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Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2

...hancing the overall farm profitability and productivity of cereal-based systems by providing increased yields from this additional ‘summer gap’ crop.

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Hina Fatima1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2

...es is important for more profit as well as for enhancing the wheat productivity. However, modern wheat varieties have not been adopted widely in Pakistan. Farmers make use of traditional wheat varieties, whose yields are quite below the modern wheat varieties. The result of the study reveals that the parameter estimate of wheat variety is negative and significant also. The parameter of seed rate variable is also negative and statistically significant. A techni...

Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2

...rop productivity and net profitability through improving soil physico-chemical properties and fertility. Two years field experiments were conducted at the Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar- Pakistan (semiarid conditions) to investigate the effect of two green manuring crop species (guar and millet), their incorporation age (40, 70 and 100 days after sowing, DAS) and parts (whole plants incorporation and stubbles incorporation) under varying nitro...

 Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan

...ting its superiority for profitable wheat yield under rain-fed conditions. It can be concluded from these results that the application of plant nutrients from a variety of natural and manufactured fertilizer sources improve crop yield as well as augment the fertility of soils suffering from water erosion hazards.

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Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan

...were more productive and profitable than cows. Results from Cobb-Douglas production function analysis show that dry fodder, green fodder and daily labor hours have positive significant effect on milk production, while herd size has negative significant effect. Furthermore, the addition of estimated coefficients is less than 1, indicating a decreasing return to scale in milk production. These results suggest that small sized dairy farms are more productive and ...

Nusrat Habib, Safeena Inam and Abdul Hayee Qureshi

...from input shop and more profit from competing crops indicating that the 1 percent increase in these parameters will decrease the probability to adopt sunflower. Whereas supporting parameters were highest educations level in the family, total operational holding, last year yield of sunflower, access to extension services and share of non-agricultural income. By increasing 1 percent in these parameters will increase the probability for adoption of sunflower. Ke...

Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb

Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
... weedings, but it may be profitably replaced by the application of herbicides. From the point of eco-safety measures and economy, combination of hand weeding and mulching can be judiciously recommended in potato and groundnut.


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Rafi Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1,*, Abdul Hafeez1, Asad Sultan1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2, Naila Chand1 and Naseer Ahmad1 
...ross return per bird and profit per kg meat were higher for diet D4 (P < 0.05). It was revealed that replacement of soyabean meal with silkworm meal did not affect broiler performance and carcass quality; therefore silkworm meal may effectively be used as a low-cost protein constituent in the broiler finisher ration.
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Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

...t seeding method is more profitable for dry rice farmers in terms of yield and also increases the efficiency of farmers. Area under rice crop, NPK ratio, Seed, number of irrigation hour, weedicides, insecticides and pesticide variable would significantly contributes to improve the rice production. On average technical efficiency of sample rice farmers is 86 percent, which indicates that rice farmers in selected areas can increase the production of rice 14 perc...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...f Snakehead will be more profitable on pellet feed followed by squid feed.
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Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
...e and ultimately enhance profitability. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement during autumn 2015. Treatments were replicated three times. The treatments were comprised of C = no Zn and B (Control); Zn (S) = soil application of Zn @ of 12 kg ha-1; B (S): soil application of B @ 3 kg ha-1; Zn (F) = foliar application of 1% Zn at 9th leaf stage; B (F) = foliar application of 0.5...

Abbas Ullah Jan1, Muhammad Fayaz1*, Yousaf Hayat2, Dawood Jan3 and Ghaffar Ali3 

...r potential of increased profits for entrepreneurs involved in the production and marketing of fruits if they focus on quality enhancement as both the urban and rural households are willing to pay a higher price for higher quality fruits. 

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Zia ur Rehman1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi3
...erformance and potential profitability of four commercial broiler strains in two different temperature zones i.e., thermoneutral zone (TN) and high ambient temperature zone (HAT) group. Day-old broiler chicks (n=242) of four different commercial strains (Ross, Hubbard, Cobb and Arber Acer) were placed in brooding room for the first two weeks and then chicks were divided into two groups: TN and HAT. Chicks in TN group were housed at constant room tempera...

Saima Akhtar Qureshi1 and Asim Anwar2*, Ather Maqsood Ahmed

...eases the farmers’ profit. However, concerns about production may hinder widespread adoption of this technology by farmers. The aim of the study is to evaluate economic feasibility of IPM method in Punjab. The study consisted of 326 farmers (161 IPM producer and 165 NON-IPM producers) and compared input and output outcomes of IPM and NON-IPM farms and provided a detailed evidence of overall production of both farms. The results suggest that IPM farms yie...

Sidra Majeed, Shahid Ahmad*, Asif Ali Bhatti** and Ghazanfar Abbas***

... chemical fertilizer was profitable in six years.

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 Mazher Abbas*, Muhammad Waqas Akram**, Ikram Saeed*** and Arshed Bashir*

...ion in Central Punjab is profitable enterprise. However, the profitability of canola at small farms was higher as compared to other farm size categories. There is sharp increase in input prices from year to year basis while output prices remained same over the year. The Government should effectively control the input prices to avoid the exploitation of farmers. Extension efforts are required to disseminate suitable canola te...

 Muhammad Azam Niazi*, Hassnain Shah, Waqar Akhtar and Nadeem Akmal**

...ed over time in terms of profitability. Various indices were worked out to view the profitability from different angles using weights, giving due importance to all the contributing factors. The results revealed that Pakistani farmers’ profitability improved slightly during the study period but at the same time overall purchasing power of the farmers dropped. Pakistani farmers are exp...

 Rubina Bano, Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Sharif and Waqar Akhtar*

...nvestigation reveals the profitability index of open house broiler farms and is based on the survey of 40 broiler farms in district Rawalpindi. The analysis covers the descriptive analysis of socioeconomic characteristics of the sample poultry farmers along with cost and profitability analysis. Broiler farming was done by adult males on full time basis. It was the main source of income of a family. The average flock size in ...

Anish Shrestha 

....52 with the average net profit of NRs. 2987.05 (1 USD = 106 NRs), and B:C ratio was 1.67. Labor cost, migration cost and expenditure on sugar drug and comb foundation seems to have positive and significant relation with gross return. All of them appeared to be underutilized and needed to be increased by 39%, 74% and 34% respectively for the profit maximization. Main production problem found to be high cost and inadequate av...

Arshed Bashir *, Shamsheer-Ul-Haq**, Mazher Abbas*, M. Aamir Munir** and Aneela Afzal***

Corresponding author:ssrifaisalabad@gmail.com

IMPACT OF SUGARCANE MILLS DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES ON CANE PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
... planned to estimate the profitability of sugarcane crop among both beneficiary and non-beneficiary farms of these development activities. Detailed data were collected from 100 randomly selected growers (50 beneficiaries and 50 non-beneficiaries) during April, 2010. The beneficiary farmers were operating significantly larger land holdings. Area under new high yielding, with more sugar recovery varieties was relatively higher at beneficiary farms as compared to...

 Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****

ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...L. royleana in Punjab is profitable enterprise. Because of low cost of production the profitability of L. royleana at small farms was higher as compared to other farm size categories.

...

 Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
...in demand for its taste, profitability, high yield and good quality. To make the plant growth successful in the container, the requirement of special media is very important step because plant growth is largely depended on the physiochemical properties of the growing media used. Winter strawberry production in a greenhouse using high plant densities and various media may be a viable alternative to openfield production system. Planting density can be increased ...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***

POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
...chnologies for enhancing profit and reducing environmental risks. These technologies have demonstrated to provide benefits to farmers as well as reduced environmental stresses in the developed world. Present paper provides an overview of precision agriculture and examines the potentials, prospects, implications, issues and relevance of precision agricultural applications in Pakistani agricultural system. There is a scope of many precision technologies to be im...

