Ryan T. Cragun1*, Joseph H. Hammer2, Michael Nielsen3
Shahab e Saqib, Mokbul Morshed Ahmad, Sanaullah Panezai, Hidayatullah, Khalid Khan Khattak
...align: justify;"> Ensuring farmers’ access to agricultural credit market has been prioritized in agriculture finance policies of Pakistan. The main objectives of this study are to explore farmers’ access to different formal and informal credit sources, and to investigate their credit adequacy and the role of important socio-economic factors in access to credit. The data were collected from 87 farming households in Mardan Tehsil of Mardan Distr...
Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4
Hira Akhter1, Bilal Aslam2*, Naveed Shahzad3, Tanzeela Farooq4, Muhammad Umer5 and Muhammad Hidayat Rasool2
...resent study aimed at measuring the antibody titres against H9N2 influenza viruses and its molecular detections in asymptomatic commercial layers from Faisalabad district of Punjab, Pakistan. Overall 120 blood samples, 24 tissue samples from each organ (trachea, lung and intestine) were collected from the 12 commercial layer flocks selected randomly at the age of 35-50 weeks without any direct clinical manifestation of avian influenza. Serum collected from 120...
Naushad Khan1*, Shahnaz Akhtar1, Munir Khan1, Shaista Naz2, Javeria Tanveer1 and Muhammad Kaleem3
...type of credit program ensuring proper utilization of credit should also be replicated to other districts of the province....
Muhammad Waqas1*, Anwar Ali Shad1, Omaira Bashir2 and Mohsin Iqbal3
... peel was assessed by measuring Rancimat’s test and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by using 50 to 200 mg/kg carotenoids in sunflower oil and spaghetti. The sunflower oil containing 50 to 200 mg/kg carotenoids showed higher antioxidant activity in comparison to 200 mg/kg Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Optimum cooking time, its weight and swelling index were remained same at different level of oil carotenoids tomato peel powder when compared with contro...
Wazha Mugabe1,2, Lawrence Akanyang1, Mackenzie Nsinamwa1, Batanani Moatswi1, Naledi Matthews1, Kealeboga Dipheko1, Imtiaz Ahmed Ujjan3 and Assar Ali Shah2*
...wo parallel transects measuring 1000 m radiating from the water points (borehole) were established. Sampling plots of sizes 10m x 10m were systematically placed along each transect at intervals of 50m for the first 500m and the last 500m the spacing interval was increased by 100m. The botanical composition (P<0.05) of fodder trees along grazing gradients was composed of 20 and 12 species for fenced and unfenced areas, respectively. The grazing gradient in f...
M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul
Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
...nish-yellow in colour measuring 0.120 cm diameter and laid in an ovisac that 3-4 times the body length. Eggs are covered with white waxy substances developed ventrally by the adult female. Egglaying is continued up to 2 weeks and 150-200 eggs were deposited during this period. The life cycle is completed within 29 days at an average room temperature of 25 ± 1ºC and 67 ± 5 % RH. The adult life span for male and female were 29 and 27 days, res...
Ali Karabacak1, Senol Celik2, Adile Tatliyer3, Ismail Keskin1, Yakup Erdal Erturk4, Ecevit Eyduran5, Yasir Javed6 and Mohammad Masood Tariq7,*
...Region of Turkey. For measuring the predictive performance of three algorithms in Models I and II, goodness of fit criteria (coefficient of determination (R2%), adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj.R2%), coefficient of variation (CV%), SD ratio, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Relative Approximation Error (RAE), and Pearson correlation coefficient between actual and predicted values were calculated. For both Models, CHAID and CART we...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...idase was assessed by measuring the conversion of guaiacol to tetraguaiacol, spectrophotometrically, at a wavelength of 470 nm. The peroxidase activity was measured in the selected organs exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations of iron chloride. The results revealed that peroxidase activity was increased significantly in both kidney and liver after exposure to iron chloride in all the treatments as compared to the control group. It was found that enzyme p...
