Refining Plant-Virus Interactions: Deciphering Host Range Evolution and Viral Emergence Dynamics
Refining Plant-Virus Interactions: Deciphering Host Range Evolution and Viral Emergence Dynamics
Burhan Khalid1*, Muhammad Umer Javed2, Talha Riaz3, Muhammad Atiq Ashraf4, Hafiza Zara Saeed5, Musrat Shaheen6, Shumaila Nawaz4, Amir Khan Korai7, Rabiya Riaz8 and Muhammad Asim4
ABSTRACT
Plant viruses result from a complex interaction between genetic and ecological variables that affect the progression of the host spectrum. Recent studies on plant-pathogen dynamics are compiled in this review, with a focus on the contributions of intrinsic viral traits and extrinsic environmental factors. We investigate how a virus’s capacity to infect a variety of host species is influenced by genetic uniqueness, adaptive trade-offs, and virus-vector interactions. This review also looks at how ecological factors, like species cohabitation and community interactions, affect the dynamics of viral transmission. Because environmental heterogeneity makes it difficult to extrapolate trends, the interaction of ecological and genetic models is essential to comprehending host range evolution. Plant viruses, which are mostly biotrophic diseases, cause large losses in agriculture since they depend on host cells for reproduction and spread. The review emphasizes the significance of taking into account both internal viral characteristics and external ecological impacts by examining genetic features and their adaptive implications. Predicting viral outbreaks and creating efficient disease management plans in agricultural settings requires an understanding of these dynamics. To improve our ability to forecast viral emergence and host range evolution, this review emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to the study of plant-virus interactions.
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