Ayesha Tahir* and Sonila Hassan**

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SMALL SCALE BUTTON MUSHROOM PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
... in 2010 to estimate the profitability of small scale button mushroom production at National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. The cost of production methodology was used for this study. The yield and gross return of mushroom was estimated at 155.6 kg ha and Rs.77,800 ha , respectively. The results indicated the fact that mushroom production is very much remunerative to its producers as it can give maximum net return by reducing their co...

 Tabinda Qaiser*, Ayesha Tahir*, Sajida Taj* and Murad Ali*

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF APICULTURE ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PAKISTAN
...d that this business was profitable. It will be a great source of employment creation for the rural poor people to reduce the poverty. There is a great prospect of beekeeping in Pakistan on the basis of the socioeconomic context of the country and some special features of the enterprise.

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 Nusrat Habib*, Muhammad Zubair Anwar* and Ikram Saeed*

COMPARATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDED MUNGBEAN VARIETIES AT NARC EXPERIMENTAL STATION, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN
... to find out comparative profitability of different mungbean varieties cultivated at experimental station National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and thus recommend a higher profit earning variety towards pulses growing areas of the country. Primary data of crop management practices was collected by Pulses Programme, NARC, Islamabad. Pulses Programme, NARC, cultivated different mungbean varieties for experime...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**

ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...m, milk productivity and profitability of main cow breeds across selected areas have been observed. Concentrate feeding is the main cost item for cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. While, in coastal and desert areas of Sindh, and mountainous - AJK wheat straw is the major cost item and shares more than half of the total feeding costs per annum (51 - 58 %). Mean milk product...

 Muhammad Sharif*, Muhammad Azam Niazi*, Abdul Jabbar** and Sajida Taj*** 

FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY OF WHITE SUGAR PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN
... up-dating the financial profitability of white sugar on the basis of recent data in the country. The total cost of white sugar production was Rs. -1 50.11kg in Pakistan. The estimated financial profit of white sugar production -1 was Rs. 2.47 kg in the country in 2012-13. The estimated supply and demand of white sugar was worked out as 6.62 and 5.01 m t, respectively during the same -1 -1 period. The per capita availability...

 Samiullah*, Mehmood Shah*, Kalim Ullah**, Rehmat Ullah*** and Ibrarullah****

PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PRODUCTION IN DERA ISMAIL KHAN
...g cost, gross return and profitability was applied. The analysis of data revealed that the average cost per acre was Rs. 24716.32. Similarly average production of wheat (output) was estimated to -1 -1 be 1618.40 kg acre . Thus the gross return was Rs. 45315.39 acre , whereas the net return (profit) from wheat production was Rs. 20599.07 -1 acre . It is thus concluded that profit is under t...

 Rashed Saeed*, Shoaib-ur-Rehman**, Muhammad Qasim*, Hafiz Zahid Mahmood*** and Irfan Mehmood*

ECONOMICS OF PERI-URBAN RADISH PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN FAISALABAD
... radish cultivation is a profitable enterprise in the study area. Productivity gap between current and potential yield of radish can be minimized by the adoption of recommended production and marketing practices.

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 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

ECONOMICS OF MILK PRODUCTION OF MAJOR DAIRY BUFFALO BREEDS BY AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES IN PAKISTAN
...alo milk production is a profitable business in the country except in coastal areas of Sindh, where investment in milk production just covers the cost of production due to comparatively higher feed prices and low milk prices. Econometric analysis of milk production in the country revealed that use of green fodder and concentrates contribute positively and significantly to milk production.

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 Anwar Hussain* and Muhammad Rahman**

ROLE OF TRAININGS ON FARMERS' PROFITABILITY OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PUKHTUNKHWA
... of training on farmers' profitability in medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in mountainous areas of district Swat. A convenient sample of 100 respondents, engaged in MAPs in Chail Valley Madyan was taken. Information about revenue from MAPs, marketing, prices and quantities was collected through a structured questionnaire. The respondents were given training under Swiss Development Cooperation Project at the time of collection, harvesting, cleaning, drying,...

 Muhammad Qasim*, Khuda Bakhsh**, Sultan Ali Tariq*, Mahmood Nasir***, Rashed Saeed**** and Muhammad Ather Mahmood****

FACTORS AFFECTING GROUNDNUT YIELD IN POTHWAR REGION OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...groundnut along with its profitability analysis. The sample farms were classified into small, medium and large farms. Farm-level crop data were gathered during two cropping seasons i.e., rabi 2008-09 and kharif 2009. One hundred and forty groundnut producers were selected for collecting data using the well-structured questionnaire from two important districts recognised for area and production of groundnut. Results showed that large farmers allocated significa...

 Waqar Akhtar*, Muhammad Sharif**, Abdul Hayee Qureshi*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla*** and Muhammad Azeem Khan*

COMPETITIVENESS OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ated by positive private profitability and private cost ratio (PCR) which is less than 1. Competitiveness difference in two regions indicated that Central Punjab has more competitiveness at farm level in tomato production. Economic efficiency results i.e. Domestic Resource Cost (DRC) ratio remained 0.39 and 0.51 in Central and Southern Punjab, respectively with positive social profitability indicating strong comparative adva...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Tanveer Ahmad*, Zulfiqar Ali*, Munir Ahmad** and Nadeem Amjad***

FIELD EVALUATION OF A WHEAT STRAW CHOPPER
...Wheat straw chopper is a profitable technology that is getting momentum in combine-harvested wheat fields of the country, which saves chaff for cattle feed and increases the benefit of the farmer.

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 Nusrat Habib*

RELATIVE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF SUNFLOWER IN DISTRICT SWABI AND MARDAN
...among target three crops profitability such as revenue per crop day of tobacco, sugarcane and sunflower were rupees 285.61, rupees 158 .93 and rupees 82.64 respectively. On the whole tobacco and sugarcane both of these crops were more profitable for the farmers. As study results showed that outputinput ratio of tobacco were 3.09 followed by 3.01 of sugarcane. While sunflower's output-input ratio was only 1.86, which was very...

 Syed Haider Abbas*, Ayesha Tahir**, Muhammad Asim***, Muhammad Sohail* and Riaz-ud-Din*

PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PAK-13 AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...ding density. Again, the profitability analysis show the maximum gross margin (Rs. 98920/ha) and BCR (3.44) at 100 kg/ha seeding density level.

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Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
...th functioning of the nonprofit and community organizations that the participation on volunteer basis should be regular and ongoing (3). This is worth mentioning that in United States during the year of 2000, 15.5 billion hours were contributed by 83.9 million volunteers which is equal to an amount of USD 39.2 billion wages for the employees (4). During the year of 2006, there were 5.2 mill...

Murad Khan1* and Muhammad Afzal2 

...earch was to analyze the profitability of different farm sizes of broiler poultryin district Dir Lower. Four tehsils, namely Adinzai, Balambat, Timergara and Sumerbagh were purposively selected during the year 2015. From these tehsils, 92 poultry farms were selected proportionately from total 460 poultry farms and data were collected on structured questionnaire. The sample farms were categorized into three groups i.e. small, medium and large. For analysing the...

Sadiqa Begum1, Murad Khan2* and Noor Pao Khan

...ion of cost, revenue and profit and dummy approach is used for comparative analysis while multiple regression model is used to estimate the relationship between inputs and output of wheat. Per acre yield of wheat production in district Mardan was 1809.032 kgs. while in district Peshawar it was 2143.230 kgs. Total cost of wheat per acre in district Peshawar was more than that of district Mardan. The net revenue from per acre wheat production was high in distric...
Shoukat Ara1, Sheikh Adil2,*and Manzoor Ahmad Khan3
...e and thereby maximizing profits. The Azolla inclusion in the diet of layer chicken had no effect on SGPT and SGOT levels indicating that Azolla supplementation had no toxic effect in layer chicken even up to 20% levels.
...

