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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) Infection: Challenges and Global Health Strategies

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB) Infection: Challenges and Global Health Strategies

Adeola D. Ayanyinka1,2*, Itunuoluwa Oyelayo1,2, Adedayo Simeon Okediji1,2, O. Opaleye1,2, O. Ojurongbe1,2 and Olugbenga A Olowe1,2

1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomooso, Oyo State, Nigeria; 2Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomooso, Oyo State, Nigeria.

 
*Correspondence | Adeola D. Ayanyinka, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B, 4000, Ogbomooso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Email: [email protected]

Figure 1:

Prevalence of HIV in New and Relapse TB Cases in 2018 (WHO, 2018).

Figure 2:

Global Prevalence of HBV and HIV Co-infection (Kourtis et al., 2012)

Figure 3:

Impact of HIV-induced immunosuppression on host CD4+ T cell response to TB infection (Navasardyan et al., 2024).

Figure 4:

Mechanisms of liver injuries in HIV-HBV coinfected patients (Ruta et al., 2023).

Pakistan Journal of Zoology

November

Pakistan J. Zool., Vol. 56

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