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Dispersal of Cayratia japonica Seeds by Birds in an Urban Green Space in China

Dispersal of Cayratia japonica Seeds by Birds in an Urban Green Space in China

Yang Pan1,2, Yang Huang3, Guo-hai Wang4* and Qi-hai Zhou3*

1Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology Conservation in Southwest Anhui, College of Life Science, Anqing Normal University, Anqing Anhui 246133, China
2Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
3Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin Guangxi 541006, China
4College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guangxi Normal University for Nationalities, Chongzuo Guangxi 532200, China
 
Yang Pan and Yang Huang contributed equally to this study.
 
* Corresponding author: 1016729581@qq.com, zhouqh@ioz.ac.cn

Fig. 1.

Location map of Guilin Botanical Garden, China.

Fig. 2.

Correspondence relationship between avian frugivores and Cayratia japonica based on feeding behavior. Widths of connecting lines denote the number of observed interactions (wider represents higher intensity of visiting). Avian frugivores: A, Pycnonotus xanthorrhous; B, Zosterops japonicus; C, Pycnonotus sinensis; D, Hemixos castanonotus; E, Hypsipetes mcclellandii; F, Urocissa erythrorhyncha; G, Turdus merula; H, Streptopelia orientalis; I, Parus venustulus; K, Parus major; J, Pycnonotus jocosus.

Fig. 3.

Relationship between bird foraging time and the number of seeds removed.

Fig. 4.

Relationship between seed dispersal distance and bird flight traits (a, b).

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

October

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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