Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of an Extruded Cattle Feed Added with Huizache (Vachellia Schaffneri) and its Impact on In Vitro Digestibility
Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of an Extruded Cattle Feed Added with Huizache (Vachellia Schaffneri) and its Impact on In Vitro Digestibility
García Domínguez María Fernanda1, Páez Lerma Jesús Bernardo1, Reyes Jáquez Damián1, Carrete Carreón Francisco Oscar2, Rosas Guerra María Inés1, Araiza Rosales Elia Esther2*
ABSTRACT
This research aimed to develop and evaluate a balanced feed with the addition of huizache (Vachellia schaffneri). Eight formulations including huizache (HUI) in different percentages (0-10%) were evaluated. Subsequently, a D-optimal design was used with the extruder outlet temperature (90-150 °C, X1), humidity (14-18%, X2) and HUI concentration (0-10%, X3) as factors. The evaluated responses were bulk density (BD), expansion index (EI), water absorption index (WAI), water solubility index (WSI), and hardness (H), as well as total phenols (TP), condensed tannins (CT) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). With the superimposition of response surfaces, a numerical optimization of the extrusion process was conducted based on the selected model. The optimal processing conditions for the elaboration of the extruded product were X1=150 °C, X2=14% humidity and X3=10% HUI, with an EI of 1.107, BD of 1060.79 kg/m3, H of 145.2 N, WAI of 3.51 g/g, WSI of 7.58%, TP of 0.246%, CT of 0.173% and IVDMD of 93.82%. According to the results, HUI is an ingredient that can be included in the formulation of extruded products for animal consumption, as it could improve rumen fermentation.
Keywords | Additive, Animal feeding, Balanced feed, Temperature, Humidity, Extrusion
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