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Distribution of the Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Lucanidae) within Romania, Europe

PJZ_55_2_625-640

Distribution of the Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Lucanidae) within Romania, Europe

Cristina Stancă Moise1*, Cornelia Chimișliu2, Mihaela Arinton3, Tom Brereton4 and George Moise1

1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Lucian Blaga, University of Sibiu, Romania

2Oltenia Museum Craiova, Romania

3Ion Borcea Museum of Natural Sciences, Bacău, Romania

4Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP UK

ABSTRACT

The paper summarises the distribution of Lucanus cervus (stag beetle) in Romania over the period 1891–2020 based onliterature reviews, museum specimens and occurrence data (the latter especially from within Natura 2000 sites). The main data sources are reports published in specialized literature; data preserved at the” Ion Borcea” Museum of Natural Sciences in Bacău; on-site observations and collections by Cristina Stancă Moise between the years 2000-2020; as well as the previous work and personal communications of Cornelia Chimişliu (2010-2019), Mihaela Arinton (2003) and N. Olenici (2018). After collation of all data sources, 225 locations for the species were identified in 37 counties (each containing Natura 2000 sites) along with Bucharest City. Based on these data we have drawn a map of the distribution of this species in Romania’s nine regions, also considering the collecting period. Considering the gaps in studying the distribution of this protected species in Romania, our paper forms a new baseline for future surveys and studies on Lucanus cervus.


Article Information

Received 05 August 2021

Revised 03 April 2022

Accepted 21 April 2022

Available online 15 June 2022

(early access)

Published 19 December 2022

Authors’ Contribution

CSM, CC, MA, TB and GM designed the research. CSM, CC and MA conducted research. GM and CSM prepared figures and tables. CSM Wrote and revised the draft.

Key words

Lucanus cervus, Distribution, Regions, Natura 2000 sites, Romania, Europe

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjz/20210805120809

* Corresponding author: cristinamoise1@yahoo.com

0030-9923/2023/0002-625 $ 9.00/0

Copyright 2023 by the authors. Licensee Zoological Society of Pakistan.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).



Introduction

Lucanus cervus (Linnaeus, 1758), known as the stag beetle, is a large Coleoptera species found all over Europe. Due to habitat loss and/or fragmentation, IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) considers it to be “Near Threatened” (NT) (Nieto and Alexander, 2010) and in need of monitoring (Harvey et al., 2011). As a consequence, at a European level it. the species is protected by the European Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats which was adopted at Bern in 1979 and by the Council Directive no. 92/43/CEE (https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm), known as the Habitats Directive (Animal and plant species of community interest whose conservation requires the designation of special areas of conservation). The situation in Romania is better, the species being protected here by the Government Emergency Order no. 57 of 2007 (http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/83289). During the period 2013-2018, the species was therefore considered as having a Favorable Conservation Status (https://liferosalia.ro/lucanus-cervus), now its status being assessed as Low Risk (Tatole et al., 2009).

The importance of the species is reflected by ample research on its distribution, habitat, monitoring and conservation that contains severaldistribution maps (Bardiani et al., 2017; Campanaro and Bardiani, 2012; Davies et al., 2008; Fremlin and Fremlin, 2010; Halil et al., 2013; Hawes, 2008; Kuźmiński et al., 2020; Méndez et al., 2017; Pérez-Bote et al., 2006; Pratt, 2000; Rink and Sinsch, 2006; Thomaes et al., 2008, 2017; Thomaes, 2009).

One of the best-known maps of L. cervus’ distribution in Europe (Fig. 1) is based on the data received from specialists of several European countries (both from countries with comprehensive and incomplete data bases, examples of the latter being Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine) (Harvey et al., 2011).

 

In Romania, the focus of survey efforts on the presence of L. cervus since 2007 has been on Natura 2000 sites and the results of this researchhave been reported in specialized papers (Arinton and Ciornei, 2015; Bărbuceanu et al., 2015; Bărbuceanu, 2017; Bobîrnac et al., 1973; Bucşe and Tăuşan, 2010; Bussler et al., 2005; Chimişliu, 2006, 2007a, b, 2014, 2017; Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013; Fleck, 1905; Fusu et al., 2015; Ieniştea, 1975; Istrate, 2016; Manu et al., 2017; Marcu, 1928; Montandon, 1906; Negru and Roşca, 1967; Niculescu and Mitrea, 2016; Nițu, 2007; Ochs, 1921; Petri, 1912; Procheş, 1997; Prunar et al., 2013; Roşca, 1976; Ruicănescu, 1992; Stan, 2013; Stan and Nițu, 2013; Stan et al., 2016). This research resulted in three historical distribution maps of L. cervus. Firstly, 48 Sites of Community Importance (SCIs) were identified in 25 counties (Fig. 2) in 2009 (Tatole et al., 2009).

Secondly, a finer-scale distribution map of 10x10 km2 (Fig. 3) resolution was produced based on data provided by Petru Istrate and Otto Merkl of the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Harvey et al., 2011). The authors concluded that the species is in decline in Romania, though this assessment can be questioned given the limited data they used. The majority of Istrate’s and Merkl’s data was collected in Transylvania and Banat as well as Romania’s neighbor, the Republic of Moldova, and therefore incomplete for seven of Romania’s nine regions.

In 2013, Stan published a third map (Fig. 4) based on the data kept in the collections of the “Grigore Antipa” Natural History Museum in Bucharest and on specimens photographed by the authors on several Romanian sites (Stan, 2013).

 

 

 

The Natura 2000 programme of surveys reflected by these maps has shown that L. cervus is, generally speaking, the most frequently recorded Coleoptera, a frequency that suggests its good conservation status (Bucşe and Tăuşan, 2010; Prunar et al., 2013; Stan and Nițu, 2013; Bărbuceanu, 2017; Istrate, 2016; Manu et al., 2017; Niculescu and Mitrea, 2016; Stan et al., 2016).

The aim of this paper is to provide an updated and wider-ranging description and distribution map of the past and current distribution of L. cervus in Romania’s nine regions, comprising 41 counties and the Capital City–Bucharest based on data collected between 1891 (first record) and 2020. We hope that our results will encourage further surveys and ecological studies on L. cervus in Romania and Europe.

Materials and Methods

This paper is based on the following materials: Reports published in specialized literature, unpublished data preserved in the collection of “Ion Borcea” Museum of Natural Sciences in Bacau that was extracted by Mihaela Arinton, data originating from field observations and specimens collected by Cristina Stancă Moise in the period 2000–2020 and personal communication with Cornelia Chimişliu (2010-2019), Mihaela Arinton (2003) and N. Olenici (2018). The previously published reports pertain to specimens preserved in the collections of the Museum of Oltenia in Craiova (Chimişliu, 2007), the Museum of Natural History in Sibiu (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013) and the “Grigore Antipa” Natural History Museum in Bucharest (Stan, 2013). In the following, the data gathered from literature will be identified as previous reports. We reference this data by collecting location (with geographical coordinates) and year of report, followed by the name of the authors of the paper and the publication year. The unpublished data are identified as original data. Here, we indicate the number and sex of the insects, collecting location (with geographic coordinates), collection year and collector’s name (legit). For a more encompassing overview of the Lucanus cervus distribution, we also present the Sites of Community Importance where the species have been identified in the Order No. 2387 of September 29, 2011 (https://biodiversity.europa.eu/countries/romania) for the modification of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development Order No. 1964 (https://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/legislation/habitatsdirective/index_en.htm), regarding the establishment in Romania of the nature protected area status for the Sites of Community Importance, as integrant part of the European ecological network Natura 2000 (http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/31211).