Sajad Ali1*, Syed Asghar Ali Shah2, Jaffar Ali3, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal4, Arshadullah Jadoon5 and Farmanullah

... percent have not gained profit from their prevailing price deviation, as at premature stage the pea’s producers sold their output. The farmers can got maximum share that is 68 percent of the user’s rupee tracked by the traders. The results showed that the seller got up to 23 percent having an average of about 18 percent of the buyer’s rupee in the entire spell, and as well as the dealers can get a minimum share. The farmer can get 100 percen...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

...tion to make agriculture profitable is a major challenge and all out efforts have been made by successive government in Pakistan to pass benefits to the farmers by reducing input prices through reduction in GST, providing cash subsidy and supplying inexpensive feed gas for fertilizer industry. Currently, cash subsidy on urea is costing Rs. 12 billion to national exchequer and total tax relief (all products inclusive) costing around Rs. 40 billion to the nation...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...e revenue for increasing profitability of lamb meat production in the sheep.
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Mujib ur Rahman1, Munir Khan2*, Himayatullah Khan2, Malik Muhammad Shafi2 and Haidar Ali2  

...n other cities per month profit was Rs. 13,650/- and Rs. 12,636/-, respectively. The overall profit in the business is low. Profit is higher for those producers who sold their products in other cities. In local market the profit margins of Chadar and Suit was 17% and 14% respectively. The profit margin of Chadar and Su...

Muhamad Jawad*, Shahid Riaz Malik, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Muhammad Asadullah, Israr Hussain and Rabia Khalid 

...ant tool to increase its profitability. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among 36 lentil genotypes for mechanized harvesting. Analysis of variance for qualitative and quantitative traits showed significant variability among the genotypes. Correlation analysis indicates negative correlation of yield with lowest pod height and highly significant correlation between lowest pod height and plant height. Cluster analysi...
Muhammad Shabir Shaheen1, Shahid Mehmood1, Athar Mahmud1, Jibran Hussain1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi2, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Arshad Javid4,*
...ponse that led to higher profit margin. All these parameters were significantly (P<0.05) lowest on gas brooder in comparison of brooding systems.
...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,
..., nutrition and economic profitability in mudflat fish aquaculture. A 60-d experiment was conducted in zero-water exchange BFT system. The results demonstrated that weight gain (WG), specific growth (SG) and survival in BFT group were 133.94%, 1.20% day-1 and 90.0%, respectively. In control group with a 1/4-1/3 daily water exchange, WG, SG and survival were significantly lower than those in BFT group. There were no statistical differences in crude p...

Farhan, Shahid Ali* and Syed Attaullah Shah 

...zed restricted trans log profit function was first approximated for further estimation of output supply and input demand elasticities. Results indicated that response of output supply to the price of wheat and land was positive and elastic. Output supply in response to wage rate was negative and inelastic. Output elasticity in response to fertilizer price was negative and elastic. Education has positive relation with the output supply but inelastic. Labor dema...

Muhammad Nasrullah1*, Liu Chang1, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai2, Asaad Osman Khalid1, Rachel Bayisenge1 and Gulnaz Hameed3 

...;">The study focused the profitability of tobacco growers in one of the district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Mardan). Tehsil Takht bhai was selected through purposive sampling among the three Tehsil of district Mardan. A sample of 120 growers was selected and interviewed randomly through a prepared well- structure questioner. Different practices were grouped into five parts. Land rent of the respondent area was 61,750 rupees per hectare; nursery raising cost was es...

Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2 

Zara Ahmad1*, Fazli Rabbi2, Muhammad Zamin3, Bushra Kiran2, Tariq Shah2 and Shahzad Kouser4 

...table production is more profitable than on-season vegetable production in Punjab, Pakistan. It is recommended that farmers may be facilitated by the relevant authorities for growing the off-season vegetable production. The farmers should be provided with the necessary requirements for off-season vegetable production to enhance farmer income and improve their socioeconomic status. 

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Muhammad Saleem Hanif1, Khalid Javed Iqbal1,*, Arshad Javid3, Noor Khan2, Irfan4, Hamid Majeed5, Muhammad Altaf3
...cluded that fishing is a profitable business but with educating the fishermen especially in fish handling could improve their status of living as well as in generating brilliant mind towards global economy. 
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Zia-ud-Din1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Tanveer Hussain3,*, Irfana Iqbal4 and Asma Zafar5
...ortality and highest net profit (Rs.1677, 0.35 cost benefit ratio). Among varieties, Mushki showed more economic value than rest of the varieties with highest live body weight of 169.78±8.23g, gaining 130.61±7.92g weight, multiplying their weight 4.41±0.22 times over the initial body weight with feed intake of 658.95±37.70g showing slightly less efficient FCR (5.09±0.47) with no mortality and highest net
Mahdi Khojastekey1, Majid Kalantar1, Jam Zaheer Ahmed2, Samiullah Khan3, Muhammad Altaf Hussain4, Rajwali Khan5 and Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza6*
...d lambing method overall profits of the herd, based on the prices in the market in years 2013 and 2019, increased 18.36 and 45.52 dollars/ewe, respectively. The results of this study showed that zandi ewes have a good function in accelerated lambing system due to their specific physiological characteristics. According to the current conditions of Iranian economy, using this method to increase livestock profit is quite cost e...
Muhammad Mansoor1, Khalid Usman2*, Shahid Hameed Khan Khalil3, Abdul Mateen Khattak4, Muhammad Ehsan Elahi1, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik2 and Amir Hamza2
... also not productive and profitable; therefore, the growers switched to solar tunnel drying but couldn’t get the required results. The protocols of using solar tunnels needed fine-tuning of temperature and relative air humidity, which affect fruit quality. During dates’ drying process high temperature and low humidity is required. This research was conducted at Arid Zone Research Center, D.I. Khan, Pakistan for quick and safe ripening of date fruit...
Po Bunnika, Khalid Khan and Guo Xiangyu*
...the relationship between profitability ratios and performance measures, which indicates that return on assets and equity are linked to technical and distribution efficiency. The cooperatives could increase their profits by upsurging sales performance instead of improving technical performance. These results also confirm that cooperatives managers should give greater importance to the effective use of capital and labor by inc...

Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3 

...he economic analysis and profitability of soybean the highest net returns (NR) in Pakistani Rupees (PKRs) (PKR 62.082 ha-1) were noted with the biochar amendment followed by compost (PKR 60,168 ha-1), whereas least net return NR (PKR 41,548 ha-1) was recorded with peach residues incorporation. The value cost ratio (VCR) was highest with compost application (5.48) among the organic sources followed by biochar (5.37), while the least VCR value (4.67) was observe...

Manzoor1*, Ahmad Khan1, Amir Sohail2, Shahzad Ali1, Fawad Ali Shah3, Junaid Iqbal3, Muhammad Owais Khan4 and Sultan Nawaz4 

...ould maximize yields and profits. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of water stress imposed at low and high sensitive growth stages (six leaves, twelve leaves, flowering and grain filling stages) and role of different planting methods (Ridge, Flat and Broadcast) in soil moisture conservation for maize crop. The research was carried out using RCBD with split plot arrangement having 4 replications at Agronomy Research Farm, The University o...
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...o acids profile and farm profitability. Grains of QPM200 and QPM300 hybrids, approved by Pakistan maize variety evaluation committee in January 2017, were provided by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Pakistan. The content of CP was higher in QPM300 (10.8% dry matter (DM)) and QPM200 (9.12% DM) than the CM (7.78% DM). Moreover, QPM200 and QPM300 had higher contents (% of DM) of methionine (0.20-0.24 vs. 0.12), threonine (0.43-0....

