Heavy Metals Induced Oxidative Stress in Multi-Metal Tolerant Yeast, Candida sp. PS33 and its Capability to Uptake Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Heavy Metals Induced Oxidative Stress in Multi-Metal Tolerant Yeast, Candida sp. PS33 and its Capability to Uptake Heavy Metals from Wastewater
Sidra Ilyas1, Abdul Rehman1* and Qasim Ilyas2
Growth curve patterns of Candida sp. PS33 in the presence of heavy metals (0.1 mM each added separately in the growth medium). Control cells were incubated in the absence of metals for 32 h.
Total GSH (Left) and GSH/GSSG ratio (Right) in Candida sp. PS33. The medium containing 0.1 mM each metal separately was incubated for 48 h. All the experiments were preformed three times. Each point represents the mean (±SD) of four readings.
Specific activity (%) of cysteine and non-protein thiols in Candida sp. PS33 exposed to multi-metals (0.1 mM) for 48 h. Values were expressed as means ±SD and experiments were carried out in triplicate.
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals (a) Cd (b) Cu (c) Cr and (d) Pb by Candida sp. PS33 in culture medium contaminated with metal ions (0.1 mM each added separately) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days. Each point represents the mean (±SD) of four readings.
