Development of Concentrated Bitter Almond Emulsions as Acaricides for Rhipicephalus Turanicus Ticks
Development of Concentrated Bitter Almond Emulsions as Acaricides for Rhipicephalus Turanicus Ticks
Khakim R. Tukhtaev1, Adolat U. Mirzaeva2*, Firuza D. Akramova2, Orifjon Khamidov3, Ruziboy K. Shapaotov2, Javokhir R. Esonboev2, Shoira O. Saidova2, Angela Monica Ionică5*, Kakali Bhadra4
ABSTRACT
In recent years, plant extracts have emerged as promising candidates for acaricidal applications. This study evaluates the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bitter almond emulsions, such as shelf life, dispersed phase particle size, mechanical resistance, and temperature stability. Amygdalin, identified as the main active component, comprises 27.2% of the alcoholic extract in these emulsions. Diluting concentrated emulsions with water creates a solution suitable for acaricidal use. Dilution experiments demonstrated the emulsion’s shift from W/O to O/W type with increasing dilution. By adding water to the concentrated emulsions, a milky working solution with a pH range of 7-8 was obtained, suitable for tick control. Acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks was observed in concentrations ranging from 0.05% to 1.0%. W/O type emulsions showed higher insecticidal efficacy, up to 75%, compared to O/W type emulsions, which have activity up to 50 percent. The concentrated emulsions exhibited stability with a shelf life of two years. Working personals and warm-blooded animals were not significantly impacted by the emulsions. Field studies further confirmed the effectiveness of the emulsions in controlling R. turanicus ticks in livestock settings. This research contributes to the exploration of alternative pest control strategies, addressing the limitations associated with traditional pyrethroids. Further studies and development of these emulsions can enhance their potential as an effective and sustainable solution in pest management.
Keywords | Acaricidal activity, Alcoholic extract, Concentrated emulsions, Pest control, Phase transition, Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks
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