Effect of Neuromedin S (NMS) on Growth Hormone and its Relationship with NMS Induced Testosterone Secretion in Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Fig. 1.
(A) Changes in mean (±SEM) basal plasma T concentrations (ng/ml) during 1-h period before NMS/saline administration in fed and 48-h fasting adult male monkeys (B) Overall mean (±SEM) basal plasma T concentrations (ng/ml) during 1-h period before NMS/saline administration in normal fed, and 48-h fasting adult male monkeys. ***P<0.001 vs fed (Student’s t test).
Fig. 2.
(A) Changes in mean (±SEM) basal plasma GH concentrations (ng/ml) during 1-h period before NMS/saline administration in fed and 48-h fasting adult male monkeys (B) Overall mean (±SEM) basal plasma GH concentrations (ng/ml) during 1-h period before NMS/saline administration in normal fed, and 48-h fasting adult male monkeys. P>0.05 vs fed (Student’s t test).
Fig. 3.
(A) Mean (±SEM) changes in plasma T levels (ng/ml) before and after saline/NMS administration (at 0 min) in normal fed adult male monkeys. (B) Mean (±SEM) changes in plasma GH levels (ng/ml) before and after saline/NMS administration (at 0 min) in normal fed adult male monkeys. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs 0 min (ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett’s test).
Fig. 4.
(A) Comparison of mean (±SEM) plasma T concentrations (ng/ml) in 60 min pre- and 120 min post saline/NMS in fed adult male monkeys. (B) Comparison of mean (±SEM) plasma GH levels (ng/ml) in 60 min pre- and 120 min post saline/NMS in fed adult male monkeys. *P<0.05 vs pre-treatment ,**P<0.01 vs pre-treatment (Student’s t test).
Fig. 5.
(A) Mean (±SEM) changes in plasma T concentrations (ng/ml) before and after saline/NMS administration (at 0 min) in 48-h fasting adult male monkeys. (B) Mean (±SEM) changes in plasma GH concentrations (ng/ml) before and after saline/NMS administration (at 0 min) in 48-h fasting adult male monkeys. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 vs 0 min (ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett’s test).
Fig. 6.
(A) Comparison of mean (±SEM) plasma T levels (ng/ml) in 60 min pre- and 120 min post saline/NMS in 48-h fasting adult male monkeys. (B) Comparison of mean (±SEM) plasma GH levels (ng/ml) in 60 min pre- and 120 min post saline/NMS in 48-h fasting adult male monkeys. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs pre-treatment (Student’s t test).