Romanian is placed in the south-east of trhe Europe, at the boundary between Continental Europe and Balkan Peninsula, at the crossing of 45o North Parallel with 25o East Meridian. On the area of Romania are nine distinct regions: Banat, Bucovina, Crișana, Dobrogea, Maramureș, Moldova, Muntenia, Oltenia and Transylvania.

Abbreviations: Col. NSMC Bacău–Collections of the Ion Borcea Natural Sciences Museums Complex, Bacău; pers. com.–personal communication, SCI-Site of Community Importance.

Results

After compiling and synthesizing the data, we have identified 225 locations where L. cervus has been collected in Romania from 1891 to 2020. The insect is widespread in all nine regions (34 counties and Bucharest City, i.e., 83% of the total territory) and no doubt still under-recorded (Table I). From these 225 locations, 187 have been previously mentioned and 53 are original findings by the authors. Of the original findings (Table II), 38 are newly identified and 15 have been previously mentioned, but we have not found them in the data we have found/researched on site. The distribution on provinces and counties is given in Table I.

Based on this data we have designed a map that reflects the species’ distribution in the nine historical regions with their respective counties during the following collecting periods: (a) 1891–1950, nine sites; (b) 1951-2000, 34 sites; (c) after 2000, 22 sites. The map also includes the 67 Natura 2000 sites where the species has been identified (Fig. 5).

 

Table I. Collecting locations reported in Romania 1891–2020, presented in alphabetical order by regions, counties and sites.

Region

County

Collection site

No. of sites

Collection period

Banat

Caraş-Severin

Bozovici, Băile herculane, Domogled mountains, Gârlişte, Miniş, Moldova nouă, Nera gorges (Lindini clearing), Oraviţa, Sasca montană-damian forest, Stancilova

10

1927-2012

Bucovina

Suceava

Burdujeni, Cacica, Gura humorului, Râşca-slătioara forest, Suceava

5

1961-2018

Crișana

Arad

Arad, Sântana, Utviniş Forest

3

1954-1977

Bihor

Sânmartin

1

1961-1997

Dobrogea

Constanţa

Başpunar, Canaraua fetii, Cernavodă, Hagieni forest, Negureni, Iortmac Valley

6

1921-1993

Tulcea

Babadag forest, Caraorman, Celic dere, Ciucurova, Greci, Letea forest, Letea, Măcinului mountains-suluc Valley, Murighiol, Niculiţel (Cocoş monastery), Slava rusă, Sulina, Tulcea

13

1962-2006

Maramureș

Maramureș

Bistra (Bistra valley), Bârsana, Mireşu mare

3

1916-1998

Moldova

Bacău

Bacău, Dospineşti, Gherăieşti, Gioseni, Holt, Livezi, Mănăstirea caşin, Orbeni, Pârâul boghii, Poiana sărată, Prăjeşti, Racova, Sascut, Sănduleni, Scorţeni, Slănic Moldova, Tociloasa, Urecheşti, Budului valley

19

1971-2012

Botoșani

Botoşani, Gorovei

2

1968-1997

Galați

Gârboavele forest

1

1968

Iași

Bivolari, Bârnova, Bârnova forest, Bârnova-repedea forest, Iaşi, Pietrosul-reserve forest, Repedea hill, Slobozia-beech forest

8

1968-2012

Neamț

Stan hill, Târgu neamţ, Vânători

3

1973- 2003

Vaslui

Băbuşa

1

1996

Vrancea

Focşani, Mărăşeşti, Răstoaca, Urecheşti, Vidra

5

1962-1983

Muntenia

Argeș

Broşteni, Ludeşti, Morăreşti, Piteşti, Stoeneşti

5

1906- 2014

Brăila

Brăila

1

1965 - 1997

București

Băneasa forest, Broşteni, Bucharest, Bucharest (Museum park), Filaret

5

1905-2009

Buzău

Arbănaşi-beceni forest, Costeşti-spătaru forest, Izvorul dulce-beceni, Măgura-beech forest

4

1987-2005

Dâmbovița

Gulia-tărtăşeşti

1

1983-1993

Giurgiu

Crevedia mare, Comana forest

2

1954-2013

Ilfov

Brăneşti forest, Căldăruşani, Căldăruşani forest, Cernica forest, Corbeanca, Mogoşoaia, Pasărea forest, Snagov

8

1905-2009

Prahova

Azuga, Breaza, Prahova riverside (Măgureni), Masivul ciucaş, Mehedinţa (Podenii Noi)

5

1905-2011

Teleorman

Drăgăneşti-vlaşca

1

1979-1980

Oltenia

Dolj

Amăraşti de Jos, Argentoaia, Bratovoieşti, Bucovăţ, Castrele traiane (Pleniţa forest), Cârligei, Cobia, Craiova, Craiova (Depot), Filiaşi, Negoi, Perişor, Poiana mare, Preajba, Radovan, Radovan (Panaghia forest), Secui, Şimnicu de Sus, Teasc

19

1951-2019

Gorj

Baia de fier-galbenului valley, Barcului forest, Bengeşti, Bîrseşti, Călugăreasa, Cărbuneşti, Cărpiniş-plaiului valley, Cerna valley, Cheile sohodol, Cloşani, Crasna, Defileul Jiului-"Cârligul Întors, Drăgoieşti forest, Dobrana, Lainici, Lainici monastery Lăzăresti forest, Lăzăresti-prislop point, Locurele hermitage, Novaci forest, pietrele albe, Radoşi-aninisului valley, Radoşi-ciocăzeaua valley, Stănceşti-amaradia valley, Târgu cărbuneşti, Târgu jiu, Olteţului valley, Târgul logreşti, Tismana, Transalpina, Ţiganca valley, Valea haracu, Vişina monastery, Zorleşti

34

1928-2015

Mehedinți

Eşelniţa, Gura motrului, Gura văii, Mraconia valley, Orşova, Strehaia, Șviniţa, Turnu severin

8

1928-1983

Olt

Balş, Palanca forest (Nicolae titulescu), Sarului forest, Strehareţ forest (Slatina)

4

1980-2015

Table continued on next page................

Region

County

Collection site

No. of sites

Collection period

Vâlcea

Câineni, Călimăneşti, Cozia mountains, Gatejeşti-buneşti forest, Obârşia lotrului, Păuşeşti-otăsău, Stânişoara monastery

7

1956-2016

Transylvania

Alba

Bistra-bistrei valley

1

1998

Brașov

Braşov-station area, Cincu, Ciucaş mountains, Hărman

4

1963-2014

Cluj

Cluj, Cheile turzii, Frăsinet, Rece mountain, Sic-păstrăraia

5

1990-2016

Harghita

Sf. Ana lake, Topliţa-Mărşineţului forest, Uzului valley

3

1960-2007

Hunedoara

Deva, Geoagiu, Orăştie, Poiana

4

1980-2020

Mureș

Breite plateau, Buneşti-bircheni forest, Chindra hill, Praid, Roadeş, Sighişoara, Târgu mureş

7

1900-2013

Sibiu

Apoldul de sus, Biertan, Brad, Bungard, Cisnădioara, Dealul cu Pini, Dumbrava sibiului forest, Guşteriţa hill, Hamba, Ocna sibiului, Paltinului valley, Păuca, Racoviţa, Sibiel, Sibiu, Șura mare, Șuvara saşilor

17

1889-2020

 

We present below the obtained data, in the alphabetical order of regions name, counties and collecting sites.

