Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus in Hepatitis B Positive Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus in Hepatitis B Positive Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
Zainab Temitope Salami1, Oladele Oluyinka Opaleye1,2*, Olusola Ojurongbe1,2, Adekunle Olugbenga Olowe1,2 and Titilayo Adenike Olayinka1,2
ABSTRACT
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections pose a significant global health challenge with predominant prevalence in Nigeria. It is a major health concern in pregnant women and HBV-coinfected individuals. Studies have shown that pregnant women serve as a reservoir for the persistence and transmission of both viruses worldwide. Both viruses are transmitted through contact with infected blood/ bodily fluids but majorly from Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT). This study aimed at investigating prevalence of HDV in Hepatitis B positive pregnant women attending LAUTECH teaching hospital antenatal clinic in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total of 180 serum samples were collected from pregnant women. A five-panel rapid diagnostic kit were used to assay for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), Hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) and Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) markers, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) kit were used for the detection of HDV IgG antibodies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in the HBsAg positive and HDV seropositive samples. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software, descriptive analysis was done for categorical data to obtain prevalence. Statistical significance was determined with the Chi-square test with the level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05. HBsAg, HBeAb and HBcAb markers of HBV infection were detected in 13.9% (n= 25/180), 2.8% (5/180) and 5% (9/180) respectively. The prevalence of HDV-IgG in HBV-positive pregnant women was 36% (n= 9/25). Molecular detection of HBV DNA was 12% (3/25) while all HBV positive samples were HDV RNA negative. This study shows a high prevalence of HDV-IgG implying that a significant proportion of HBV-infected pregnant women had been exposed to HDV at some point. It underlines the need of an extensive surveillance system and further studies.
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