Asif Yaseen1, Muhammad Israr2*, Allah Bux Khan1, Ahsan Javed3, Nafees Ahmad4 and Zia Ullah

...intermediaries) is still profitable, high value marketing channels appeared more attractive alternative, having been shown to offer increased net income to smallholder citrus growers. Findings showed the importance of production experience and know-how of quality issues are the significant determinants of farmers’ reliance on high value marketing channels. To this end, policy makers need to give due consideration to certain exogenous factors such as pric...

Rakhshanda Kousar1, Muhammad Sohail Amjad Makhdum2, Raza Ullah1, Aqeela Saghir3, Sohaib Usman3* and Tahira Sadaf

...tion on productivity and profitability of crops. The primary data were collected from 120 farmers of rural area of Faisalabad. This study calculated the extent of land fragmentation by using Simpson index. Production function was employed to estimate the impact of land fragmentation on the crop productivity. The results suggested that higher the land fragmentation of the farms, negative is the impact on the productivity. The findings of the study have importan...

Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh

...ion ultimately adding to profitability of the farmers. These results are in line with a number of earlier studies. The respondent farmers also claimed improvement in paddy yield but along with AWD technique and laser land leveling there might be other agronomic factors adding to yield improvement as this study did not isolate yield and AWD technology and laser land leveling from other factors that may be studied in future research studies. The laser land level...

Fazal Haq*, Asia Parveen, Safdar Hussain and Arshad Hussain 

... and to maximize the net profit per year. The research study deals with statistical facts and figures so quantitative method of research is approached. The growers of the major crops were the targeted population and random sampling technique is used to select the sample. Self made questionnaires, filled through interviewed process from the random selected farmers were used as a tool for collecting primary data. The raw data is tabulated and analyzed using Micr...

Ghani Akbar 

...lakand division, is less profitable due to traditional farming methods. Therefore, this paper is aimed to investigate the key agricultural issues and to identify strategies for utilizing the full potential of agriculture for improving livelihood in this region. This study indicated that climate change induced hazards of land degradation and water scarcity due to frequent floods and droughts, decline in traditional springfed Kuhl (gravity channel) irrigation sy...

 Salman Khan, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali and Murtaza

...o production and thereby profit of farmers.

...

Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Syed Athar Masood1 

PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF A PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATION
...t competition
and profitability. These organizations are administered by government rules and procedures unlike private sector organizations
which are driven solely on profitability factor. Therefore, conventional productivity improvement models are
as such not fully applicable to public sector rebuild organizations. In this context, data of a public sector automobile
rebuild organization has been...

Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4

Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
... reliable estimations of profit efficiency of rice production. Findings from SFA reveal profit efficiency of rice farmers for TRP to be 57% and 83% for DRS farmers. The results further Bring to light the loss of 43% profit of TRP and 17% profit loss of DRS due to unsuitable combinations of inputs. Direct seeded rice farmers displayed more efficiency comp...

 Muhammad Qasim Khan1*, Syed Athar Masood1 and Shahzad Naeem Qureshi2

REFORMULATION OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR PUBLIC SECTOR AUTOMOBILE REBUILD ORGANIZATIONS
...s work to maximize their profit. This paper attempts to identify reasons for low productivity and reduced output of public sector automobile rebuild organizations of Pakistan. Input in this research was sought primarily from top, middle and lower management of public sector automobile rebuilt organizations. Data from a total of two hundred and sixty-two respondents representing twenty-one different automobile rebuild organizations was compiled through qua...

Murtaza1, Syed Attaullah Shah1*, Shahid Ali1, Amjad Ali1 and Asia Baig2

Economic Analysis of Maize Production in Central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...y;">This study looked at profitability of maize crop and estimated growers’ technical efficiency in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Stochastic Frontier analyses were conducted over primary data, collected from randomly selected 119 maize growers. Profitability analysis confirmed high net-return for hybrid maize as compared to local maize crop. The estimated Stochastic Frontier Model-1 showed that maize yield is p...

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3

Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...fy;">This study analyzed profitability and marketing efficiency of soyabean (Glycine max) value chain among actors in Abuja, Nigeria. This study was designed specifically to achieve the following objectives: describe the socio-economic characteristics of soyabean marketers, determine the marketing cost, marketing margin, and marketing efficiency of soyabean, analyze the costs and returns of marketing soyabean, evaluate factors influencing or affecting marketin...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Sami Ullah2, Adeel Abbas3, Ijaz Ahmed4 and Muhammad Zeshan5

Effect of Balance Use of Fertilizers on Performance of Wheat Under Arid Climatic Condition
...at yield higher and more profitable.

...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*

Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
...t; RT> CT> ZT. The profitability of ZT, PT, RT and CT were 0.95, 0.69, 0.52 and 0.32. The economic analysis results described that intense application of agricultural machinery and operations were caused more energy consumption and reduction of energy use efficiency and may compromised on net energy and profitability of agroecosystems eventually. In rainfed agriculture system, all types of tillage as zero, reduced, and...

Dilshad Ahmad1* and Muhammad Afzal2

An Empirical Analysis of Economic Efficiency and Farm Size of Cotton Farmers
...ng higher per acre gross profit (Rs. 18142.28) relatively to small (Rs. 15232.94) and large (Rs. 8231.349) farm size cotton farmers. There is a need for significant prolong state-based policy measures for provision of adequate and quality based crop inputs, infusion of advanced mechanisation and regulating market mechanism for consistency in prices of crop inputs and outputs. It is essential to increase managerial competencies among farmers through increasing ...

Shahzad Khan*, Munir Khan, Inayatullah Jan, Mahfooz Khan and Fida Muhammad Khan

Determinants of Sugarcane Yield in District Charsadda, Pakistan
...ages. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas production function were applied. The study found that the per acre profit of sugarcane was 289.82 US$. Labour and fertilizers costs were found major components in the total variable cost. The profit margin was obtained as 37.37%. Empirical results of regression model found seed, farm yard manure and fertilizer positive ...

Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...ncome, urbanization, and profitability of minor crops were taken as demand side factors. Per capita income, urbanization and profitability of minor crops regression coefficients showed positive and significant impact on crop diversification. The technology was determined using fertilizers, the number of tubewells, Net Area Sown (NAS) and the production of tractors in quantity. The regression coefficients of fertilizers, numb...

Muhammad Kashif Khan1*, Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan2, Kaleem Ullah Jan Khan3, Muhammad Ishaq Khan4, Muhammad Faheem Jan Khan5 and Abdul Salam Lodhi6

 

Impacts of Construction Risk Attributes on Organizational Performance of Registered Construction Companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Shawaiz Iqbal1*, Nadeem Iqbal2, Usama Bin Khalid1, Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Adila Iram1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Muhammad Sabar1 and Tahir Hussain Awan1

Growth, Yield and Economic Analysis of Dry-Seeded Basmati Rice
...ted in 104 and 76 % more profit over TR-farmer practice. The study concluded that DSR-ridge and DSR-drill proved to be the best to obtain the maximum paddy yield and net profit. Farmers can adopt these methods to harvest maximum benefit.

...
Luka Anthony*, Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi, Elizabeth Samuel Ebukiba and Vandi Gamba
...nd market out choice for profit maximization among rice farmers to eradicate poverty and improve their welfare.
...

Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1*, Muhammad Aslam Panhwar1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio1, Muhammad Saleem Sarki1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, and Niaz Ahmed Wahocho2

...n strawberry farming for profitable yields and high Zn concentration in strawberry fruit.