Banat region

Caraş-severin county

Previous reports: Bozovici (45°00′04″N 21°57′13″E)-1962 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Băile Herculane (44°52′43″N 22°24′51″E)-1927, 1954, 1968, 1970, 1970, 1978 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); 1950, 1952, 1962, 1964, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1983, 1984, (Stan, 2013); Domogled Mountain (45.09306°N 22.62417°E)-1964, 1965 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); 1965, 1984 (Stan, 2013); Gârlişte (45°10′39″N 21°48′48″E)-2001 (Stan, 2013); Miniş (46°8′6″N 21°36′16″E)-2012 (Prunar et al., 2013); Moldova Nouă (44°43′4″N 21°39′50″E)-1971, 1972, 1973 (Stan, 2013); Nera Gorges (Lindini Clearing) (4.925°N 21.802°E)-2002 (Stan, 2013); Oraviţa (45°2′25″N 21°41′7″E)-1975 (Stan, 2013); Sasca Montană (Damian forestry range) (44°53′49″N 21°41′42″E)-2005 (Stan, 2013); Stancilova (44°48′58″N 21°48′46″E)-2012 (Prunar et al., 2013). Original data: Băile Herculane (44°52′43″N 22°24′51″E)-2♂♂, June 1, 1978 legit A. Dima; 1♂ şi 1♀, June 9 1978 legit A. Dima (col. NSMC Bacău). Col. NSMC

Bucovina region

Suceava county

Previous reports: Gura Humorului (47°33′14″N 25°53′21″E)-1986 (Stan, 2013); Râşca-Slătioara Forest (7°21′25″N 26°14′4″E)-1983 (Stan, 2013); Suceava (47°39′5″N 26°15′20″E)-1975 (Stan, 2013). Original data: Burdujeni (47°40’33”N 26°16’22”E)-1♂, July 30, 1969, Răileanu (Col. NSMC Bacău); Cacica (47°38′17″N 25°54′00″E)-1♂, July 11, 2018 legit N. Olenici (com. pers. N. Olenici, 2018); Suceava (47°39′5″N 26°15′20″E)-1♂, July 21, 1961 legit G. Răileanu; 1♀, July 15, 1962, legit G. Răileanu; 1♀, July 20, 1962, legit G. Răileanu; 1♂, July 16, 1965, legit G. Răileanu; 1♂, June 15, 1967, legit G. Răileanu (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Crișana region

Arad county

Previous reports: Arad (46°10′36″N 21°18′4″E)-1954 (Stan, 2013); Sântana (46°35′N 21°50′E)-1959 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Utviniş Forest (46°16′51″N 21°24′0″E)-1977 (Stan, 2013).

Bihor county

Sânmartin (47°00′24″N 21°58′29″E)-1961, 1966, 1968, 1980, 1984, 1997 (Stan, 2013).

Dobrogea region

Constanta county

Previous reports: Baş Punar (Fântâna Mare) (45.09306°N 22.62417°E)-1967 [26], 1967); 1955, 1959 (Stan, 2013); Canaraua Fetii (44.05333°N 27.67417°E)-1964; 1966 (Stan, 2013); Cernavodă (44°20′17″N 28°2′1″E)-1921 (Negru and Roşca, 1967); Dumbrăveni forest (forestry range Furnica)-1996, Hagieni Forest (43°47′2″N 28°28′48″E)-1973 (Stan, 2013); Negureni (47°36′04″N 28°30′36″E)-1990, 1993 (Stan, 2013); Iortmac Valley (44.22556°N 27.76167°E)-1972 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013).

Tulcea county

Previous reports: Babadag Forest (44°53′36″N 28°42′43″E)-1972 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013; Stan, 2013); Caraorman (45°4′44″N 29°23′35″E)-1991 (Stan, 2013); Celic Dere (45°07′26″N 28°38′07″E)-1992, 2006 (Stan, 2013); Ciucurova (44°55′01″N 28°28′40″E)- 1981 (Stan, 2013); Greci (45°10′02″N 28°15′03″E)-1962, 2005 (Stan, 2013); Letea Forest (45.34028°N 29.52556°E)-1962

 

Table II. Number of collecting sites within the regions and counties.

Region

County

Previously mentioned sites

Original data

Total no. of sites

Previously mentioned sites and retrieved

Newly mentioned sites

1

2

3

4

5

3+5

Banat

Caraş severin

10

1

10

Bucovin

Suceava

3

1

2

5

Crișana

Arad

3

3

Bihor

1

1

Dobrogea

Constanţa

6

6

Tulcea

13

2

13

Maramureș

Maramureş

3

3

Moldova

Bacău

2

17

19

Botoşani

1

1

2

Galaţi

1

1

Iaşi

7

1

8

Neamţ

3

3

Vaslui

1

1

Vrancea

4

1

5

Muntenia

Argeş

5

5

Brăila

1

1

1

Bucharest

5

1

5

Buzău

4

4

Dâmboviţa

1

1

Giurgiu

2

2

Ilfov

8

8

Prahova

5

5

Teleorman

1

1

Oltenia

Dolj

19

6

19

Gorj

34

34

Mehedinţi

8

8

Olt

4

4

Vâlcea

6

1

7

Transylvania

Alba

1

1

Braşov

3

1

4

Cluj

4

1

5

Harghita

1

2

3

Hunedoara

2

2

4

Mureş

7

7

Sibiu

13

3

4

17

 

(Stan, 2013); Letea (45°17′2″N 29°31′27″E)-1968 (Negru, 1968; Procheş, 1997); Măcinului Mountains-Suluc Valley (5°10′22″N 28°18′22″E)-2006 (Stan, 2013); Niculiţel (Mănăstirea Cocoş) (45°12′42.59″N28°24′56.80″E)-1975 (Roșca, 1976); 1972, 1975 (Stan, 2013); Murighiol (44°58′17″N 29°09′05″E)-1978 (Stan, 2013); Slava Rusă (44°51′1″N 28°36′20″E)-1962, 1991, 1993 (Stan, 2013); Sulina (45°9′34″N 29°39′10″E)-1973 (Stan, 2013); Tulcea (45°11′24″N 28°48′0″E)-1975 (Roșca, 1976). Original data: Babadag (44°53′53″N 28°44′31″E)-2♂♂,1♀, June 13, 1973 legit A. Dima; 2♂♂, June 28, 1973 legit A. Dima (Col. NSMC Bacău); Niculiţel (Cocoş Monastery)-3♂♂,1 ♀, July 15, 1968 legit G. Răileanu (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Maramureș region

Maramureș county

Previous reports: Bârsana (47°49′0″N 24°3′32″E)-1995 (Stan, 2013); Bistra (Bistra valley) (47°52′08″N 24°16′47″E)-1998 (Stan, 2013); Mireşu Mare (47°30′11″N 23°20′7″E)-1916 (Stan, 2013).

