Epidemiological Situation and Spread of Avian Influenza H9N2 in Poultry in North Africa
Epidemiological Situation and Spread of Avian Influenza H9N2 in Poultry in North Africa
Hadda Kareche1*, Ola Elbohy2 and Janet M. Daly2
Map representing the spread of LPAI H9N2 from North America to China, Asia, the Middle East, and finally North Africa (Figure made using: https://www.mapchart.net/africa.html).
Map representing the location of North Africa underneath the major flyways of wild birds (Feare, 2010) (Figure made using: https://www.mapchart.net/africa.html).
Phylogenetic tree of the H9N2 HA sequences identified in North Africa from 2010 until 2021. A total of 41 North African sequences were retrieved from GenBank (see Table 2 for accession numbers) and aligned with the G1 lineage reference sequence (A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97; GenBank accession number AF156378) using MUSCLE. Phylogenetic analysis was performed with MegaX software using the maximum likelihood model. The tree was edited using Figtree. The North African sequence names are colour-coded according to country of origin: Algerian viruses (green), Egyptian (red), Libyan (brown), Moroccan (purple), Tunisian (blue). Three distinct clusters of Egyptian (EG) and Tunisian (TU) viruses are indicated.