...

Manzoor Hussain Memon1, Khalid Khan2, Anjum Parvez3, Sarfaraz Ahmed Shaikh4, Khan Mir Khan2, Guo Xiangyu5*, Mohammad Nasrullah6 and Saima Liaqat7

...n exponential growth and profitability in the sector is considerably higher. However, in the case of Pakistan both producers and consumers are unable to reap the benefits. Consumers and poultry farmers, the two extreme of value chain are in surplus loss because of no. of agents in the supply chain. Keeping in view the importance of poultry industry, the study has attempted to assess the economic viability of the poultry farmers in district Mardan, Khyber Pakht...

Shapon Kumar Bashak1, Alok Kumar Paul1, Md. Akhtar Hossain1, Usman Atique2,3*, Sonia Iqbal3, Md. Najim Uddin1, Asrafi Mohammad Farhaduzzaman4, Md. Mojibar Rahman5, Md. Shahanul Islam6

...luable insights into the profitable production of eel fish meat. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study highlights that the mud eel can be reared at lower stocking densities in rain-fed earthen ponds. Furnishing cheaper shelter alternatives and enhancing habitat features may not alter the pond water quality instead gives higher yield and economic benefits.
...
Suman Bhattarai1*, Subodh Raj Pandey2, Jaya Prakash Dutta3, Meghnath Timalsena4 and Rajendra Bam5
...f inputs could make it a profitable and viable commercial enterprise.

...

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...ied out to determine the profitability of different size of commercial broiler poultry farms in central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 105 sample broiler poultry farms were selected through random sampling technique and data were collected for 483 flocks by means of interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used for general analysis, while budgetary technique was used for profitability analysis. Ordinary Lease...

Amar Iqbal Saqib, Khalil Ahmed*, Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Abdul Rasul Naseem, Aftab Ahmad Sheikh and Belqees Akhter

...odic water is a wise and profitable management strategy with marginal effect on crop productivity and proves least detrimental for soil health. Comparison of two different textured soils also revealed that brackish water deteriorated the soil properties of clay loam soil more in comparison to sandy loam soil that highlighted the primary role of soil texture for salinity development and must be recognized while using the brackish water for irrigation purpose.
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
... were evaluated by cost, profitability and efficiency analysis. The cost of a unit of honey was US$3.16 and the average price paid to the beekeepers was US$6.78. The absolute and relative profits were calculated as US$3.62 and US$2.14, respectively. The efficiency of the beekeeping farms was measured using Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of output- and input-oriented constant return-to-scale (CRS) analysis indicated a...

Shahzad Khan1*, Munir Khan1, Arif Alam2, Ikram Shah2, Mahfooz Khan1 and Fida Muhammad Khan1

...aire. For data analysis, profit margin, gross margin and Cobb-Douglas production function were applied. Therefore, the labour, tractor, and fertilizers were found major components in the total variable cost. The profit per acre was obtained as Rs.12714. The profit margin was obtained at 32.48%. Empirical results of the regression model found tractor, fertilizer, seed, and pest/weed inputs ...

Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4

...e in the net
profits as a measure of economic impact between infected and non-infected flocks in different
provinces.
Conclusion: The results denote that chicken and duck flocks in Egypt were exposed to field strains of
aMPV. For our knowledge, aMPV antibodies are detecting in Pekin and Muscovy duck flocks for first
time in Egypt.
...

Nadeem Anwar1, Muhammad Luqman2*, Shaoib Nasir3, Moazzam Sabir1, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad4 and Saleem Ashraf5

... these intermediaries as profit-making group indenting the share of farmers. The Harvesting behavior of the farmers is significantly affected by the area under citrus cultivation. The results also indicated that product marketing and harvesting behavior of citrus growers is positively associated with a unit increase in area under citrus cultivation. The analysis of Socio-economic characteristics of farmers sums up that the area under citrus cultivation is the ...

Milkessa Wakjira, Fikiru Temesgen*, Chala Hailu and Dabesa Wegari

...d reduction in sales and profit. More than 70% of participating respondents reported that they could not survive if the present trend lasts more than three months. As a temporary solution to sustain their business 169 (45.40%) reduced the number of their employees, 73 (19.60%) laid off their employees as the result of the pandemic crisis. The findings of study are consistent with previous studies and so that national authorities must continue taking a host of ...

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi* and Rodney Akpoviri Isiorhovoja

...llocation efficiency and profitability of exotic chicken enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was adopted to pick a sample of 120 farmers from whom data were elicited using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings indicate that the average age of respondents was 43 years; majority (85%) of respondents were males with 16 years’ experience in exotic chicken produ...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1

...e improvement of the net profitability of the farmers per unit area simultaneously not compromising with the food security and soil health. Different line spacing’s (inter and intra strip) i.e., 30, 60 and 90 cm were maintained along with different number of lines of pearl millet and mung bean i.e., 1, 2 and 3 in the form of strips for comparison. The results showed that intercropping significantly reduced density and dry biomass of weeds per unit area. ...

Sanjeela Sabahat1*, Juliya Abbasi2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Saima Mumtaz1, Taj Naseeb Khan1, Sudheer Tariq1 and Muhammad Imran1

... growing period and high profitability, it is mostly produced by small scale farmers. However, the changing climate from the past few years has affected strawberry production in Pakistan. Heavy rainfall, along with hailstorms causes damage at the fruit initiation stage. Moreover, the rainfall also lead to the leaching down of the essential micronutrients in strawberry farms. In this study we have tested the foliar application of four micronutrients, iron, zinc...

Anguara Khatun1*, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy2, S.M. Shafikul Gani3, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Tanvir Ahmed1 

...orphology, and increases profit.

Keywords | Probiotics, Enzymes, Broiler performance, Morphology, Cost-benefit
 

...

Kubilay Ucar1, Görkem Oruk2 and Sait Engindeniz1*

...f the research, cost and profitability of plum production for 2018 were calculated in Izmir province. The data of this paper is derived from Izmir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry. Total production costs are determined as 4215.74 US$ ha-1 and variable costs as 1496.88 US$ ha-1. Net profit per decare in plum cultivation was calculated as 816.82 US$ ha-1, relative profit 1....

Muhammad Niamatullah1, Abdur Rehman1* and Raheel Saqib2

...gation, farmers found it profitable to bring uncultivated land under cultivation, enhancing the overall agricultural production in District Dera Ismail Khan.

...

Palwasha1, Siraj-ud-Din1 and Muhammad Fahim2*

...common to maximize their profit (intercropping upto 100% in Dir and Shangla Districts). Peach rot and fruitflies, are prevalent in all peach growing areas. Thirteen diverse insecticides and 22 fungicides alone or in combination are used to manage this twin menace. The indiscriminate use of agrochemicals i.e., 24-30 sprays per season with no effective results; led us to believe that either the pest or pathogen or both might have developed pesticide-resistances....

Muhammad Hanif Khan1, Syed Muhammad Suhail2, Hayaz uddin1, Aitbar Khan3, Rashid Ahmed Magsi3, Rajwali Khan2*, Iftikhar Ahmed2, Asim Ijaz2 and Khalid Khan2

...116/-, So, result in net profit of Rs: 6036.8/- during 7 week period. It is concluded that Achai cattle ration supplementing with high level of YC were observed with increased milk fat, feed intake, Protein, SNF and milk yield. Maximum production was observed with higher proportion of 40g YC as compare to other rations.