Moldova region

Bacău county

Previous reports: Caşin Monastery (46°9′11″N 26°41′17″E)-2012 (Stan, 2013); Pârâul Boghii (46°15′42″N 26°38′40″E)- 2011 (Stan, 2013). Original data: Bacău (46°35′0″N 26°55′0″E)-1♂, July 10, 1971 legit A. Dima; 1♀, June 21, 1974 legit A. Dima; 1♂, June 15, 1975 legit A. Dima; 1♀, June 10, 1976 legit A. Dima; 10♂♂, July 10, 1976 legit A. Dima; 2♂♂, June 20, 1978 legit A. Dima; 3♂♂, June 23, 1978 legit A. Dima; 2♂♂, June 28, 1978 legit A. Dima; 1♂, July 11, 1978 legit A. Dima; 1♀, July 11, 1978 legit A. Dima; 3♀♀, July 17, 1978 legit A. Dima; 9♀♀, July 27, 1978 legit A. Dima; 2♂♂, June 13, 1979 legit A. Dima; 1♂, June 4, 1981 legit A. Dima; 5♂♂, June 24, 1983 legit A. Dima; 3♀♀, 2♂♂, June 28, 1990 legit A. Dima; 2♀♀, July 3, 1990 legit A. Dima; 6♂♂, 1♀, June 23, 1992 legit G. Codreanu; 1♀, July 13, 1992 legit G. Codreanu; 1♀, July 15, 1992 legit M. Hongu; 2♂♂, July 22, 1992 legit M. Ciubotaru; 1♂♂, July 27, 1992 legit M. Ciubotaru; 3♂♂, June 16, 1993 legit G. Codreanu; 2♂♂, June 18, 1993 legit G. Codreanu; 1♀, June 18, 1993 legit M. Hongu; 1♂, June 20, 1993 legit M. Codreanu; 1♀, July 4, 1993 legit M. Codreanu; 2♀♀, July 20, 1993 legit M. Hongu; 1♀, August 1, 1993 legit E. Păsălău; 1♂, June 19, 1995 legit E. Păsălău; 2♂♂, July 5, 1996 legit L. Doroftei; 1♂, June 3, 1996 legit E. Păsălău; 1♂, June 6, 1996 legit L. Doroftei; 1♂, June 10, 1996 legit C. Chirilă; 2♂♂, June 10, 1996 legit E. Păsălău; 5♂♂, June 13, 1996 legit E. Păsălău; 1♀, June 13, 1996 legit E. Păsălău; 1♂, June 17, 1996 legit C. Chirilă; 1♂, June 25, 1996 legit M. Hongu; 2♂♂, June 27, 1996 legit M. Hongu; 2♀♀, June 28, 1996 legit L. Doroftei; 2♀♀, June 29, 1996 legit M. Hongu; 1♀, July 11, 2004 legit O. Pavel; 1♀, July 8, 2005 legit L. Doroftei; 1♀, August 3, 2005 legit M. Arinton; 1♂, July 8, 2008 legit C. Puşcaşu (Col. NSMC Bacău); Dospineşti (46°34′55″N 26°59′16″E)-13♂♂, 1♀, June 23, 1992 legit E. Păsălău; 7♂♂, June 24, 1992 legit E. Păsălău; 5♀♀, June 23, 1993 legit E. Păsălău; 3♂♂, June 12, 1995 legit E. Păsălău (Col. NSMC Bacău); Gherăieşti (47°1′27″N 26°49′20″E) - 1♀, June 1, 1973 legit G. Răileanu (Col. NSMC Bacău), Gioseni (46°25′45″N 26°59′32″E)- 1♂, July 15, 1992, legit M. Ciubotaru; 1♂, July 9, 1995, legit M. Ciubotaru; (Col. NSMC Bacău); Holt (46°34′42″N 26°58′29″E)-1♀, June 25, 2003, legit M. Arinton; 1♀, July 9, 2006 legit M. Arinton; 2♂♂, 1♀, June 22, 2011 legit M. Arinton; 1♂, July 5, 2011 legit M. Arinton; 5♂♂, July 7, 2011 legit M. Arinton (Col. NSMC Bacău); Livezi (Bacău) (46°24′23″N 26°44′10″E)-2 ♀♀, July 28, 2003, legit M. Arinton (M. Arinton, com. pers. 2003); Orbeni (46°16′38″N 27°1′19″E )-1♂, July 24, 1992, legit M. Hongu); Poiana Sărată (46°8′33″N 26°27′23″E)-1♀, June 24, 2004 legit M. Hongu (Col. NSMC Bacău); Prăjeşti (46°39′16″N 26°58′34″E)-2♂♂, June 11, 1985, legit E. Păsălău (Col. NSMC Bacău); Racova (46°42′31″N 26°45′11″E)-1♀, July 5, 1977 legit A. Dima; 1♂, June 23, 1983 legit E. Păsălău; 1♂, July 23, 1985 legit A. Dima; 1♀, August 08, 1986 legit A. Dima; 1♀, August 22, 1990 legit A. Dima; 2♀♀, August 4, 1995 legit C. Ursachi (Col. NSMC Bacău); Sănduleni (46°26′25″N 26°44′18″E) -1♂, July 30, 2011 legit D. Paraschiv (Col. NSMC Bacău); Săscut (46°12′26″N 27°6′37″E)-1♂, June 27, 1996 legit M. Hongu; (Col. NSMC Bacău); Scorţeni (46°33′8″N 26°39′47″E)-1♂, August 4, 2011 legit O. Jigău; 1♀, August 4, 2011 legit O. Jigău (Col. NSMC Bacău); Slănic Moldova (46°12′24″N 26°26′18″E)- 1♂, August 14, 2006 legit O. Goagă; Tociloasa (46°31’0” N. 27°4’60” E) - 1♀, Mai 24, 1996 legit C. Chirilă (col. NSMC Bacău); Urecheşti (46°7′57″N 27°5′9″E) -1♂, July 13, 1983, legit A. Dima; Budului Valley (46°35′46″N 26°49′8″E) -1♂, May 28, 1996 legit L. Doroftei; 1♀, June 23, 2005 legit L. Doroftei (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Botoșani county

Previous reports: Botoşani (47°44′N 26°41′E)-1997 (Procheş, 1997) . Original data: Gorovei (47°52′36″N 26°20′41″E)-1♀, July 6, 1968 legit G. Răileanu (col. NSMC Bacău).