Phong Huy Pham*
...aging behavior of Delta esuriens is observed on a female wasp. To paralyze the prey, a total of two stings in its abdomen segments are used by D. esuriens. The first sting aims at the sixth segment and the second at the seventh segment. The total time of catching the prey is about four minutes. A green worm, one of mainly insect pests on sesban, is one of the preferred prey of D. esuriens....
Muhammad Tariq1*, Muhammad Khawar Hussain1, Zilakat Khan Malik2 and Noor Jehan1
...Frontier Approach for measuring the technical efficiency of strawberry production at farm level. For this purpose data has been collected from 382 randomly selected strawberry producers of two purposively selected villages of district Charsadda. Out of 382 producers 176 were located in Tebana Dhere and 206 in Sarkai village. It is find out that 47% of land area was under the cultivation of strawberry with average production of 2898 kilogram per acre. The per a...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...n education along with ensuring the availability of healthy and affordable gluten free choices, instead of merely emphasizing on compliance to gluten free diet, may ensure good nutritional status of Pakistani celiac patients.
... 
Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*
...total seed proteins of Kasuri methi (GI of Kasur, Pakistan) was evaluated with other Trigonella genotypes by SDS-PAGE. Results showed that at protein level Kasuri methi acquired a unique status as a G.I of Kasur. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) of 28 genotypes including both methi and methray from various agro ecological zones of Pakistan were interlinked to some extent however Kasuri methi make ...
A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**
AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...ionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of extension activities performed by public and private sector extension field staff. The results revealed that a number of farmers received visits from private extension field staff on a fortnightly, monthly and quarterly basis, but not from public extension staff during these periods. When public field staff did visit, the favored method of extension was by exhibition and seminar, which ranked 1st and nd 2 , ...
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...(Heihe River, Amur and Ussuri River) to identify the taxonomic status in terms of morphological variation among these species or subspecies. Results of geometric morphometric analysis indicated significantly morphological variation in body shape among three morphotypes based on 18 landmarks. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components were 72.99%. CV1 (65.77%) and CV2 (34.23%) were well...
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
...he baseline group for measuring initial body composition. Another seven lambs were also randomly chosen and offered a pelleted mixed diet (approximately concentrate : roughage = 60 : 40, DM basis) for ad libitum intake and slaughtered at 41.73 ± 0.53 kg BW. The remaining lambs (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 treatment intake levels (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A ...
Pei-Ying Peng1,2, Xian-Guo Guo1,2,* and Dao-Chao Jin2
...ed spiny rat, Maxomys surifer Miller, 1900 in Jingha, Yunnan province of southwest China. The sternal shield of L. jinghaensissp. nov. is deeply concave anteriorly with serrate internal sides. There are many distinct transverse lines in the presternal area where the sternal shield is deeply concave. By these morphological features, the new species can be easily identified and differentiated from some other laelaps.
...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
...of the art technology, ensuring round the year high quality vegetables free from any residual effects and multiple time productivity in specially developed glasshouses under controlled weather conditions during summer and winter. Rising population and stagnancy both in yield of vegetables and cultivated area of the country, are negatively affecting food supply in Pakistan. Supply of hydroponics products provides solution to the problem of decade old stagnancy ...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3
...ere mixed in the feed measuring 150 ppb and fed to various broiler groups. Mycotoxin binders were also added into the feed and offered to group E and F from 14th-42nd day of age. The impact of mycotoxin binders on antibody titer against New Castle disease virus, feed consumption, weight gain, relative weights of lymphoid organs and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were investigated. Chicks fed aflatoxins (group B) alone manifested ...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1, Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...bsorbers were done by measuring the absorption spectra of the 0.5% extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations for 7 days. The preliminary experiment showed that the LC50 and LC95 for the first instar larvae were 1.59 x 103 PIB and 4.91 x 107 PIB,...
Naveed Akhtar1, Humaira Zareen2* and Rubina Sarmad3
...ured with the help of measuring tape and weighing machine, respectively.
