Enhanced Antitumor and Anti-Metastasis Efficiency via Combined Treatment with Carvacrol and Doxorubicin
Enhanced Antitumor and Anti-Metastasis Efficiency via Combined Treatment with Carvacrol and Doxorubicin
Hu-Hu Chen1,2, Xin Li2,3, Mohd Hijaz Mohd Sani2 and Siat Yee Fong2,4*
ABSTRACT
Recent research on treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has focused on drug combinations that can improve their anticancer properties while minimizing adverse effects. This study investigated the efficacy of combined treatment with doxorubicin (Dox) and carvacrol on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. After co-treatment with varying concentrations of Dox and carvacrol, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed. The expression levels of proteins associated with associated with the observed effects were measured through Western blotting. The results showed that, co-administration of Dox and carvacrol exhibited a notable dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, this combination upregulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 while downregulated Bcl-2 expression. These findings indicated the induction of cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. In conclusion, carvacrol may function as a potential chemosensitizer, enhancing Dox-induced activation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway. The combined treatment of Dox and carvacrol holds promise as a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of future Dox-based breast cancer treatment regimens, offering potential benefits for patients with TNBC.
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