Galați county

Original data: Gârboavele Forest (27°59′56″E45.57667°N)-1♂, July 6, 1968 legit G. (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Iaşi county

Previous reports: Bivolari (47°33′46″N 27°24′29″E)-2010 (Arinton and Ciornei, 2015) ; Bârnova (47°05′32″N 27°38′14″E)-1968 (Stan, 2013); Bârnova Forest (47°01’30”N 27°33’95”E)-2012 (Stan, 2013); Bârnova-Repedea Forest (47°05′32″N 27°38′14″E)-1968, 2012 (Stan, 2013); Pietrosul-Reserve Forest (46°59.366’ N 27°41.268’E, 235 m)–2012 (Stan and Nițu, 2013); Repedea Hill (47°5’12.56”N 27°38’43.7”E)-2012; (Stan and Nițu, 2013); Slobozia-Beech Forest (697829.901767991X, 615604.079740532 Y)-2012 (Stan and Nițu, 2013). Original data: Iaşi (47°9′44″N 27°35′20″E )-1♂, June 5, 1990, legit Voicu (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Neamț county

Original data: Stan Hill (46.9771611°N 26.5324222°E)-3♂♂; 2♀♀, August 13, 2003, legit M. Arinton (Arinton, com. pers. 2003); Târgu Neamţ (7°12′9″N 26°21′31″E)-2♀♀, July 5, 1996 legit E. Păsălău (Col. NSMC Bacău); Vânători (47°12′40″N 26°19′30″E) -1♀, July 27, 2000 legit G. Gurău (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Vaslui county

Original data: Băbuşa (46°48′31″N 27°13′38″E) -2♂♂,1♀, June 22, 1996 legit C. Chirilă (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Vrancea county

Previous reports: Focşani (45°41′49″N 27°11′12″E)-1978 (Stan, 2013); Mărăşeşti (45°52′48″N 27°13′48″E)-1970 (Stan, 2013); Răstoaca (45°39′45″N 27°16′54″E)-1972 (Stan, 2013); Vidra (45°54′33″N 26°53′42″E)-1962 (Stan, 2013). Original data: Urecheşti (45°35′59″N 27°03′57″E)-1♂, July 13, 1983 legit A. Dima (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Muntenia region

Argeș county

Previous reports: Broşteni (44°42′59″N 24°52′1″E)-1906 (Stan, 2013); Ludeşti (44°52′24″N 25°14′40″E)–2014 (Bărbuceanu et al., 2015); Morăreşti (45°00′28″N 24°33′48″E)-1970 (Stan, 2013); Piteşti (44°51′38″N 24°52′4″E)-1990 (Stan, 2013); Stoeneşti (45°15′46″N 25°10′27″E)-1990 (Stan, 2013).

Brăila county

Previous reports: Brăila (45°16′9″N 27°57′27″E)-1997 (Procheş, 1997) . Original data: Brăila (45°16′9″N 27°57′27″E)-1 ♂, July 12, 1965, legit V. Apetri; 2 ♀♀, July 12, 1965, legit V. Apetri (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Bucharest

Previous reports: Băneasa Forest (44° 31′ 2″ N 26° 36′ 0″ E)-1979, 1991, 1998 (Stan, 2013); 1997 (Procheş, 1997); Broşteni (47°14′39″N 25°41′53″E)-1906 (Montandon, 1906); Bucureşti-1906 (Montandon, 1906); 1961, 1966, 1968, 1980, 1984, 1991, 1998, 2006, 2007, 2009 (Stan, 2013); Bucharest (Museum park) (44.4532 N-26.0849 E -2006, 2007, 2009 (Stan, 2013); Filaret-1905 (Fleck, 1905); Original data: Băneasa Forest (44° 31′ 2″ N 26° 36′ 0″ E)-1♀, August 22, 1991 legit E. Păsălău (Col. NSMC Bacău).

Buzău county

Previous reports: Arbănaşi (Beceni, school camp): (5°23′56″N 26°44′12″E)-2005 (Stan, 2013); Costeşti-Spătaru Forest (45°3′N 26°46′E)-1987 Izvorul Dulce-Beceni (45°6′41″N 26°37′55″E)-1999, 2000, 2005 (Stan, 2013); Măgura (45°16′44″N 26°34′52″E)- 2004 (Stan, 2013).

Dâmbovița county

Previous reports: Gulia-Tărtăşeşti (44°32′48″N 25°52′17″E)-1993 (Stan, 2013).

Giurgiu county

Previous reports: Crevedia Mare (44°26′23″N 25°36′55″)-1976 (Stan, 2013); Comana forest (44.14056°N 26.11194°E)-1954, 1955, 1958, 1963, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1989, 2013 (Stan, 2013).

Ilfov county

Previous reports: Brăneşti Forest (44°27′25″N 26°20′1″E)-1962, 1963 (Stan, 2013); Căldăruşani (44°44′11″N 26°13′14″E)-1905 (Fleck, 1905); Căldăruşani Forest (44°44′11″N 26°13′14″E)-1959, 1962 (Stan, 2013); Cernica Forest (44.44333°N 26.29556°E)-1960, 2009 (Stan, 2013); Corbeanca (44°35′52.6″N 26°2′43.1″E)-1996 (Stan, 2013); Mogoşoaia (44°31′34″N 26°0′12″E)-1961, 1967 (Stan, 2013); Pasărea Forest (44°28′34″N 26°18′33″E)-1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1970, 1984, 1992 (Stan, 2013); Snagov (44°42′2″N 26°9′47″E)-1962, 1975, 1976, 1979, 1991 (Stan, 2013).

Prahova county

Previous reports: Azuga (45°26′42″N 25°33′19″E)-1905 (Fleck, 1905); Breaza (5°11′14″N 25°39′44″E)-1985 (Stan, 2013); Lunca Prahovei (Măgureni) (45°02′38″N 25°45′06″E)-1964 (Stan, 2013); Ciucaş Mts. (45.50389°N 25.95278°E)-2009 (Stan, 2013); Mehedinţa (Podenii Noi) (45°5′42″N 26°11′13″E)-2011 (Stan, 2013).

Teleorman county

Previous reports: Drăgăneşti-Vlaşca (44°6′7″N 25°35′46″E)-1979, 1980 (Stan, 2013).

Oltenia region

Dolj county

Previous reports: Amăraşti de Jos (43°57′2″N 24°9′46″E)-1969 (Chimișliu, 2007); Argentoaia (44°31′00″N 23°22′00″E)-1995 (Chimișliu, 2007); Bratovoeşti (44°7′40″N 23°54′13″E)–2015 (Chimișliu, 2007); Bucovăţ (44°16′53″N 23°42′27″E)-1967, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 (Chimișliu, 2007); Castrele Traiane (Pleniţa Forest) 44°13’34.7”N 23°09’06.8”E-1981 (Stan, 2013); Cârligei (44°17′1″N 23°44′49″E)–2014 (Manu et al., 2017); Cobia (44°47′42″N 25°19′53″E)-1983 (Stan, 2013); Craiova (44°20′N 23°49′E)-1982, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997 (Chimișliu, 2007); Craiova (Depou) (44°20′N 23°49′E)-1984 (Chimișliu, 2007); Filiaşi (44°24′0″N 23°31′12″E)-1990, 1992, 1994 (Chimișliu, 2007); Negoi (43°54′11″N 23°21′46″E)-1992, 1993 (Chimișliu, 2007); Radovan (Panaghia Forest) (44°11′02″N 23°34′39″E)-1984 (Stan, 2013); Perişor (44°08′46″N 23°29′07″E)-1982 (Stan, 2013); Pleniţa Forest (44.24694°N 23.15917°E)-1951, 1959 (Chimișliu, 2007); Poiana Mare (43°55′15″N 23°03′31″E)-1980, 1990, 1994 (Chimișliu, 2007); Preajba (44°15′54″N 23°51′0″E)-1973 (Chimișliu, 2007); Radovan-2003 (Chimișliu, 2007); Secui (44°11′36″N 23°51′39″E)-2011, 2014, 2017 (Chimișliu, 2017); Şimnicu de Sus (44°24′23″N 23°48′09″E)-1998, 2000 (Chimișliu, 2007); Slatina-Strehareţ Forest (44°26′13″N 24°22′12″E)-1980 (Stan, 2013); Teasc (44°10′41″N 23°52′08″E)-1996 (Chimișliu, 2007).

