Exploring Helicobacter pylori’s Impact on Clinical Manifestations and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Spectrum
Exploring Helicobacter pylori’s Impact on Clinical Manifestations and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Spectrum
Syed Rafiq Hussain Shah1, Atta Ullah1, Dhafer Hazip Gaber Alwayli1,
Jiaxu Liang1, Tayyab Saeed Akhter2, Faisal Rasheed3, Nimra Zafar Siddiqui4, Bibi Nazia Murtaza5* and Wen Shu1*
ABSTRACT
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a disorder resulting from the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus, affects an estimated 10–30% population worldwide. Several pathophysiological factors influence the development and the course of GERD, and Helicobacter (H.) pylori infection might be considered as one of them. Thus, this cross-sectional study was aimed to evaluate the impact and association of H. pylori infection with GERD. For this, a total of seventy-five volunteers comprising of sixty patients with GERD and sixteen healthy individuals with similar exclusion and inclusion criteria were recruited. Among them, the uneducated, unemployed, and single showed strong correlations in the disease prevalence. Symptoms like acid reflux, heartburn, halitosis, dyspepsia, dysphagia, and bloating were frequently observed among those with non-erosive reflux disorders with gastritis and those with reflux esophagitis, whereas xerostomia was found to be common in both groups. Routine tissue histological examination revealed dilated intercellular spaces, basal cell hyperplasia, papillary elongation, and elevated eosinophil levels in the reflux esophagitis group. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was higher in the non-erosive reflux esophagitis with gastritis group than in the other groups. Esophageal inflammation, high-sensitive (hs-CRP) levels, and potential links to gastritis and H. pylori infection warrant further investigation to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
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