Results: Mean age of the students was 19.5 ± 2.1. All the participants were unmarried, 108 (94.7%) liked traditional food, and 84 (73.3%) had a habit of daily breakfast intake. Most of the students (n=73, 64%) were consuming fast/junk food while 81(71.1%) of the students used to take meat and meat products three times a week. A total of 42 respondents (36.8...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...ere set at 4 and 2 for ensuring strong predictive accuracy with the Bonferroni adjustment. MARS algorithm gave a very good performance in the prediction of final fattening weight according to goodness of fit criteria i.e. R2 (0.983) and SDRATIO (0.114). Very strongly significant Pearson correlation coefficient (r=0.992) between observed and predicted FFW values in the MARS were found for the cultural beef cattle enterprises, respec...
Impacts of Climate Change on Livestock and Livestock Produces: A Case Study of Banke District, Nepal
Anish Shrestha* and Samata Baral
...ers’ economy and insuring food security....
Muhammad Israr1*, Saeed Ullah1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Asif Yaseen3, Urooba Pervaiz4 and Nafees Ahmad5
...value severity on the measuring scale, which may be overcome by taking different sector-specific adaptive and preventive measures at the farm, institutional and policy level ...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
...eum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus granarius in an experimental chamber. We tested two DDVP evaporation regimes from the strips, namely, “preventive” and “repressive”. In the “preventative” regime, the strips are introduced 168 h before pest exposure whereas in the “repressive” regime strips are introduced concurrently with...
Amara Amjad Hashmi1,2,*, Maqbool Hussain Sial3, Waqar Akram4 and Maaida Hussain Hashmi5,6
...e in Pakistan through measuring the food insecurity, malnutrition during last decade (2005-14). This study takes lead from earlier studies, in a sense; it covers two food price hike periods (2007 and 2011). So, it is important to understand, how food insecurity status and nutrition are affected by these shocks during this period. Thus, we use nationally representative data called as Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) from 2005-2014. Pakistan Bureau...
Rahila Huma1,2, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2, Sana Javaid Awan3,Kiran Iftikhar4 and Mufakkira-Tul-Islam5
...plex was estimated by measuring its cytotoxicity for human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Both compounds PFA and PFA-Cd were prepared and subsequently characterized by FTIR, ICP-AES, UV-Vis, TGA, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FAB-MS. The results were in great consistency with the structures of the both compounds. Furthermore, the ligand and its metal complex were screened for their cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. It was found that t...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
Owen Flanagan, Mona Letourneau and Wenqing Zhao
...op useful metrics for measuring happiness and well-being. The 2018 World Happiness Report (http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/), like its predecessors since 2012, ranks countries – now 156 – in terms of overall happiness, happiness of immigrants, and so on. The teams that produce the World Happiness Reports claim that six variables explain most -- as much as 70% -- of the variation in the rankings of happiness among nation states:...
Arshad Farooq* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
...ndex was applied as a measuring tool. The empirical results indicated that no knowledge gap was found among farmers of D.I. Khan district regarding land preparation, sowing and harvesting time while in case of Mardan district no knowledge gap was observed in sowing and harvesting time. Farmers of D.I. Khan district had low knowledge gap (1 to 20%) in cane varieties, seed quantity, sowing practices, irrigation application, stoppage...
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...tathione (GSH) and by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO). Catalase activity increased significantly in liver and gills of fish exposed to 10μg/l of DBP. Level of GSH and LPO increased significantly in gills while a non-significant decrease was recorded for GSH and GST in liver. These results showed that exposure to low concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate are capable of inducing oxidative stress in vital organs of fish that may cause detrimental effects o...
Bo Zhang1, Changbo Zhu1, Zihao Meng1,4, Baosuo Liu1, Lian Zhong3, Guiju Huang1, Jiaqi Su1, Sigang Fan1 and Dahui Yu1,2,*
... TCC of the adductor. Measuring the a* is, therefore, likely to be an appropriate, rapid, reliable, and nondestructive method to estimate TCC in bivalves.
...
Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3
...wing the yield gap and ensuring food security. The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of peach (Prunus persica L.) residues and soil application of Trichoderma (soft-rot fungi) along with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and its yield contributing parameters. The consecutive field experiments for years 2016 and 2017...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...iods, in parallel with ensuring the selenium requirements, because the natural zeolite can improve the reproductive capacity and productive performance of cows, the health status of the resulting calves.