...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ayesha Latif2, Majid Hamid Bajwa1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Ali Zohaib1, Naeem Faisal1 and Muhammad Hamza3

...e economic viability and profitability analysis of mechanically transplanted rice (MTR) in comparison to conventional manual transplanting (CT). Convenience and snow-ball non probability sampling method was used due to less adoption rate of MTR with a sample size of 240. Among targeted MTR growers 72% had 6-row riding type mechanical transplanters (MT), 18% had 4-row walk after type MT and 10% had 8-row riding type MT. Super Basmati and PK 386 were found more ...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem*, Muhammad M. Shaklouf, Ali M. Ali and Mohammed H. Bakr

...0 g LAFP/h/d seems to be profitable whereas, it increased milk yield, improved feed efficiency and enhanced immune system response without significant effect on digestibility and milk composition. While, overdose of LAFP might have a negative effect on digestibility.

...

Abid Hussain1, Mubbashira Nazir2*, Saira Batool2 and Sidra Majeed1

...omising productivity and profitability enhancing farming technologies. Access to market and enabling institutions are critical for adoption of these technologies. Characteristics of adopters of these technologies as delineated above should also be given due consideration in promotion of the technologies.

...

Oluwaseun Adetarami1*, Oluwatoyin Olagunju2, Babatunde Adebayo Oyebamiji1, Adegboyega Abel Odeyemi3 and Sina Basil Johnson4

...igned to investigate the profitability and utilization of Farmer Business School (FBS) extension approach on cocoa smallholder farmers in Ondo and Osun States of Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select (160) respondents. The primary data were collected through structured questionnaire. For the data analysis, statistical tools such as budgeting technique and logitistic regression were used. Results of the budgeting technique showed that each f...
Baila Ahmad1, Muhammad Ammar Khan1*, Zulfiqar Ahmad1, Rana Muhammad Bilal2 and Asghar Ali Kamboh3
...increased the industrial profitability by reducing processing yield losses. Furthermore, non-significant changes (p>0.05) in ash, moisture and crude proteins indicated retention of nutritional and market value of the broiler breast. The raw meat samples were not PSE (L* was 52.43±1.6). Thermal processing increased lightness and chroma but decreased redness and hue angle. Furthermore, the 80°C treatment significantly increased product doneness and...

Ahmed Abd El-Salam1*, Yasser Hamouda1, Salah El-Safty2, Ahmed El-Attar2

...ical variables impacting profitability. As a result, the study’s goal is to see how egg-shell quality differs between strains. From the two egg type breeder strains, 240 hatched eggs (120 eggs per strain) were picked at random. The layer breeder flocks were tested at four different ages (22, 33, 43, and 64). The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in egg shell quality between the W-36 and brown hy-lines.Strain and age had a substantia...
Muhammad Jalees
...relationship between SCM profitability, design elements, and the moderating effect of collaborative advertising on its association. The survey-based methodology was used for the collection of data from the Telecom industry in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 250 valid questionnaires was collected from different telecom industries. Data were analyzed using the Cronbach alpha reliability technique with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version ...
Samreen Fatima* and Muddasir-Uddin
...tility to achieve higher profits or lower risk positions. Due to economic globalization and advancement in information technology, the financial market has become increasingly unstable therefore to understand the pattern of the volatility is difficult. This study aims to compare the performance of Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) and the volatility models Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic in Mean (GARCH-M) to forecast the stock markets dat...

Auzair Javaid Butt, Irfan Ullah*, Shahid Ali, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai and Jahangir Khan

...farmers to generate more profit.

...

Hassan A. Aidaros, Eman M. Hafez, Halla E.K. El Bahgy* 

...or the poultry industry, profit mainly depends on efficient cleaning and disinfection. Disinfectants play an essential role in controlling pathogens in health care, animal production, and food-related industries. The effectiveness of a disinfectant is mainly dependent on the active compound chosen, its concentration, and the cleanliness of the surfaces to which it is applied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of some disinfectants (Pr...

Ejaz Ul Haq, Urooba Pervaiz*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and Ayesha Khan

...ivated in tunnel is more profitable as compared to bitter-gourd. Major constraints faced by farmers in tunnel cultivation were high cost of installation and inputs, unavailability of certified seed, fertilizers and pesticides, lack of technical knowledge, lack of cold storage, high cost of transportation, pest and disease attack, defective marketing and lack of credit facility. The study recommends that farmers should be encouraged and facilitated to adopt tun...

Neni Widaningsih1,2*, Budi Hartono2, Hari Dwi Utami2, Eni Siti Rohaeni3 

...ons that get the highest profit share are large traders.

Keywords | Livestock, Swamp Buffalo, Marketing, Margins 

...

Naheed Zahra*, Muhammad Qasim, Muhammad Azam Niazi, Muhammad Ishaq and Mubbashira Nazir

...increase the comparative profitability of gram decreases and hence its production decreases compared to competing crops. It is recommended that as gram producers are risk averse and prefer crops with sustained profitability so there is a need for policy package for improving gram production in gram area. The package may include gram crop insurance packages to farmers that motivate them to enhance the area under gram. To make...

Farwa Batool1*, Riaz ur Rehman1, Samia Ikram2 and Maham Zahara3

...ctor in nursery business profitability. The soil substrates must be non-toxic, environmental friendly, highly sustainable and good in nutrients capacity for better plant growth and economical plant production. The agriculture waste is a good option for soil substrate source in nursery plants production. The present research is focusing on the utilization of agriculture waste with different proportions for better foliage plant growth and development. Different ...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel4, Abdelwahab M. Abdelwahab1,5
...t linearly increased the profit margin, the cost benefit ratio and the return on investment per bird, recording the highest economic efficiency when employing 12% BSFL in the layer diets. Our results conclude that each 3% of the soybean meal in the laying hen’s diet can be replaced by 1% of the BSFL meal to achieve favorable outcomes on the performance, the physiological mechanisms, and the economic profits of egg prod...
Farid S. Nassar1,2, Abdulaziz M. Alsahlawi3, Mohammad A. Al-Mahaish4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2*, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil1, Nancy N. Kamel5
...rsquo; total revenue and profit margin in response to increasing MWM levels in the broiler diet. However, MWM linearly (p < 0.05) decreased the cost-benefit-ratio (CBR) and the return-on-investment outcomes (RoI) due to the restrictive production and the high prices of MWM in the global market. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of MWM as a replacement of the soybean meal has a beneficial effect on the growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics,...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Rehana Kausar2 and Shamim Akhter1

...dered best. The economic profitability for the culture of African catfish in earthen ponds showed that net profit is increased on increasing feeding level from 2 to 4% of wet fish body weight, however, upon further increase in feeding level from 6 and 8%, the feed cost was increased that decreased the net profit. So, it was concluded that the feeding level of 4% wet fish body weight was op...

Imdad Hussain Soomro1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Naeem Rajput1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,6*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi5, Sheva Dhari6, Abdul Wahid Solangi6 and Zoya Parveen Soomro

...espectively. Maximum net profit was earned from B group than A group. It is concluded that goat kids of group B were fed maize silage showed better body growth and more economical values as compared group A were fed fresh maize. 

...
 
 MONIS HUSSAIN SHAH1*, RIAZ UR REHMAN2, RIAZ ALI SHAH1, RIZWAN RAFIQUE3, MUHAMMAD USMAN4, SAJIDA BIBI5 AND SADIA YASEEN
...g factor in earning full profit from gerbera cut-flower sale. The standardization of suitable substrate for extending vase life of gerbera is not present. The gerbera was placed in substrates 6-Benzyleadenine, Silicic acid and Silver nitrate (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ppm) with sucrose (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25g), respectively. The cut flower response was observed by observing the time (days) for sustaining the freshness of cut flowers. Net fresh weight (g) after 15 ...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Ziaul Islam2, Assar Ali Shah3 and Saad Ullah1

...roups. Total revenue and profit during all phases (phases 1, 2, and 3) while cost-benefit ratio during phase-1 and 2 were recorded significantly higher for the control group than all other treatment groups.It is concluded that the effect of different levels of soy hulls in diet did not affect egg weight and egg quality parameters during different phases but economic parameters were significantly higher (P<0.05) amount in the control group than all soybean h...