Original data: (C. Chimişliu com. pers., 2010-2019): Bratovoieşti (44°7′40″N 23°54′13″E)-1♂♂, 3♀♀ July 15, 2013; 2♂♂, 5 ♀♀ July 9, 2016; 2♂♂, 2♀♀ July 14, 2018; Bucovăţ (44°16′53″N 23°42′27″E) - 3♂♂, 4 ♀♀, June 28, 2010; 1♂, 2♀♀, June 28, 2019); Craiova (44°20′N 23°49′E)-2♂♂, 3♀♀ July 15, 2012; 1 ♀ July 5, 2015; 1♂, 2♀♀ July 25, 2019; Filiaşi (44°24′0″N 23°31′12″E)-2♂♂, 1♀ July 20, 2018; Preajba (44°15′54″N 23°51′0″E)-3♀♀ July 2, 2016; Secui (44°11′36″N 23°51′39″E)-1♂, 2♀♀ July 26, 2011; 2♀♀ July 25, 2014; 1♀ July 12, 2016; 1♂, 1♀ July 5, 2018; 3♀♀ August 2, 2019.

Gorj county

Previous reports: Baia de Fier-Galbenului Valley (45°15′51″N 23°44′37″E)-2005 (Chimişliu, 2014); Barcului Forest-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Bengeşti (45°4′17″N 23°35′20″E)-2014 (Manu et al., 2017); Bîrseşti (45°3′12″N 23°14′7″E)-1953 (Chimișliu, 2006); Călugăreasa (45°2′29″N 23°38′29″E)–2014 (Manu et al., 2017); Cărbuneşti (44°58′11″N 23°31′11″E)-2003 (Chimișliu, 2007); Valea Bistriţei (45°6′42″N 23°2′23″E)-2005 (Chimișliu, 2006); Cărpiniş-Plaiului Valley (45°11′N 23°33′E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Cerna Valley (45°05′35″N 22°37′27″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Cheile Sohodol (45.14500°N 23.13889°E)-1979, 1987 (Chimișliu, 2006); 1992 (Stan, 2013); Cloşani (45°04′08″N 22°48′8″E)-1928 (Marcu, 1928); Crasna (45°12′52″N 23°33′48″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Defileul Jiului “Cârligul Întors”, fire scar at railway bridge, 11,5 km N i.b.f. of B.-J. (N 45°16.42 - EO 23°23.28), 475 m a.s.l.)-2004 (Bussler et al., 2005); Drăgoieşti forest (45°10′43″N 23°30′17″E)-2014 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Dobrana (45°3′15″N 23°40′2″E)–2014 (Manu et al., 2017); Lainici (45°15′50.75″N 23°23′32.90″E)-1967 (Chimișliu, 2006); Lainici Monastery (N 45°13.30 - EO 23°23.02)-2004 (Bussler et al., 2005); Lăzăresti Forest (45°8′0″N 23°24′46″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Lăzăresti-Prislop Point (45°8′0″N 23°24′46″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Locurele Hermitage (45°3′2″N 22°56′56″E-2004 (Stan, 2013); Novaci Forest (45°10′48″N 23°40′12″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Olteţului Valley (44°16′50″N 24°10′40″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Pietrele Albe–1999 (Chimișliu, 2006); Radoşi-Aninisului Valley (45°11′18″N 23°35′46″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Radoşi-Ciocăzeaua Valley (45°11′18″N 23°35′46″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Stănceşti-Amaradia Valley (45°10′34″N 23°28′0″E)-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Târgu Cărbuneşti (44°58′11″N 23°31′11″E)-1984 (Stan, 2013); Târgu Jiu (45°02′02″N 23°16′29″E)-1969 (Stan, 2013); Târgul Logreşti (44°52′19″N 23°42′50″E)-1975 (Chimișliu, 2007); Tismana (45°3′2″N 22°56′56″E)-1928 (Marcu, 1928); 1970 (Chimișliu, 2006); Transalpina Road-2015 (Bărbuceanu, 2017); Ţiganca Valley (45.05583 N 23.64376 326 E)–2014 (Manu et al., 2017); Valea Haracu (45.05332N 23.63246 275 E)–2014 (Manu et al., 2017); Vişina Monastery (N 45°13.21-EO 23°23.03)-2004 (Bussler et al., 2005); Zorleşti (45°05′28″N 23°43′12″E)-1995 (Stan, 2013).

Mehedinți county

Previous reports: Eşelniţa (44°44′31″N 22°16′11″E)–1964 (Stan, 2013); Gura Motrului (44°33′19″N 23°26′12″E)-1983 Gura Văii (44°40′2″N 22°33′23″E)-1978 (Stan, 2013); Mraconia Valley (44.617°N 22.267°E)-1968 (Stan, 2013); Orşova (44°43′31″N 22°23′46″E)–1968 (Stan, 2013); Strehaia (44°37′20″N 23°11′50″E)-1953 (Chimișliu, 2007); Șviniţa (44°30′00″N 22°06′17″E) 1966-1971 [29]; 1969 (Stan, 2013); Turnu Severin (44°37′24″N 22°40′04″E)-1928 (Marcu, 1928).

Olt county

Previous reports: Balş (44°21′N 24°5′E)-1997 (Chimișliu, 2007); Palanca Forest (Nicolae Titulescu) (44°15′28″N 24°43′14″E)-1980 (Stan, 2013); Sarului Forest (44.44028°N 24.18556°E)-1986 (Marcu, 1928); 1981 (Stan, 2013); Strehareţ Forest (Slatina) (44°26′13″N 24°22′12″E)-1980 (Stan, 2013).

Vâlcea county

Previous reports: Câineni (45°29′43″N 24°18′32″E)-2003 (Chimișliu, 2007); Călimăneşti (45°14′21″N 24°20′36″E)-1969 (Stan, 2013); Cozia Mountains (45.00111°N 24.30056°E)-1956 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Gatejeşti-Buneşti Forest (45°5′46″N 24°12′1″E)-2016 (Niculescu and Mitrea, 2016); Obârşia Lotrului (45°26’5”N   23°37’51”E)-2007 (Stan, 2013); Stânişoara Monastery (45°14′21″N 24°20′36″E) -2002 (Stan, 2013).

Original data: Păuşeşti-Otăsău (45°04′16″N 24°07′49″E)-2♂♂, 1♀, June 17, 2014 legit C. Stancă-Moise.

Transylvania region

Alba county

Previous reports: Bistra-Bistrei Valley (46°04′17″N 23°34′23″E)-1998 (Stan, 2013).

Brașov county

Previous reports: Cincu (45°54′52″N 24°48′13″E)-1963 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Ciucaş Mountains (45°50′95″N25°94′77″E)-2009 (Stan, 2013); Hărman (45°42′24″N 25°41′8″E)-(without further data) legit Deubel (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013).

Original data: Braşov-Station area (45°39′N 25°36′E)-1♂, 1♀, May 30, 2014 legit C. Stancă-Moise.