...
Farheen Shafique1, Shaukat Ali2,*, Saiqa Andleeb1, Abdul Rauf1,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi1,3, Sadia Idrees4, Faisal Farooq1,3, Faiq Nawaz Khan3,4, Muhammad Saad-ul-Hassan1,3, Raja Awais Mumtaz1,3, Saba Khalid1, Zaheem Ashraf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2 and Fazal-ur-Rehman5
...s to pay attention for ensuring 100% safe blood transfusion.
...
Muhammad Israr1*, Helen Ross2, Shakeel Ahmad3, Nafess Ahmad4 and Urooba Pervaiz5
...ipatory approaches as measuring strategies for farm poverty. This study was designed to develop a new methodological framework to measure multidimensional poverty that builds on the previous index for measuring three dimensions of poverty at the micro level, and a method to calculate the extent of poverty by using the Alkire and Foster model. The expanded dimensions of multidimensional poverty identified are wealth status, p...
Using Smartphone Application to Estimate the Defoliation Caused by Insect Herbivory in Various Crops
Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Sajjad Ali2, Asad Abdullah1, Samina Khalid3, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1, Muhammad Afzal1 and Jaima Molina-Ochoa5
...an accurate leaf area measuring tool of foliar damage with minimum time and cost and can be used in various crops for damage assessment....
Lei Gao1, Gong-xue Jia2, Zheng-yuan Huang1, Ming-xing Yue3, Chao Zhang1, Shi-en Zhu1 and Xiang-wei Fu1,*
...ation was examined by measuring the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). DNA DSBs were examined by immunostaining of pi-H2AX, the marker of DNA DSBs. The results showed that the GVBD rates were similar in oocytes of young and aged mice. Polar body extrusion was significantly delayed in aged mice (P < 0.05), however the rate of polar body extrusion was similar to that of young mice at 16 h of IVM. Moreover, PN formation of parth...
Gulzar Mehmood1*, M. Zahid Khan1, Haseeb Ur Rahman1, and Sohail Abbas2
AN EFFICIENT AND SECURE SESSION KEY ESTABLISHMENT SCHEME FOR HEALTH-CARE APPLICATIONS IN WIRELESS BODY AREA NETWORKS
.... In such applications ensuring human
vital sign privacy and security is very important. To address this important issue, in this paper we propose a novel
secure session key establishment scheme for WBAN in health-care domain to ensure security and privacy of vital
sign related to human body. In the proposed scheme, session key is established for a specific period of time in order
to communicate important data related to vital signs...
vital sign privacy and security is very important. To address this important issue, in this paper we propose a novel
secure session key establishment scheme for WBAN in health-care domain to ensure security and privacy of vital
sign related to human body. In the proposed scheme, session key is established for a specific period of time in order
to communicate important data related to vital signs...
Muhammad Alam Zeb Khan1*, Muhammad Ali Kamran1, Khan Muhammad2, Khizar Azam1
IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL OPERATING PARAMETERS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE COAL FOR USE IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIES
...ustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective
combustion. The study will help in effective utilization of indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan....
be readily combustible within the operating ranges, while tight control of the operating parameters was required
to combust coal at mesh size 150. Optimum ranges of primary air and Air-Fuel Ratio are suggested for effective
combustion. The study will help in effective utilization of indigenous coal reserves of Pakistan....
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...ace of development and assuring timely completion of projects. The author adopts methodology of quantitative analysis using SPSS for drawing important conclusion from research. ...
Waqas Anwar, Iftikhar Hussain
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...ace of development and assuring timely completion of projects. The author adopts methodology of quantitative analysis using SPSS for drawing important conclusion from research. ...
Waqas Anwar1*, Iftikhar Hussain1
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT BETWEEN RESTIVE REGIONS OF PAKISTAN AND REMAINING PART OF COUNTRY
...ace of development and assuring timely completion of projects. The author adopts
methodology of quantitative analysis using SPSS for drawing important conclusion from research.
... 