Siti Azizah1*, Salsa I Latifah1, Irfan H Djunaidi1, Anif M Wati1, Achadiah Rachmawati1, Siti Hamidah2 

...aditionally but involved profit-sharing cooperation on a household scale. We obtained 50 peasant women involved in adegen beef cattle farming as respondents in this study through Quota Sampling. We analyze the data by descriptive qualitative analysis. The results show that wives are productive in households, including on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm sectors. The contribution of wives who perform productive roles is essential. It is at 29.06%, with an...

Keatisak Soisuwan1, Hatairat Plaimast2, Atichat Thongnum3, Soranot Chotnipat4, Manatsanun Nopparatmaitree4* 

...salable bird return, net profits return per bird, return on investment, and feed cost per gain compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Likewise, supplementation of natural multiple enzyme had no effect on the viscosity of the duodenal content and cecal microbial population, of broilers (P > 0.05). In addition, dietary treatments had no significant changes on carcass composition and meat quality (P > 0.05). Inclusion of 100 g/ton feed of natural mult...

Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga 

...dium-scale producers the profitability has been hampered by high incidences of diseases and costs associated with their control. This study aimed to assess the biosecurity practices adopted by broiler farmers in the Pwani region, Tanzania. A structured questionnaire was administered to 78 broiler farmers complemented with on-site observations. Data collected were related to the socio-demographic characteristics, the structure of broiler farms, the level of bio...

Rameez Raja Kaleri1,2*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Raza Ali Mangi3, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptan4, Sana Noor5, Zainab Lanjar6, Hubdar Ali Kolachi7 Abdul Wahid Solangi1 and Sheva Dari1

... to better productivity, profitability, and other desirable outcomes for these breeds. By implementing these strategies, breeders may be able to selectively breed animals with desirable traits and manage their herds more efficiently, leading to overall improvements in the breed’s economic performance.

...

Aditya Chowdhury Avi1,4*, Md Tariqul Islam1,4, Md Saiful Bari2,4, Rebeka Sultana Swapna Khandoker3, Goutam Buddha Das1 

...nificantly increased net profit in FO-treated groups. However, abdominal fat increased linearly with increasing levels of FO supplementation. The serum HDL level was increased, whereas cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased with increasing levels of FO in the broiler diets. It was concluded that supplying 2% or 3% would be effective in both increasing market weight and improving the profit of ...

Samin Ullah1, Huma Rizwana1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Muhammad Naeem1, Ghulam Shabbir Barham1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Anees ur Rahman1, Naseeb Ullah1 and Shafiq ur Rahman Shah1

...oductivity, and increase profitability. Overall, this study highlights the importance of adequate colostrum feeding in the early life of calves, which has significant implications for their long-term growth and development.

...

Saqib Ali Rustam1, Shoaib Sultan Afridi2, Muhammad Inamullah Malik1*, Shakeeb Ullah1, Syed Muhammad Kamal Shah1, Faiqah Ramzan1, Arsalan Khan3, Israr ud Din3, Wasimullah3, Hafiz Ahmad Raza4

...804 ± 0.712). The profitability of other 3 groups was less as compare to group A which was about RS 1575 ± 0.1240. Results indicated that 4% urea treated sugar beet pulp has excellent effect for weight gain of lambs. 
 
Novelty Statement | D.I.Khan is an agriculture based area and majority of people’s economy depends on the livestock. Due to enhancement in input rates farmers ne...

Ayoola J. Shoyombo1, Ake A. Moses1, Comfort I. Ukim2, Mustapha A. Popoola2, Olayinka O. Alabi1, Noah C. Edozie1, Faith Ogbor1, Jacob Kuusu1, Ekemini M. Okon3* 

...ze on these findings for profitability.
 

...

Khadija Begum, Azizunnessa and Md Ahaduzzaman*

...Although goat farming is profitable, reproductive issues have been identified as a significant factor in the declining profitability of goat farming. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of reproductive problems in does and how they are currently treated. Relevant data on different gynecological cases in does were collected from the record sheets of a teaching veterinary hospital in Chattogram district from August 2...

Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2

...treatment could increase profits by reducing morbidity, diarrhea cases, and mortality, and improving the performance of breeding male calves during suckling and the early post-weaning period. 
 
Keywords | Friesian-calves, Propolis, Thyme, Immunoglobulins, Hematology, Blood constituents
...

Siswanto Imam Santoso*, Agus Setiadi, Maulina Syafa’ati Ningrum 

...arch aims to analyze the profitability of the broiler farming business in partnership with Ciomas Adisatwa Ltd in Kaliwungu District, Kudus Regency. This research uses a survey method. The sampling method in this study was total sampling or census with a total of 6 farmers. The sample was divided into two levels: strata I 1-30,000 broilers and strata II > 30,000 broilers chicken. The data analysis method used was descriptive statistical analysis. Data were ...

Ruth Dameria Haloho1*, Jisril Palayukan1, Agus Setiadi2, Edy Rianto2, Nadlirotun Luthfi3

...roduction factors on the profit of the buffalo farming business used in funeral ceremony in West Sulawesi Province. This study used a survey method. The locations were selected by purposive random sampling for the highest population of buffalo. One hundred buffalo farmers were taken as respondents by a multistage random sampling method. The data were obtained by observation and direct interviews the farmers. The data was analysed descriptively and quantitative...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2

...R, was calculated at net profit Rs; (228998/ha), (1.70), in pesticide applied module and (197065/ha), (2.74), non-pesticide module with net income followed by Mehrabpur, (213366/ha), (1.54), (186080/ha), (2.54), Bhiria, (194077/ha), (1.32), (176972/ha), (2.40), Naushahro Feroze, (164287/ha), (1.17), (135057/ha), (1.60), and Moro (134452/ha), (0.99), (99789/ha), (1.21), respectively. In this region, citriuculture is the trademark industry and Citrus limon fruit...

Eluzia A. Barus*, Khansa N. Salsabilah, Achmad Firman, Linda Herlina

...any business needs to be profitable to be economically sustainable. This research aims to analyze profitability and Break Even Point in closed-house system broiler chicken farming businesses with a capacity of 63,000 birds. We will also plan developmental strategies to increase the business’ income. This research was conducted using the survey method at Camara Farm, Cigendel Village, Pamulihan District, Sumedang Regenc...

Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga 

...xperience, who made more profit from their production than the rest of the older and more experienced farmers (groups 2 and 3). This study therefore showed that the productivity of broiler farms in the coastal region of Tanzania was low to average, and the reasons for this included the high cost of poultry inputs, the inefficiency of poultry farming management, and the selling price of broilers.  

...

Pham Tan Nha*, Le Thu Thuy

...n, providing the highest profit without affecting the growth of broiler Muscovy ducks during the 7 to 12 weeks period.
 
Keywords | Black soldier fly larvae protein, Fish meal, Growth, Muscovy duck
...

Noura K. Al-Suwailem1, Nancy N. Kamel2, Ahmed O. Abbas1,3*, Farid S. Nassar1,3 , Dalia A.A. Elsayed4, Gouda F. Gouda1,5, Hosam M. Safaa6

...’ productivity and profitability. Stress exposure induces oxidative stress, which affects the general metabolism of heat-stressed birds and impairs carcass yield and meat quality. We investigated the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MLM) supplementation in heat-stressed (HS) broilers on their blood metabolites, antioxidant bio-indicators, carcass yield, and meat quality. We used three hundred one-day-old Cobb chickens and were randomly divided into ...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

...ghest LER of 1.74, a net profit of ₦566,435.00 and benefit cost ratio of 1.44 was relatively similar to sole sweet potato. Therefore, the above intercropping pattern established in the month of June will minimize weed infestation and improve productivity of maize and sweet potato in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria.