Cluj county

Previous reports: Cheile Turzii (46°33′56″N 23°40′19″E) 1990-1992 (Ruicănescu, 1992); Frăsinet (46°36′56″N 23°23′06″E)-2012, 2013 (Stan, 2013); Rece Mountain (46°38′04″N 23°14′18″E)-2012 (Stan, 2013); Sic-Păstrăraia (46°55‘54“ N 23°56‘13”E)–2002 (Nițu, 2007).

Original data: Cluj (Neighborhood Câmpului) (46°46′0″N 23°35′0″E)-1♂, 1♀, May 24, 2016, legit C. Stancă-Moise.

Harghita county

Previous reports: St. Ana Lake (46.126385°N 25.88689°E)-1960 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013), Uzului Valley (46°20′35″N 26°15′10″E)- 2 ♂♂, June 16, 1993, legit M. Hongu (Col. NSMC Bacău); 1♂, July 16, 1995, legit V. Pavel; 1 ♀, July 05, 1997, legit M. Ciubotaru; 1 ♂, July 5, 1997, legit O. Goagă (Col. NSMC Bacău). Original data: Topliţa-Mărşineţului Forest (46°55′25″N 25°20′45″E)-1♂, 1♀, July 1, 2007 legit C. Stancă-Moise.

Hunedoara county

Previous reports: Deva (45°52′N 22°54′E)–1993 [56]; Poiana (46°05′11″N 23°03′19″E)- 1980 (Stan, 2013). Original data: Geoagiu (45°55′12″N 23°12′0″E)-11♂♂, 13♀♀, May 18, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 1♂, 20 June, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Orăştie (45°51′N 23°12′E)-2♂♂, 1♀, May 17, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise.

Mureș county

Previous reports: Breite Plateau (46°11.033’-46°13.058’N 24°44,877’- 24°46,428’E)– 2006-2009 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Buneşti-Bircheni Forest (46°06′25″N 25°03′26″E) - 2012 (Istrate, 2016); Chindra Hill (46°32′59″N 24°33′35″E)-2012, 2013 (Istrate, 2016); Praid (46°33′09″N 25°07′28″E)–1994 (Szel et al., 1995); Roadeş (46°7′40″N 25°6′32″E)-2011 (Istrate, 2016); Sighişoara (46°13′1″N 24°47′28″E)-1900 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); 2013 (Istrate, 2016); Târgu Mureş (46°32′59″N 24°33′35″E)-2000 (Istrate, 2016).

Sibiu county

Previous reports: Apoldul de Sus (45°51′2″N 23°49′40″E)-1950, 1958 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Brad (46°07′46″N 22°47′24″E)-1959 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Bungard (45°46′31″N 24°13′23″E)-1956 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Cisnădioara (45°42′16″N 24°6′46″E); (without further data) (Stan, 2013); Dealul cu Pini (45.664011°N, 24.228714°E- 45.665042°N24.238093°E)-2014-2015 (Stan et al., 2016); Guşteriţa Hill (45°48’4156”N24°11’4783”E)-1889, 1891, 1955, 1956, 1970 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Hamba (45°51′47″N 24°11′49″E)-1956 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Ocna Sibiului (45°52′54″N 24°03′41″E)-1962 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Paltinului Valley (45.545633°N, 24.238817°E)-2014 (Stan et al., 2016); Racoviţa (45°40′45″N 24°20′38″E)-1983, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1999, 2000 (Chimișliu, 2007); Sibiu (45°47′45″N 24°9′8″E)-1917, 1923, 1929, 1931, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1959, 1958, 1963, 1970, 1974, 1976 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Șura Mare (45°51′9″N 24°10′11″E)-1972 (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013); Șuvara Saşilor (45.672256°N, 24.230792°E-45.66336°N, 24.21624°E)-2014-2015 (Stan et al., 2016).

Original data: Biertan (46°08′10″N 24°31′15″E)-1♀, June 12, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Cisnădioara- 3♂♂, 4♀♀, June 17, 2019 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Guşteriţa Hill-2♂♂, 1♀, May 24, 2018 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Dumbrava Sibiului Forest (45°45’3757”N24°7’3438”E)-1♂, 1♀, June 29, 2000 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 1♀, May 17, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 1♂, May 18, 2020, legit C. Stancă-Moise; 1♀, June 22, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Păuca (46°00′37″N 23°53′22″E) - 3♂♂, 5♀♀, May 15, 2017 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Sibiel (Bărcul Roşu Forest, Subpărăţel Forest) (45°45′58″N 23°54′29″E)-1♀, May 27, 2000 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, June 27, 2002 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 2♂♂, 1♀, May 24, 2018 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, June 17, 2019 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 3♂♂, 2♀♀, June 2, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise; Sibiu-2♂♂, 3♀♀, June 29, 2002 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 1♂, 1♀, May 5, 2006 legit C. Stancă-Moise; 1♂, 1♀, May 18, 2020 legit C. Stancă-Moise.

Discussion

The Annex III of the Order no. 2387, September 2011 identifies 67 SCIs where the presence of Lucanus cervus was reported. These sites are spread over all 34 counties of the regions of Romania (Table III). Their location is presented in the Annex No. 1 of the Order no. 2387, September 2011.

 

Table III. Sites of community importance where Lucanus cervus was identified.

No.

Natura 2000 code

Name of the site

County

Regions

1

ROSCI0069

Domogled-Valea Cernei

Caraş-Severin

Banat

Mehedinţi, Gorj

Oltenia

2

ROSCI0031

Cheile Nerei-Beuşniţa

Caraş-Severin

Banat

3

ROSCI0206

Porţile de Fier

Caraş-Severin

Mehedinţi

Banat Oltenia

4

ROSCI0108

Lunca Mureșului inferior

Timiș

Banat

Arad

Crișana

5

ROSCI0048

Crișul Alb

Arad

Crișana

6

ROSCI0218

Dealul Mocrei-Rovina-Ineu

Arad

7

ROSCI0407

Zarandul de Vest

Arad

8

ROSCI0406

Zarandul de Est

Arad

Crișana,

Hunedoara

Transylvania

9

ROSCI0220

Săcueni-Lacul Cicoş

Bihor

Crișana

10

ROSCI0020

Câmpia Careiului

Satu Mare

Maramureș

Bihor

Crișana

11

ROSCI0071

Dumbrăveni-Valea Urluia - Lacul Vederoasa

Constanța

Dobrogea

12

ROSCI0149

Pădurea Eseschioi-Lacul Bugeac

Constanța

13

ROSCI0157

Pădurea Hagieni– Cotul Văii

Constanța

14

ROSCI0172

Pădurea și Valea, Canaraua Fetii - Iortmac

Constanța

15

ROSCI0123

Munţii Măcinului

Tulcea

16

ROSCI0214

Râul Tur

Satu Mare

Maramureș

17

ROSCI0162

Lunca Siretului Inferior

Bacău, Galați Vrancea

Moldova

Brăila

Muntenia

18

ROSCI0184

Pădurea Zamostea-Lunca

Botoșani

Moldova

Suceava

Bucovina

19

ROSCI0151

Pădurea Gârboavele

Galați

Moldova

20

ROSCI0135

Pădurea Bârnova-Repedea

Iași

21

ROSCI0171

Pădurea și pajitile de la Mârzeti

Iași

22

ROSCI0181

Pădurea Uricani

Iași

23

ROSCI0026

Cenaru

Vrancea

24

ROSCI0142

Pădurea Dalhăuți

Vrancea

25

ROSCI0268

Valea Vâlsanului

Argeș

Muntenia

26

ROSCI0326

Muscelele Argeșului

Argeș

27

ROSCI0341

Pădurea și Lacul Stolnici

Argeș

28

ROSCI0354

Platforma Cotmeana

Argeș,

Muntenia,

Vâlcea

Oltenia

Table continued on next page................

