and contextual considerations, analysis of different production systems, and exploration of the intersection of animal welfare and zoonotic disease prevention, is necessary for evidence-based decision-making. By leveraging research, promoting evidence-based interventions, and strengthening policy and gov...
Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad
... determining sample size optimization and nematode transformation counts necessary to meet assumptions for parametric statistical analysis. Basically, they can help in unraveling the complexities of ecosystem dynamics into quantifiable metrics. Yet, their merits and demerits, discussed herein, should be considered by researchers and stakeholders. As they should be tailored to fit the intended goal of application, related modifications to derive more accurate a...
M.E. Shawky and A.M. Daoud.
Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3
...anagement, including the optimization of water use for different purposes and the strategies’ development to deal with water scarcity and drought. The analysis of hydrology characteristics in Iraqi dams has been conducted using remote sensing techniques and GIS. Due to its arid to semi-arid climate, limited water resources, and growing population, Iraq is facing significant challenges in managing water resources. Dams play a crucial role in managing the ...
Aatif Masood Ahmad Khan1, Masood Rabbani1*, Arfan Ahmad1, Muhammad Wasim2 and Sohail Raza1
ZOHAIB SAEED1, SHAHID IQBAL*1, UMER YOUNAS1,2, MUHAMMAD PERVAIZ*3, SYED MOHSIN ALI NAQVI3 & RANA RASHAD MAHMOOD KHAN3
MADIHA AFTAB1, ARIFA TAHIR*1, TAYYABA ASIM1 & IRFANA MARYAM2
UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR
MUHAMMAD SHRAFAT ALI1, UZMA HAMEED2* & IKRAM-UL-HAQ3
...l (OD 1.872). Similarly, optimization of temperature (30°C) and pH (7) was carried out that reduced the sporulation period up to 18 hours. The total viable count was 6.4 x 1012 CFU/ml. The acid tolerance of the B. subtilis was also determined at pH 2 and TVC after the acid treatment was 6.4 x 1012 CFU/ml. It depicts the ability of bacteria to withstand the acidic conditions....
Kalaiselvi Natarajan1, Karal Marx Karuppiah1, Sheena K Baby1, Sakthivel Mohammed2, Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran1 and Suresh Eswaran1*
...im and ovatide. For dose optimization, the matured brooders were administered with synthetic hormone WOVA -FH at three different doses viz., 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 and 1.0 ml per kg of body weight at triplicate basis. The highest number of ovulated eggs (3380.5 ±202.75), fertilization rate (90± 0.8) and hatching rate (88±0.88) were observed in the brooders that were induced with 0.5ml per kg of WOVA -FH. The average diameter of the fertilized eg...
Qurrat ul Ain Shafique1, Sana Batool2, Hanfa Ashfaq2, Asima Tayyab2, Roquyya Gul3 and Mahjabeen Saleem1*
...ion (pET28a(+)/IL-2) and optimization of expression in LB,TB and M9 media with varying concentrations of inducers (IPTG and lactose) and post induction time. Maximum expression of IL-2 was achieved in LB with 0.5 mM IPTG for 6 hours post induction time. A denaturing purification scheme (Immobilized metal affinity chromatography) was employed for the purification of IL-2. The refolding of the purified IL-2 was achieved by stepwise dialysis method using urea gra...
Li Tian1*, Chun Wang2, Hailiang Li2, Haitian Sun2 and Chang Wang3
...as good effect on global optimization, and its convergence speed is faster, and its execution task and efficiency are higher. In addition, among the five particle swarm optimization algorithms, the CBPSO algorithm performs best in the 20 dimension, with the minimum value of 1.0008 and the minimum value of variance of 8.4206. Therefore, it is determined that the search efficiency of the CBPSO algorithm in the 20 dimension is ...
Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*
...e observed by extraction optimization. The antibacterial activity of the pomace extract was tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibitions observed were 29.7±0.6 mm, 31±1 mm and 30±3 mm respectively. Yogurt samples fortified with extract (2% and 4%) were prepared and underwent sensory evaluation for characteristics such as color, odor, texture, acc...
Kashif Shehzad* and Ikramul Haq
...utcomes, including yield optimization, disease prevention and sustainable farming. This research aims to investigate the expertise of Extension Field Staff (EFS) in applying diverse crop management practices. The current research study was conducted in four agro-ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, in which one district each was selected. A sample of 147 respondents were selected from the four districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the Sekaran sampling table...
Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1
...ext-align: justify;">The optimization of the stocking densities in earthen ponds of African catfish is necessary for efficient management, increase in fish production and to maximize the return on investment. So, this study was carried out to investigate the influence of various stocking densities on the production and economic character of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Pakistan. After the successful transportation and acclimatization of African catf...
Syeda Rubab Zaidi* and Safdar Ali Mirza
Nurhayati1*, Chandra Utami Wirawati2, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1
Nurhayati1*, Chandra Utami Wirawati2, Dwi Desmiyeni Putri1
Sana Nawaz1, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1*, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1, Inayatullah Rajper2, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh3, Ashfaque Ahmed Khaskheli1 and Shaista Soomro1
...e reduction and resource optimization in the FV industry....
Mokammel Hossain Tito, Most Hoor E Jannat, Marzia Afrose, S.M. Jubayer Ahmed, Shah Md Maruf, Md. Arafat Hossain, Safiullah Samani, Ruksana Jahan Mira, Barshon Saha, Asraful Islam Jihad and Tonmoy Kumar Das
Sabahat Anwar1, Faria Javaid2 and Qurat-ul-Ain2*
Farida Bibi2, Zahin Anjum1*, Imran Khan3, Shaista Ali1 and Rabia Chishti1