...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito2, Bhugro Mal3 and Naseem Qureshi4

...ow the potential to earn profitable yield.

...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
... farm forestry is a very profitable activity that has multiple benefits including source of cash income. The study recommends to diversify tree species and include more species particularly nitrogen fixing native species such as Kikar, Shisham and Siris in the farmland plantations. There is also need to educate farmers on optimum spacing for plantations of different species in the area.

Keywords: Agroforestry, Tree growth, Plantation, Poplar,...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...ery or trees have proved profitable economic activity for them. The 80-84% respondents perceived that the tree planting trend would increase in future. 78% showed their willingness to continue tree growing on their farms. 100% nursery farmers wanted to continue nursery raising business. Forest Department was found effective source of information dissemination as expressed by 86% respondents followed by newspapers, TV and Radio media. Negative perceptions regar...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...is recommended that more profitable and efficient strains like J-99, J-101, 205-MKD, etc. should be reared at 24±1°C with 75±5% RH. In addition, training of mulberry plants should be carried out before the autumn rearing to get young nutritious leaves.

Key words: Silkworm, Bombyx mori, Rearing, Efficiency, Mulberry leaf.

...
Babar Sohail and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...own that the former is a profitable practice having high benefit cost ratio than the later. Moreover, out of total sample population, 45 percent of the farmers have sold 66,300 Eucalyptus trees earning 13.2 million rupees which is a handsome amount generated from about 55 acres during the last 8 years. More than 74 percent farmers reported negative effects of shade of Eucalyptus trees on wheat production while only 6% farmers who belonged to waterlogged areas ...
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
...grams by creating better profitability from planting Eucalyptus. Beside many other marketing and utilization measures the export potential of Eucalyptus wood chips from Pakistan could be an alternative to improve eucalyptus marketing and hence its profitability and production. In the present study benefit cost analysis has been carried out to determine the economic feasibility of manufacturing Eucalyptus chips at the...
Muhammad Hafeez and Wahid Rasheed
...was Rs. 1071/- hence net profit was Rs. 712/- per hectare....
K. M. Siddiqui
...lture has been practiced profitably in Pakistan for a long time by a large number of rural people. It has, however, not gone beyond a minor cottage industry due to lack of knowledge of modern and scientific techniques for production of commercial silk seed, absence of adequate mulberry plantations, non-existence of local training facilities and constraints in processing and marketing of silk cocoons and raw silk. The prices of cocoons also fluctuate cons...
Saliheen Khan and M. I. Sheikh
...0 leaving a very nominal profit margin of Rs. 5 per sq.m. The current annual consumption of wood is around 70,000m3; the projected demand of round-wood for the years 1990, 1995and 2000 is 107,000,144,000and 180,000m3 respectively....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...s which cannot be worked profitably are relegated to the protection working circle. Only dead, dying and diseased trees may be removed from these areas or thinnings carried out in congested crops....

Muazzam Hashmi1, Braima Pascal Komba1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2*, Almazea Fatima1, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3

...flower cultivation seems profitable, the government and other stakeholders should provide training facilities and appropriate planting materials for florists to produce effectively and efficiently. In addition, infrastructural facilities like good roads leading to the farms and storage facilities are made available to the florists for suitable marketing.

...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Aleem Khan1

...ay thus reducing the net profitability. It was concluded that dietary protein requirement of African catfish ranged between 35-40% CP. For the commercial production of African catfish 35% crude protein level in the feed was optimum.

...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

...g densities. Highest net profit as well as net production achieved at a stocking density of 20,000/acre followed by 15,000 and 10,000/acre stocking density. From this study it can be concluded that African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) can be cultured at elevated stocking densities for gaining maximum production in Pakistan.

...

Bilal Ahmed1, Asep Setiaji1*, Lisa Praharani4, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari3, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin4,5,6,7, Windu Negara2, Azhar Ali1, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Hamza Zulfiqar1, Alina Munawar8

...ustainability thrives on profitable milk production, which demands an in-depth knowledge of influencing aspects. One of the dietary aspect involves Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a yeast that improves nutrient digestibility and milk yield. This meta-analysis, encompassing 44 research studies and 59 comparisons, investigates the link between Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation and milk yield in Holstein, Holstein-Friesian, and Holstein-Friesian x Thai Native ca...

Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*

...lk quality and gain more profit by minimizing feed costs. 
...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Naila Chand1 and Muhammad Tahir2

...n the T2 group while the profit and cost-benefit ratio had a higher (P<0.05) value in the CON and T1 diet groups. The total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were calculated (P<0.05) higher in the CON group while all other hematological and serum biochemistry parameters were not affected and were in the normal range. It is concluded that the replacement of soybean meal in the diet of laying hens by 3% SH in combination with enzyme (β-Man...

Hazrat Younas1,*, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai1, Amjad Ali1 and Rizwan Ahmad2

...al staking led to higher profits, with Rs. 4,25,875/- compared to Rs. 1,92,000/- for linear staking, demonstrating the increased profitability of vertical staking practices. Based on the analysis, the study offers recommendations to foster the growth, promotion, and enhancement of vertically structured tomato production. Notably, labor costs constitute a substantial portion, approximately 50%, of tomato production expenses i...
Niaz Hussain1, Muneer Abbas1*, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Aslam1, Mudassar Khaliq1, Khalid Hussain2, Muahammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Zubeda Parveen1, Fiaz Hussain3 and Azhar Mahmood Aulakh4
...e the sustainability and profitability of chickpea cultivation.
...

Md. Gausur Rahman1*, S.M. Harun-Ur-Rashid1, Md. Golam Azam1, Md. Ahsan Habib2, Golapi Rani Devsharma1 

...roahes are suggested for profitable Sonali poultry farming

...

Muhammad Khubaib1*, Muhammad Salman Khan1, Zia Ur Rahman2, Nafees Ahmad1, Muhammad Atif Haider1 and Mushtaq Ahmad Khan3

...l-based protein diet for profitable farming. By creating more enticing and delectable artificial feed, changing feeding strategy, and making more attractive artificial feed, additional study is required to reduce the generation of shooters at juvenile stages.

...

Sadia Rashid1, Muhammad Waqas Alam Chattha2, Almazea Fatima1*, Muhammad Farooq Hyder3 and Nazia Tabasam1

Fazli Amin1*, Amjad Usman1, Maqsood Shah¹ and Sarzamin Khan²

...cant increase in the net profit was observed in the D4 group as compared to the leftover groups. Based on the current findings, it is concluded that T. molitor at the rate of 2.0 g/kg in broiler feed improves the production performance, boosts the immune response against the Newcastle disease, and increases the economic return.

...

Danyal Khan1, Abdur Rahman1, Muhammad Shuaib2,3*, Sohaib Ul Hassan4, Abubakar Sufyan5, Wajid Ullah1, Seema Jani1, Obaid Ullah6 and Shahrood Ahmed Siddiqui7

...e incidence, and overall profitability. Twelve calves were randomly selected and divided into four groups. Group A (control group) calves were fed with raw milk, while calves in groups B, C, and D were fed with milk replacer (MR) having levels of 13%, 16%, and 19% respectively. A Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used to analyze the data statistically. Results revealed that total intake was significantly higher in groups B and C than in groups A and D. Tota...

Punjab University Journal of Zoology

June

Vol.39, Iss. 1, Pages 01-134

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