No.

Natura 2000 code

Name of the site

County

Regions

29

ROSCI0386

Râul Vedea

Olt

Oltenia

Teleorman, Argeș

Muntenia

30

ROSCI0057

Dealul Istrița

Buzău

Muntenia

31

ROSCI0103

Lunca Buzăului

Buzău

32

ROSCI0343

Pădurile din Silvostepa Mostiștei

Călărași

33

ROSCI0344

Pădurile din Sudul Piemontului Cândești

Dâmbovița

34

ROSCI0043

Comana

Giurgiu

35

ROSCI0224

Scroviştea

Ilfov

36

ROSCI0045

Coridorul Jiului

Dolj, Gorj, Olt, Mehedinți

Oltenia

37

ROSCI0202

Silvostepa Olteniei

Dolj

38

ROSCI0129

Nordul Gorjului de Vest

Gorj

39

ROSCI0359

Prigoria - Bengeti

Gorj

40

ROSCI0063

Defileul Jiului

Gorj

Oltenia

Hunedoara

Transylvania

41

ROSCI0198

Platoul Mehedinți

Gorj, Mehedinți

Oltenia

42

ROSCI0306

Jiana

Mehedinți

43

ROSCI0140

Pădurea Călugărească

Olt

44

ROSCI0166

Pădurea Reca Hotărani

Olt

45

ROSCI0168

Pădurea Sarului

Olt

46

ROSCI0177

Pădurea Topana

Olt

47

ROSCI022F

Seaca-Optăşani

Olt

48

ROSCI0046

Cozia

Vâlcea

49

ROSCI0128

Nordul Gorjului de Est

Vâlcea, Gorj

50

ROSCI0296

Dealurile Drăgășaniului

Vâlcea, Olt

51

ROSCI0147

Padurea de stejar pufos de la Mirăslău

Alba

Transylvania

52

ROSCI0004

Băgău

Alba

53

ROSCI0303

Hârtibaciu Sud-Est

Brașov

54

ROSCI0352

Perșani

Brașov

55

ROSCI0013

Bucegi

Brașov

Transylvania,

Prahova, Dâmbovița

Muntenia

56

ROSCI0099

Lacul Știucilor-Sic-Puini-Bonida

Cluj

Transylvania

57

ROSCI0233

Someșul Rece

Cluj

58

ROSCI0238

ROSCI0263

Suatu-Cojocna- Crairât

Valea Ierii

Cluj

59

ROSCI0253

Trascău

Cluj, Alba

60

ROSCI0154

Pădurea Glodeni

Mureș

61

ROSCI0342

Pădurea Târgu Mureș

Mureș

62

ROSCI0019

Călimani-Gurghiu

Mureș, Harghita

Transylvania,

Suceava

Bucovina

63

ROSCI0297

Dealurile Târnavei Mici-Bicheș

Harghita, Mureș

Transylvania

64

ROSCI0357

Porumbeni

Harghita, Mureș

65

ROSCI0227

Sighișoara-Târnava Mare

Mureș, Sibiu, Brașov

66

ROSCI0122

Munții Făgăraș

Sibiu, Brașov

Argeș

Muntenia

Vâlcea

Oltenia

67

ROSCI0304

Hârtibaciu Sud-Vest

Sibiu

 

L. cervus is a widespread species in Romania, excepting the high alpine areas, yet being present even near the Black Sea, in Caraorman and Letea Forests (Fusu et al., 2015). In the Coleoptera catalogue of 1912, Perti mentions that L. cervus “is a species to be found in the mountain and hilly areas, in oak forests” (Petri, 1912). Our data confirms this claim, since it verifies the presence of the stag beetle in Romania’s 34 counties and Bucharest City as follows: Banat–one out of two counties, Bucovina–only one county, Crişana–two out of three, Dobrogea–both counties, Maramureş–one of two, Moldova–all seven counties, Muntenia–nine counties of 11, Oltenia–all five counties and Transylvania–seven of 10, respectively. The largest number of collecting locations are in Oltenia (72 locations), Transylvania (41), Moldova (39), Muntenia (33), followed by Dobrogea; the lowest presence is in Banat (10), Bucovina (5), Crişana (4) and Maramureş (3). The uneven presence of the species is due not only to its inaccurate representation through insufficient research or unpublished results, but also to the differing number of counties in each region as well as the relief and vegetation that determine the presence or absence of favourable habitats for this species. For instance, in our research we have not found reports about the species’ presence in the following counties: Timiş (Banat), Satu Mare (Maramureş), Ialomiţa and Călăraşi (Muntenia), Covasna, Bistriţa-Năsăud and Sălaj (Transylvania). Nevertheless, Timiş, Satu Mare and Călăraşi counties are mentioned in the Annex III of the Order No. 2387/2011 (Szel et al., 1995), meaning that–until the finalizing of this research in 2021 the presence of L. cervus has been confirmed in 37 of 41 Romanian counties. The Natura 2000 sites where the presence of L. cervus has been reported are distributed over all 34 counties. The oldest specimen of the L. cervus collections analyzed for this paper is a male collected on June 28, 1891 on Gusterita Hill, near Sibiu (Transylvania) and kept in the Transylvania Society Collection, of the Brukenthal Museum in Sibiu (Cuzepan and Tăuşan, 2013). Although the species has not been identified in the SCIs of 7 counties Maramureş (Maramureş), (Muntenia), Neamţ, Vaslui (Moldova), Bistriţa-Năsăud, Covasna, Sălaj (Transylvania), our data confirms its presence in the counties Maramureş, Neamţ and Vaslui. This means that the species has not been reported in four counties: Bistriţa-Năsăud, Covasna, Sălaj and Ialomiţa.

Conclusion

While we have by no means exhausted all bibliographic sources where the species may have been reported, this paper is based on substantial published and other research as noted earlier, and therefore brings a systematic, updated, and expanded contribution to knowledge about the distribution and historical evolution of this species in Romania. Our paper the refore serves as a reference point and can become a valuable resource for subsequent research on L. cervus. Its results will be complemented in the future by the discovery of still unpublished data at research and academic institutes and museums as well as on-site research in many new locations where the insect may potentially be discovered.

Although at this moment the species appears to have a good conservation status in Romania, its presence needs active measures to avoid the reduction, exhaustion, or fragmentation of its habitats. Moreover, further research is needed to adequately assess whether the species has declined in abundance or distribution on a larger spatial scale. Being a saproxilophagous species, the presence of dead wood is vital for the survival of L. cervus (Sprecher-Uebersax, 2003). Preserving old trees and prohibiting the removal of dead wood from forests and parks may positively influence this species’ presence in Romania and elsewhere.

Statement of conflict of interest

The authors ahve declared no conflict of interest

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Pakistan Journal of Zoology

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Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56, Iss. 5, pp. 2001-2500

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